Sea-ice roughness and drag coefficients in a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model for the Arctic

Tellus, Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 964-978

  Steiner, Nadja ^a   Harder, Markus ^a   Lemke, Peter ^a  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYER; CLIMATE; DRAG COEFFICIENT; SEA ICE; SURFACE ROUGHNESS;

ATMOSPHERE-ICE-OCEAN SYSTEM; BOUNDARY LAYER; CLIMATE MODELING; DRAG COEFFICIENT; SEA ICE; SURFACE ROUGHNESS;

ARCTIC;

EID: 0033392723     PISSN: 02806495     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/tellusa.v51i5.14505     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (60)

1. Andreas, E. L. 1995. Air-ice drag coefficients in the west-ern Weddell Sea 2. A model based on form drag and drifting snow. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C3), 4833-4843.
2. Arya, S. P. S. 1975. A drag partition theory for determining the large-scale roughness parameter and wind stress on the Arctic pack ice. J. Geophys. Res. 80, 3347-3454.
3. Banke, E. G., Smith, S. D. and Anderson, R. 1980. Drag coefficients at AIDJEX from sonic anemometer measurements. In: Sea ice processes and models (ed. Prichard, R. S.). Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle, 430-442.
4. Bourke, R. H. and McLaren, A. S. 1992. Contour mapping of Arctic basin ice draft and roughness parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 97(C11), 17,715-17,728.
5. Carlström, A. and Ulander, L. M. H. 1995. Validation of backscatter models for level and deformed sea ice in ERS-1 SAR images. Int. J. Rem. Sens. 16, 3245-3266.
6. Colony, R. L. and Rigor, I. 1995. Arctic ocean buoy data program report. Appl. Phys. Lab. Techn. Mem. APL-UW TM 10-91.
7. Davis, N. R. and Wadhams, P. 1995. A statistical analysis of Arctic pressure ridge morphology. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C6), 10,915-10,925.
8. Dierking, W. 1995. Laser profiling of the ice surface topography during the Winter Weddell Gyre Study 1992. J. Geophys. Res. 95(C3), 4807-4820.
9. Dierking, W., Carlström, A. and Ulander, L. M. H. 1997. The effect of inhomogeneous roughness on radar back-scattering from slightly deformed sea ice. Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens. 35, 147-159.
10. Eicken, H., Lensu, M., Leppäranta, M., Tucker II, W. B., Gow, A. J. and Salmela, O. 1995. Thickness, structure, and properties of level summer multiyear ice in the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C11), 22,697-22,710.
11. Flato, G. M. and Hibler, W. D. 1991. An initial numerical investigation of the extent of sea-ice ridging. Ann. Glaciol. 15, 31-36.
12. Haas, C., Gerland, S., Eicken, H. and Miller, H. 1997. Comparison of sea-ice thickness measurements under summer and winter conditions in the Arctic using a small electromagnetic induction device. Geophysics 62, 749-757.
13. Haas, C. and Lensu, M. 1997. Sea ice physical properties. In: The expedition Arctic '96 of RV Polarstern (ARK XII) with the Arctic climate system study (ACSYS) (ed. Augstein, E.). Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Bremerhaven. Rep. Pol. Res. 234, 27-33.
14. Haas, C., Liu, Q., Martin, T. and Miller, H. 1998a. Investigation of sea-ice thickness and pressure ridge statistics. In: Scientific report to the project: Remote sensing of sea-ice properties and processes FEME. German Federal Ministry of Education, Research and Technology, grant 03PL018B.
15. Haas, C., Thomas, D., Steffens, M. and Bareiss, J. 1998b. Physical and biological investigations of sea ice. In: The expedition ANTARKTIS-XIV of RV Polarstern in 1997, Report of Leg ANT-XIV/3, Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Bremerhaven. Rep. Pol. Res. 267, 18-30.
16. Harder, M. 1996. Dynamics, roughness, and age of Arctic sea ice - numerical investigations with a large-scale model. Rep. Pol. Res. 203. Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Bremerhaven.
17. Harder, M. 1997. Roughness, age and drift trajectories of sea ice in large-scale simulations and their use in model verifications. Ann. Glaciol. 25, 237-240.
