Impact of variable atmospheric and oceanic form drag on simulations of arctic sea ice

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1329-1353

  Tsamados, Michel ^a   Feltham, Daniel L ^a   Schroeder, David ^a   Flocco, Daniela ^a   Farrell, Sinead L ^b   Kurtz, Nathan ^c   Laxon, Seymour W ^d   Bacon, Sheldon ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c Goddard Earth Science Technology and Research Program Mergan State University   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRAG COEFFICIENT; LAKES; OCEANOGRAPHY; PARAMETERIZATION; SEA ICE;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ARCTIC SEA ICE; ICE CONCENTRATION; PARAMETER-TUNING; PRESSURE RIDGE; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; SEA ICE MODELING; THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT;

DRAG;

CLIMATE MODELING; DRAG; ICE COVER; ICE RIDGE; ICE-OCEAN INTERACTION; SEA ICE;

ARCTIC OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA;

EID: 84899832474     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: 15200485     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0215.1     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Andreas, E. L, T. Horst, A. Grachev, P. Persson, C. Fairall, P. Guest, and R. Jordan, 2010: Parametrizing turbulent ex change over summer sea ice and the marginal ice zone. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 927-943, doi:10.1002/qj.618.
2. Arya, S. P. S., 1973: Contribution of form drag on pressure ridges to the air stress on Arctic ice. J. Geophys. Res., 78, 7092-7099, doi:10.1029/JC078i030p07092.
3. Arya, S. P. S., 1975: A drag partition theory for determining the largescale roughness parameter and wind stress on the Arctic pack ice. J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3447-3454, doi:10.1029/JC080i024p03447.
4. Birnbaum, G., and C. Lüpkes, 2002: A new parameterization of surface drag in the marginal sea ice zone. Tellus, 54A, 107-123, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.00243.x.
5. Claussen,M., 1990:Area-averaging of surface fluxes in a neutrally stratified, horizontally inhomogeneous atmospheric boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 24A, 1349-1360, doi:10.1016/0960-1686(90)90041-K.
6. Coon, M., R. Kwok, G. Levy, M. Pruis, H. Schreyer, and D. Sulsky, 2007: Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX) assumptions revisited and found inadequate. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11S90, doi:10.1029/2005JC003393.
7. Eicken, H., T. C. Grenfell, D. K. Perovich, J. A. Richter-Menge, and K. Frey, 2004: Hydraulic controls of summer Arctic pack ice albedo. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08007, doi:10.1029/2003JC001989.
8. Farrell, S., and Coauthors, 2012: A first assessment of IceBridge snow and ice thickness data over Arctic sea ice. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 50, 2098-2111, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2170843.
9. Feltham, D., 2008: Sea ice rheology. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 40, 91-112, doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102151.
10. Ferry, N., S.Masina, A. Storto, K. Haines,M. Valdivieso, B. Barnier, and J.-M. Molines, 2011: Product user manual global-reanalysisphys- 001-004. MyOcean Tech. Rep., 30 pp.
11. Fetterer, F., and N. Untersteiner, 1998: Observations of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C11), 24 821-24 835, doi:10.1029/98JC02034.
12. Fissel, D., J. R. Marko, and H. Melling, 2004: Upward looking ice profiler sonar instruments for ice thickness and topography measurements. Oceans '04: MTTS/IEEETechno-Ocean '04, 3, 1638-1643, doi:10.1109/OCEANS.2004.1406369.
13. Flato, G., and W. Hibler III, 1995: Ridging and strength in modeling the thickness distribution of Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C9), 18 611-18 626, doi:10.1029/95JC02091.
14. Flocco, D., and D. L. Feltham, 2007: A continuum model of melt pond evolution on Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C08016, doi:10.1029/2006JC003836.
15. Flocco, D., and D. L. Feltham, and A. K. Turner, 2010: Incorporation of a physically based melt pond scheme into the sea ice component of a climate model. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C08012, doi:10.1029/2009JC005568.
16. Flocco, D., D. Schroeder, D. L. Feltham, and E. C. Hunke, 2012: Impact of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice simulations from 1990 to 2007. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C09032, doi:10.1029/2012JC008195.
17. Fowler, C., 2003: Polar Pathfinder daily 25km EASE-grid sea ice motion vectors, version 2. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at http://nsidc. org/data/nsidc-0116.html.]
18. Garbrecht, T., C. Lüpkes, E. Augstein, and C. Wamser, 1999: Influence of a sea ice ridge on low-level airflow. J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D20), 24 499-24 507, doi:10.1029/1999JD900488.
