Screening Mammography Benefit Controversies. Sorting the Evidence

Radiologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 52, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 455-480

  Feig, Stephen A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Benefit; Controversies; Mammography; Screening

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

AGE; BREAST CANCER; BREAST SURGERY; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SCREENING; CANCER SIZE; CANCER SURVIVAL; COMORBIDITY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; GROWTH RATE; HUMAN; IMAGE QUALITY; INCIDENTAL FINDING; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTRADUCTAL CARCINOMA; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; MEDICAL SOCIETY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; POPULATION BASED CASE CONTROL STUDY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREND STUDY; VALIDITY;

BENEFIT; CONTROVERSIES; MAMMOGRAPHY; SCREENING;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; COMORBIDITY; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MASS SCREENING; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84899701196     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: 15578275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2014.02.009     Document Type: Review

References (180)

1. Feig S.A. Adverse effects of screening mammography. Radiol Clin North Am 2004, 42(5):807-821.
2. Feig S.A. Cost-effectiveness of mammography, MRI, and ultrasonography for breast cancer screening. Radiol Clin North Am 2010, 48(5):879-891.
3. Seidman H., Gelb S.K., Silverberg E., et al. Survival experience in the breast cancer detection demonstration project. CA Cancer J Clin 1987, 37:258-290.
4. Smart C.R., Bryne C., Smith R.A., et al. Twenty year follow-up of the breast cancers diagnosed during the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. CA Cancer J Clin 1997, 47:134-149.
5. Ries L., Eisner M.P., Kosary C.L., et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1998 2001, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (MD).
6. Feig S.A. Methods to identify benefit from mammographic screening. Radiology 1996, 201:309-316.
7. Shapiro S., Venet W., Strax P., et al. Periodic screening for breast cancer, the health insurance plan project and its sequelae 1963-1976 1988, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (MD).
8. Tabar L., Vitak B., Chem J.J., et al. The Swedish Two-County Trial twenty years later. Radiol Clin North Am 2000, 38:625-652.
9. Tabar L., Vitak B., Chen T.H., et al. Swedish Two-County trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades. Radiology 2012, 260:658-663.
10. Tabar L., Fagerberg C.J., Gad A., et al. Reduction in mortality from breast cancer after mass screening with mammography. Randomized trial from the Breast Cancer Screening Working Group in the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Lancet 1985, 1:829-832.
11. Andersson I., Aspegren K., Janzon L., et al. Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malmo Mammographic Screening Trial. BMJ 1988, 297:943-948.
12. Andersson I., Nystrom L. Mammography screening. JNatl Cancer Inst 1995, 87:1263-1264.
13. Andersson I., Janzon L. Reduced breast cancer mortality in women under 50: updated results from the Malmo Mammographic Screening Program. JNatl Cancer Inst Monographs 1997, 22:63-68.
14. Nystrom L., Andersson I., Bjurstam N., et al. Long-term effects of mammography screening: updated overview of the Swedish randomized trials. Lancet 2002, 359:909-919.
15. Nystrom L. Screening mammography re-evaluated. Lancet 2002, 355:748-749. [letter to the editor].
16. Frisell J., Eklund G., Helistrom L., et al. Randomized study of mammography screening: preliminary report on mortality in the Stockholm trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991, 18:49-56.
17. Frisell J., Lidbrink E., Helistrom L., et al. Follow-up after 11 years: update of mortality results in the Stockholm mammographic screening trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997, 45:263-270.
18. Bjurstam N., Bjorneld L., Duffy S.W., et al. The Gothenburg Breast Screening Trial: first results on mortality, incidence, and mode of detection for women ages 39-49 years at randomization. Cancer 1997, 80:2091-2099.
19. Bjurstam N., Bjorneld L., Duffy S.W., et al. The Gothenburg Breast Screening Trial. Cancer 1998, 83:188-190. [authors' reply].