18. Harder, M. and Lemke, P. 1994. Modelling the extent of sea-ice ridging in the Weddell Sea. In: The polar oceans and their role in shaping the global environment (eds. Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D. and Overland, J. E.). AGU. Geophys. Mon. 85, 187-197.
19. Harder, M., Lemke, P. and Hilmer, M. 1998. Simulation of sea-ice transport through Fram Strait: Natural variability and sensitivity to forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 103(C3), 5595-5606.
20. Hibler, W. D. 1979. A dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 9, 815-845.
21. Hibler, W. D. and Zhang, J. 1994. On the effect of ocean circulation on Arctic ice-margin variations. In: The polar oceans and their role in shaping the global environment (eds. Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D. and Overland, J. E.). AGU. Geophys. Mon. 85, 383-397.
22. Hilmer, M., Harder, M. and Lemke, P. 1998. Sea-ice transport through Fram Strait: a highly variable link between Arctic and North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25(17), 3359-3362.
23. Hopkins, M. A. 1994. On the ridging of intact lead ice. J. Geophys. Res. 99(C8), 16,351-16,360.
24. Hopkins, M. A. and Hibler, W. D. 1991. On the ridging of a thin sheet of lead ice. Ann. Glaciol. 15, 81-86.
25. Hopkins, M. A., Hibler, W. D. and Flato, G. M. 1991. On the numerical simulation of the sea ice ridging process. J Geophys. Res. 96(C3), 4809-4820.
26. Kovacs, A. 1971. On pressured sea ice. In: Sea ice (ed. Karlsson, T.). Reykjavik, Iceland, International Sea Ice Conference, 276-295.
27. Kreyscher, M. 1998. Dynamics of Arctic sea ice - validation of different rheology schemes for the use in climate models. Rep. Pol. Res. 291. Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI), Bremerhaven.
28. Kreyscher, M., Harder, M. and Lemke, P. 1997. First results of the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP). Ann. Glaciol. 25, 3-11.
29. Lemke, P., Hibler, W. D., Flato, G., Harder, M. and Kreyscher, M. 1997. On the improvements of sea ice models for climate simulations: the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project. Ann. Glaciol. 25, 183-187.
30. Leppäranta, M. 1981. An ice drift model for the Baltic Sea. Tellus 33, 583-596.
31. Liu, Q., Haas, C., Martin, T. and Augstein, E. 1998. Study of sea-ice pressure ridge distributions from in situ Laser Profiler. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic aperture radar. Friedrichshaven, Germany.
32. McLaren, A. S., Wadhams, P. and Weintraub, R. 1984. The sea-ice topography of M'Clure Strait in winter and summer of 1960 from submarine profiles. Arctic 37, 110-120.
33. Melling, H. and Riedel, D. A. 1995. The underside topography of sea ice over the continental shelf of the Beaufort Sea in the winter of 1990. J. Geophys. Res. 100(C7), 13,641-13,653.
34. NSIDC. 1998. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Submarine upward looking sonar ice draft profile data and statistics. Digital data available from nsidc@kryos.colorado.edu. NSIDC, University of Colorado at Boulder.
35. Omstedt, A. 1998. Freezing estuaries and semi-enclosed basins. In: Physics of ice covered seas, vol. 2 (ed. Leppäranta, M.). Department of Geophysics. University of Helsinki. PO Box 4. FIN-00014 Finland, 483-516.
36. Omstedt, A. and Svensson, U. 1992. On the melt rate of drifting ice heated from below. Cold Reg. Sci. Techn. 21, 91-100.
37. Overland, J. E. and Colony, R. L. 1994. Geostrophic drag coefficients for the central Arctic derived from Soviet drifting station data. Tellus 46A, 75-85.
38. Overland, J. E. and Davidson, K. L. 1992. Geostrophic drag coefficients over sea ice. Tellus 44A, 54-66.
39. Parkinson, C. L. and Washington, W. M. 1979. A large-scale numerical model of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 84(C1), 6787-6803.
40. Parmerter, R. R. and Coon, M. D. 1972. Model of pressure ridge formation in sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 77(33), 6565-6575.