19. Giles, K. A., S. W. Laxon, A. L. Ridout, D. J. Wingham, and S. Bacon, 2012: Western Arctic Ocean freshwater storage increased by wind-driven spin-up of the Beaufort Gyre. Nat. Geosci., 5, 194-197, doi:10.1038/ngeo1379.
20. Gill, A. E., 1982: Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Vol. 30. Academic Press, 662 pp.
21. Gimbert, F., N. C. Jourdain, D. Marsan, J. Weiss, and B. Barnier, 2012: Recent mechanical weakening of the Arctic sea ice cover as revealed from larger inertial oscillations. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C00J12, doi:10.1029/2011JC007633.
22. Guest, P. S., and K. L. Davidson, 1991: The aerodynamic roughness of different types of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C3), 4709- 4721, doi:10.1029/90JC02261.
23. Haas, C., 2004: EM ice thickness measurements during GreenICE 2004 field campaign. AWI Tech Rep. GreenICE Deliverable D11, 24 pp.
24. Haas, C., J. Lobach, S. Hendricks, L. Rabenstein, and A. Pfaffling, 2009: Helicopter-borne measurements of sea ice thickness, using a small and lightweight, digital EM system. J. Appl. Geophys., 67, 234-241, doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.05.005.
25. Hanssen-Bauer, I., and Y. T. Gjessing, 1988: Observations and model calculations of aerodynamic drag on sea ice in the Fram Strait. Tellus, 40A, 151-161, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.1988.tb00413.x.
26. Hartmann, J., C. Kottmeier, and C. Wamser, 1992: Radiation and Eddy Flux Experiment, 1991 (REFLEX 1). Berichte zur Polarforschung Series, Vol. 105, Alfred-Wegner-Institut, 72 pp.
27. Hibler,W., III, 1979:Adynamic thermodynamic sea icemodel. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 9, 815-846, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009,0815: ADTSIM.2.0.CO;2.
28. Hibler,W., 1980: Modeling a variable thickness sea ice cover. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108 (12), 1943-1973, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108,1943: MAVTSI.2.0.CO;2.
29. Hunke, E. C., 2010: Thickness sensitivities in the CICE sea ice model. Ocean Modell., 34, 137-149, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.05.004.
30. Hunke, E. C., and W. H. Lipscomb, 2010: CICE: The Los Alamos sea ice model documentation and software user's manual version 4.1. Los Alamos National Laboratory Tech. Rep. LA-CC-06-012, 76 pp.
31. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077,0437:TNYRP.2.0.CO;2.
32. Kauffman, B., and W. Large, 2002: The CCSM coupler version 5.01: Combined user's guide, source code reference, and scientific description. National Center for Atmospheric Research Tech. Rep., 47 pp.
33. Kottmeier, C., J. Hartmann, C. Wamser, A. Bochert, C. Freese, and W. Cohrs, 1994: Radiation and Eddy Flux Experiment 1993 (REFLEX II). Berichte zur Polarforschung Series, Vol. 133, Alfred-Wegner-Institut, 62 pp.
34. Kwok, R., and D. Sulsky, 2010: Arctic Ocean sea ice thickness and kinematics: Satellite retrievals and modeling. Oceanography, 23, 134-143, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.11.
35. Laxon, S. W., and Coauthors, 2013: CryoSat-2 estimates of Arctic sea ice thickness and volume. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 732-737, doi:10.1002/grl.50193.
36. Le, H., P. Moin, and J. Kim, 1997: Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a backward-facing step. J. Fluid Mech., 330, 349-374, doi:10.1017/S0022112096003941.
37. Leonardi, S., P. Orlandi, R. J. Smalley, L. Djenidi, and R. A. Antonia, 2003: Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow with transverse square bars on one wall. J. Fluid Mech., 491, 229-238, doi:10.1017/S0022112003005500.
38. Leppäranta, M., 2005: The Drift of Sea Ice. Springer Verlag, 266 pp.
39. Lipscomb, W., E. Hunke, W. Maslowski, and J. Jakacki, 2007: Ridging, strength, and stability in high-resolution sea ice models. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03S91, doi:10.1029/2005JC003355.
40. López, S., C. Lupkes, and K. Schlunzen, 2005: The effect of different k-closures on the results of a micro-scale model for the flow in the obstacle layer. Meteor. Z., 14, 839-848, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0084.
41. Lu, P., Z. Li, B. Cheng, and M. Leppranta, 2011: A parameterization of the ice-ocean drag coefficient. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C07019, doi:10.1029/2010JC006878.
42. Lüpkes, C., and G. Birnbaum, 2005: Surface drag in the Arctic marginal sea-ice zone: A comparison of different parameterisation concepts. Bound.-LayerMeteor., 117, 179-211, doi:10.1007/s10546-005-1445-8.
43. Lüpkes, C., V. M. Gryanik, J. Hartmann, and E. L Andreas, 2012: A parametrization, based on sea ice morphology, of the neutral atmospheric drag coefficients for weather prediction and climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 117, D13112, doi:10.1029/2012JD017630.
44. Lüpkes, C., V. M. Gryanik, A. Rösel, G. Birnbaum, and L. Kaleschke, 2013: Effect of sea ice morphology during Arctic summer on atmospheric drag coefficients used in climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 446-451, doi:10.1002/grl.50081.