20. Bjurstam J., Bjorneld L., Warwick J., et al. The Gothenburg Breast Screening Trial. Cancer 2003, 97:2387-2396.
21. Roberts M.M., Alexamder F.E., Anderson T.J., et al. Edinburgh trial of screening for breast cancer: mortality at seven years. Lancet 1990, 335:241-246.
22. Alexander F.E., Anderson T.J., Brown H.K., et al. 14 years of follow-up from Edinburgh randomized trial of breast cancer screening. Lancet 1999, 353:1903-1908.
23. Moss S.M., Cuckle H., Evans A., et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40-49 years on breast cancer mortality at 10 years follow-up: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2006, 368:2053-2080.
24. Miller A.B., Baines C.J., To T., et al. Canadian National Breast Screening Study: 2. Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50-59 years. Can Med Assoc J 1992, 147:1477-1488. [Erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 1993:148;718].
25. Miller A.B., To T., Baines C.J., et al. Canadian National Breast Screening Study-2: 13-year results of a randomized trial in women aged 50-59 years. JNatl Cancer Inst 2000, 92:1490-1499.
26. Miller A.B., To T., Baines C.J., et al. The Canadian National Breast Screening Study-1: breast cancer mortality after 11 to 16 years of follow-up: a randomized screening trial of mammography in women age 40 to 49 years. Ann Intern Med 2002, 137:305-312.
27. Baines C.J., Miller A.B., Kopans D.B., et al. Canadian National Breast Screening Study: assessment of technical quality by external review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990, 155:743-747.
28. Kopans D.B. The Canadian Screening Program: a different perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990, 155:748-749.
29. Kopans D.B., Feig S.A. The Canadian National Breast Screening Study: a critical review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993, 161:755-760.
30. Warren-Burhenne L.J., Burhenne H.J. The Canadian National Breast Screening Study: a Canadian critique. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993, 161:761-763.
31. Bailar J.C., MacMahon B. Randomization in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: a review of evidence for subversion. Can Med Assoc J 1997, 156:193-199.
32. Boyd N.E., Jong R.A., Yaffe M.J., et al. Acritical appraisal of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Radiology 1993, 189:661-663.
33. Boyd N.F. The review of randomization in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: is the debate over?. Can Med Assoc J 1997, 156:207-209.
34. Sun J., Chapman J., Gordon R. Survival from primary breast cancer after routine clinical use of mammography. Breast J 2002, 8:199-208.
35. Mettlin C.J., Smart C.R. The Canadian National Breast Screening Study: an appraisal and implications for early detection policy. Cancer 1993, 72:1461-1465.
36. Tarone R.E. The excess of patients with advanced breast cancer in young women screened with mammography in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Cancer 1995, 75:997-1003.
37. Smith R.A., Duffy S.W., Gabe R., et al. The randomized trials of breast cancer screening: what have we learned?. Radiol Clin North Am 2004, 42:793-806.
38. Fletcher S.W., Black W., Harris R., et al. Report of the International Workshop on Screening for Breast Cancer. JNatl Cancer Inst 1993, 85:1644-1656.
39. Smith R.A. Breast cancer screening among women younger than age 50: a current assessment of the issues. CA Cancer J Clin 2000, 50:312-336.
40. Hurley S.F., Kaldor J.M. The benefits and risks of mammographic screening for breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1992, 14:101-130.
41. Chu K.C., Smart C.R., Rarone R.E. Analysis of breast cancer mortality and stage distribution by age for the Health Insurance Plan clinical trial. JNatl Cancer Inst 1998, 80:1125-1132.
42. Elwood J.M., Cox B., Richardson A.K. The effectiveness of breast cancer screening by mammography in younger women. Online J Curr Clin Trials 1993, February 25, Doc No 32.
43. Glaszion P.P., Woodward A.J., Mahon C.M. Mammographic screening trials for women under age 50:a quality assessment and meta-analysis. Med J Aust 1995, 162:625-629.