41. Raupach, M. R., Gilette, D. A. and Leys, J. F. 1993. The effect of roughness elements on wind erosion threshold. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 3023-3029.
42. Romanov, I. P. 1995. Atlas of ice and snow of the Arctic Basin and Siberian Shelf Seas (ed. Tunic, A.). Backbone Publishing Company.
43. Rothrock, D. A. 1975. The energetics of plastic deformation of pack ice by ridging. J. Geophys. Res. 80(33), 4514-4519.
44. Rothrock, D. A. and Thorndike, A. S. 1980. Geometric properties of the underside of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 85(C7), 12,601-12,605.
45. Squire, V. A. 1998. The marginal ice zone. In: Physics of ice covered seas, vol. 1 (ed. Leppäranta, M.). Department of Geophysics. University of Helsinki. PO Box 4. FIN-00014 Finland, 483-516.
46. Steele, M., Morison, J. H. and Untersteiner, N. 1989. The partition of air-ice-ocean momentum exchange as a function of ice concentration, floe size and draft. J. Geophys. Res. 94(C9), 12,739-12,750.
47. Steiner, N. 1999. Sea ice roughness as a means to validate and optimize a large-scale sea ice model for the Arctic. PhD thesis, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Marine Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
48. Steiner, N., Harder, M. and Lemke, P. 1998a. Modelling sea-ice roughness in the Arctic. In: Ice physics and the natural environment (eds. Wettlaufer, J. S., Dash, J. G. and Untersteiner, N.). Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, vol. I, 341-346.
49. Steiner, N., Harder, M., Lemke, P. and Schuster, S. 1998b. Modelling sea-ice deformation in the Weddell Sea and in the Arctic. In: Scientific Report to the Project: Remote sensing of sea-ice properties and processes FEME. German Federal Ministry of Education, Research and Technology, Grant 03PL018A.
50. Thorndike, A. S. 1992. Estimates of sea-ice thickness distribution using observations and theory. J. Geophys. Res. 97(C8), 12,601-12,605.
51. Thorndike, A. S. and Colony, R. L. 1982. Sea ice motion in response to geostrophic winds. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 5845-5852.
52. Timco, G. W. and Burden, R. P. 1997. An analysis of the shapes of sea ice ridges. Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. 25, 65-77.
53. Tucker, W. B. 1989. An overview of the physical properties of sea ice. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Ice properties. Tech. Memo. 144 (NRCC 30358), 71-85. Assoc. Comm. on Geotech. Res., Natl. Res. Counc. Can.
54. Wadhams, P. 1980. A comparison of sonar and laser profiles along corresponding tracks in the Arctic Ocean. In: Sea ice processes and models (ed. Pritchard, R. S.). Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle, 283-299.
55. Wadhams, P. 1992. Sea-ice thickness distribution in the Greenland Sea and Eurasian Basin, May 1987. J. Geophys. Res. 97(C4), 5331-5348.
56. Wadhams, P. 1994. Sea-ice thickness changes and their relation to climate. In: The polar oceans and their role in shaping the global environment (eds. Johannessen, O. M., Muench, R. D. and Overland, J. E.). AGU. Geophys. Mon. 85, 337-361.
57. Wadhams, P. 1998. Sea ice morphology. In: Physics of ice covered seas, vol. 1 (ed. Leppäranta, M.). Department of Geophysics. University of Helsinki. PO Box 4. FIN-00014 Finland, 483-516.
58. Wadhams, P. and Home, J. 1980. An analysis of ice profiles obtained by submarine sonar in the Beaufort Sea. Journal of Glaciology 25, 401-424.
59. Weeks, W. F., Kovacs, A. and Hibler, W. D. 1971. Pressure ridge characteristics in the Arctic coastal environment. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Port and ocean engineering under arctic conditions (eds. Wetteland, S. S. and Bruun, P.) Technical University of Norway, Trondheim, vol. 1, 152-183.
60. Wittmann, W. I. and Schule, J. J. 1966. Comments on the mass budget of Arctic pack ice. In: Proceedings of the symposium on the arctic heat budget and atmospheric circulation (ed. Fletcher, J. O.). Rand Corp., Santa Monica, California, vol. RM-5237-NSF, 215-246.