45. Mai, S., C. Wamser, and C. Kottmeier, 1996: Geometric and aerodynamic roughness of sea ice. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 77, 233-248, doi:10.1007/BF00123526.
46. Martin, T., 2007: Arctic sea ice dynamics: Drift and ridging in numerical models and observations. Ph.D. thesis, Universität Bremen, 240 pp.
47. Martin, T., and R. Gerdes, 2007: Sea ice drift variability in Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project models and observations. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C04S10, doi:10.1029/2006JC003617. McPhee, M. G., 2008: Air-Ice-Ocean Interaction. Springer, 216 pp.
48. McPhee, M. G., 2008: Air-Ice-Ocean Interaction. Springer, 216 pp.
49. McPhee, M. G., 2012: Advances in understanding ice-ocean stress during and since AIDJEX. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 76-77, 24-36, doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.05.001.
50. Melling, H., P. H. Johnston, and D. A. Riedel, 1995: Measurements of the underside topography of sea ice by moored subsea sonar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 589-602, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012,0589:MOTUTO.2.0.CO;2.
51. Nägeli, W., 1946: Further investigation of the wind conditions in areaswith shelterbelts. Mitt. Schweiz.Anst. Fortstl., 24, 659-737.
52. Pite, H. D., D. R. Topham, and B. J. van Hardenberg, 1995: Laboratory measurements of the drag force on a family of twodimensional ice keel models in a two-layer flow. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 3008-3031, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025,3008: LMOTDF.2.0.CO;2.
53. Plate, E., and C. Lin, 1965: The velocity field downstream from a two-dimensional model hill. Part 2. Tech. Rep. DA AMC- 36-039-63-G7, 63 pp.
54. Rampal, P., J. Weiss, C. Dubois, and J.-M. Campin, 2011: IPCC climate models do not capture Arctic sea ice drift acceleration: Consequences in terms of projected sea ice thinning and decline. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00D07, doi:10.1029/2011JC007110.
55. Rothrock, D., 1975: The energetics of the plastic deformation of pack ice by ridging. J. Geophys. Res., 80 (33), 4514-4519, doi:10.1029/JC080i033p04514.
56. Schröder, D., T. Vihma, A. Kerber, and B. Brümmer, 2003: On the parameterization of turbulent surface fluxes over heterogeneous sea ice surfaces. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3195, doi:10.1029/2002JC001385.
57. Steele, M., J. H. Morison, and N. Untersteiner, 1989: The partition of air-ice-ocean momentum exchange as a function of ice concentration, roe size, and draft. J. Geophys. Res., 94 (C9), 12 739-12 750, doi:10.1029/JC094iC09p12739.
58. Steiner, N., M. Harder, and P. Lemke, 1999: Sea-ice roughness and drag coefficients in a dynamic thermodynamic seaice model for the arctic. Tellus, 51A, 964-978, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999.00029.x.
59. Stroeve, J., M. Serreze, M. Holland, J. Kay, J. Malanik, and A. Barrett, 2012: The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: A research synthesis. Climatic Change, 110, 1005-1027, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0101-1.
60. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Vol. 13. Springer, 666 pp.
61. Thorndike, A., D. Rothrock, G. Maykut, and R. Colony, 1975: The thickness distribution of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 80 (33), 4501-4513, doi:10.1029/JC080i033p04501.
62. Tremblay, L., and L. Mysak, 1997: Modeling sea ice as a granular material, including the dilatancy effect. J. Phys. Oceanogr.,27, 2342-2360, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027,2342:MSIAAG.2.0.CO;2.
63. Tsamados,M., D. L. Feltham, and A. V.Wilchinsky, 2013: Impact of a new anisotropic rheology on simulations of Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys.Res.Oceans, 118, 91-107, doi:10.1029/2012JC007990.
64. Vihma,T., 1995: Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum fluxes over polar oceans. J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C11), 22 625-22 646, doi:10.1029/95JC02498.
65. Wadhams, P., and T. Davy, 1986: On the spacing and draft distributions for pressure ridge keels. J. Geophys. Res., 91 (C9), 10 697-10 708, doi:10.1029/JC091iC09p10697.
66. Wadhams, P., J. P. Wilkinson, and A. Kaletzky, 2004: Sidescan sonar imagery of the winter marginal ice zone obtained from an AUV. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1462-1470, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021,1462:SSIOTW.2.0.CO;2.
67. Weiss, J., and D. Marsan, 2004: Scale properties of sea ice deformation and fracturing. C. R. Phys., 5, 735-751, doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2004.09.005.
68. Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock, 2003: Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 845-861, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131,0845:MGSIWA.2.0.CO;2.