44. Kerlikowske K., Grady D., Rubin S.M., et al. Efficacy of screening mammography: a meta-analysis. JAMA 1995, 273:149-154.
45. Smart C.R., Hendrick R.E., Rutledge J.H., et al. Benefit of mammography screening in women ages 40 to 49 years: current evidence from randomized controlled trials. Cancer 1995, 75:1619-1626. [Erratum appears in Cancer 75:2788].
46. Breast-cancer screening with mammography in women aged 40-49 years. Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Int J Cancer 1996, 68:693-699. Falun Meeting Committee and Collaborators.
47. Hendrick R.E., Smith R.A., Rutledge J.H., et al. Benefit of screening mammography in women aged 40-49: a new meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1997, 33:87-92.
48. Wald N.J., Murphy P., Major P., et al. UKCCCR multicentre randomized controlled trial of one and two view mammography in breast cancer screening. BMJ 1995, 311:1189-1193.
49. Evans A.J., Kutt E., Record C., et al. Radiologic findings of screen-detected cancers in a multicentre randomized, controlled trial of mammographic screening in women from age 40 to 48 years. Clin Radiol 2006, 61:784-788.
50. Tabar L., Yen M.F., Vitak B., et al. Mammography service screening and mortality in breast cancer patients: 20-year follow-up before and after introduction of screening. Lancet 2003, 361:1405-1410.
51. Coldman A., Phillips N., Warren L., et al. Breast cancer mortality after screening mammography in British Columbia women. Int J Cancer 2007, 120:1076-1080.
52. US Bureau of the Census Statistical abstract of the United States 2012, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 212th edition.
53. Feig S.A. Mammographic screening of elderly women. JAMA 1996, 276:446.
54. Mandelblatt J.S., Wheat M.E., Monane M., et al. Breast cancer screening for elderly women with and without comorbid conditions. Ann Intern Med 1992, 116:722-730.
55. Yancik R., Reis L.G., Yates J.W. Breast cancer in women: a population based study of contrasts in stage, survival, and surgery. Cancer 1989, 163:976-981.
56. Faulk R.M., Sickles E.A., Sollitto R.A., et al. Clinical efficacy of mammographic screening in the elderly. Radiology 1995, 194:193-197.
57. Wilson T.E., Helvie M.A., August D.A. Breast cancer in the elderly patient: early detection with mammography. Radiology 1994, 190:203-207.
58. Constanza M.E. Issues in breast cancer screening in older women. Cancer 1994, 74:2009-2015.
59. Walter L.C., Covinsky K.E. Cancer screening in elderly patients: a frame-work for individual decision making. JAMA 2001, 285:2750-2756.
60. Conway B.J., Suleiman O.H., Reuter F.G., et al. National survey of mammographic facilities in 1985, 1988, and 1992. Radiology 1994, 191:323-330.
61. Haus A.G. Dedicated mammography x-ray equipment, screen-film processing-systems, and viewing conditions for mammography. Semin Breast Dis 1999, 2:30-54.
62. Feig S.A. Screening mammography: effect of image quality on clinical outcome. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002, 178:803-807.
63. Young K., Wallis M.G., Ramsdale M.L. Mammographic film density and detection of small breast cancers. Clin Radiol 1994, 49:461-465.
64. Glynn C.E., Farria D.M., Monsees B.S., et al. Effect of transition to digital mammography on clinical outcomes. Radiology 2011, 200(3):664-670.
65. Pisano E.D., Gatsonis C., Hendrick E., et al. Diagnostic performance of digital versus film mammography for breast cancer screening. NEngl J Med 2005, 363:1773-1783.
66. Andersson I., Hildell J., Muhlow A., et al. Number of projections in mammography: influence on detection of breast disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1978, 130:349-351.
67. Anttinen I., Pamilo M., Roiha M., et al. Baseline screening mammography with one versus two views. Eur J Radiol 1989, 9:241-243.
68. Bassett L.W., Bunnell D.H., Jahanshahi R., et al. Breast cancer detection: one versus two views. Radiology 1987, 165:95-97.
69. Muir B.B., Kirkpatrick A.E., Roberts M.M., et al. Oblique-view mammography adequacy for screening. Radiology 1984, 151:39-41.
70. Sickles E.A., Weber W.N., Galvin H.B., et al. Baseline screening mammography: one vs two views per breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986, 147:1149-1153.
71. Thurfjell G., Taube A., Tabar L. One-versus two-view mammography screening: a prospective population based study. Acta Radiol 1994, 35:340-344.
72. Humphrey L.L., Helfant M., Chan B.K., et al. Breast cancer screening: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002, 137:347-360.
73. Smith R.A., Saslow D., Sawyer K.A., et al. American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening: update 2003. CA Cancer J Clin 2003, 53:141-169.
74. Feig S.A. Determination of mammographic screening intervals with surrogate measures for women aged 40-49 years. Radiology 1994, 193:311-314.
75. Moskowitz M. Breast cancer: age specific growth rates and screening strategies. Radiology 1986, 161:37-41.
76. Pelikan S., Moskowitz M. Effects of lead-time, length bias, and false-negative reassurance on screening for breast cancer. Cancer 1993, 71:1998-2005.
77. Tabar L., Fagerberg G., Day N.E., et al. What is the optimum interval between screening examination? An analysis based on the latest results of the Swedish Two-County Breast Cancer Screening trial. Br J Cancer 1987, 55:47-51.
78. Michaelson J.S., Halpern E., Kopans D.B. Breast cancer computer simulation method for estimation of optimal intervals for screening. Radiology 1999, 212:551-560.
79. Feig S.A. Estimation of currently attainable benefit from mammographic screening of women aged 40-49 years. Cancer 1995, 75:2412-2419.
80. Feig S.A. Increased benefit from shorter screening mammography intervals for women ages 40-49 years. Cancer 1997, 80:2035-2039.
81. Tabar L., Fagerberg G., Chen H.H. Efficacy of breast cancer screening by age: new results from the Swedish Two-County Trial. Cancer 1995, 75:2507-2517.
82. Miettinen O.S., Henschke C.I., Pasmantier M.W., et al. Mammographic screening: no reliable supporting evidence?. Lancet 2002, 359:404-406.
83. Gotzsche P.C., Olsen O. Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable?. Lancet 2000, 355:129-134.
84. Olsen O., Gotzsche P.C. Cochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mammography. Lancet 2001, 358:1340-1342.
85. de Koning H.J. Assessment of nationwide cancer-screening programmes. Lancet 2000, 355:80-81.
86. Duffy S.W. Interpretation of the breast screening trials: a commentary on the recent paper by Gotzsche and Olsen. Breast 2001, 10:209-212.
87. Feig S.A. How reliable is the evidence for screening mammography?. Recent Results Cancer Res 2003, 163:129-139.
88. Tabar L., Fagerberg G., Duffy S.W., et al. The Swedish Two County trial of mammographic screening for breast cancer: recent results and calculation of benefit. JEpidemiol Community Health 1989, 43:107-114.
89. Nystrom L., Larsson L.G., Rutqvist L.E., et al. Determination of cause of death among breast cancer cases in the Swedish randomized mammography screening trials. A comparison between official statistics and validation by an endpoint committee. Acta Oncol 1995, 34:145-152.
90. Tabar L., Duffy S.W., Yen M.F., et al. All cause mortality among breast cancer patients in a screening trial:support for breast cancer mortality as an end point. JMed Screen 2002, 9:159-162.
91. Sjonell G., Stahle L. Mammography screening does not reduce breast cancer mortality. Lakartidningen 1999, 96:904-913. [in Swedish].
92. Swedish Board of Health and Welfare. Vilka Effekter Har Mammografic screening?. Referat av ett expertmote anordnat av Socialstyrelsen och ancerfonden I; Stockholm den 15 February 2002.
93. Rosen M., Rehnqvist N. No need to reconsider breast screening programme on basis of results from defective study. BMJ 1999, 318:809-810. [letter to the editor].
94. Health Council of the Netherlands The benefit of population screening for breast cancer with mammography 2002, Health Council of the Netherlands, The Hague (The Netherlands).
95. Veronisi U., Forrest P., Wood W. Statement from the chair: global Summit on Mammographic Screening 2002, European Institute of Oncology, Milan (Italy).
96. International Agency for Research on Cancer Mammography screening can reduce deaths from breast cancer 2002, IARC Press, Lyon (France).
97. Feig S.A. Effect of service screening mammography on population mortality from breast carcinoma. Cancer 2002, 95:451-457.
98. Broeders M., Moss S., Nystrom L., et al. The impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in Europe: a review of observational studies. JMed Screen 2012, 19(Suppl 1):14-25.
99. Tabar L., Vitak B., Chen H.H., et al. Beyond randomized controlled trials: organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality. Cancer 2001, 91:1724-1731.
100. Duffy S.W., Tabar L., Chen H.H., et al. The impact of organized mammography service screening on breast cancer mortality in seven Swedish counties: a collaborative evaluation. Cancer 2002, 95:458-469.
101. Sarkeala T., Heinavaara S., Anttila A. Breast cancer mortality with varying invitational policies in organized mammography. Br J Cancer 2008, 98:641-645.
102. Hakama M., Pukkala E., Heikkila M., et al. Effectiveness of the public health policy for breast cancer screening in Finland: population based cohort study. BMJ 1997, 314:864-867.
103. Olsen A.H., Njor S.H., Vejborg I., et al. Breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen after the introduction of mammography screening: a cohort study. BMJ 2005, 330:220.
104. Paci E., Giorgi D., Bianchi S., et al. Assessment of the early impact of the population-based breast cancer screening programme in Florence (Italy) using mortality and surrogate measures. Eur J Cancer 2002, 38:568-573.
105. Puliti D., Zappa M., Miccinesi G., et al. An estimate of overdiagnosis 15 years after the start of mammographic screening in Florence. Eur J Cancer 2009, 45:3166-3171.
106. Kalager M., Zelen M., Langmark F., et al. Effect of screening mammography on breast-cancer mortality in Norway. NEngl J Med 2010, 363:1203-1210.
107. Ascunce E.N., Moreno-Iribas C., Barcos Urtiaga A., et al. Changes in breast cancer mortality in Navarre (Spain) after introduction of a screening programme. JMed Screen 2007, 14:14-20.
108. Swedish Organised Service Screening Evaluation Group Reduction in breast cancer mortality from organized service screening with mammography: 1. Further confirmation with extended data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006, 15:45-51.
109. Morrison A.S. Screening for chronic disease 1992, Oxford University Press, New York. 2nd edition.
110. Gabe R., Tryggvadottir L., Sigfusson B.F., et al. Acase-control study to estimate the impact of the Icelandic population-based mammography screening program on breast cancer death. Acta Radiol 2007, 48:948-955.
111. Puliti D., Miccinese G., Collina N., et al. Effectiveness of service screening: a case-control study to assess breast cancer mortality reduction. Br J Cancer 2008, 99:423-427.
112. Otto S.J., Fracheboud J., Looman C.W., et al. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet 2003, 361:1411-1417.
113. Otto S.J., Fracheboud J., Verbeek A.L., et al. Mammography screening and risk of breast cancer death: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012, 21:66-73.
114. van Schoor G., Moss S.M., Otten J.D., et al. Increasingly strong reduction in breast cancer mortality due to screening. Br J Cancer 2011, 104:910-914.
115. Paap E., Holland R., den Heeten G.J., et al. Aremarkable reduction of breast cancer deaths in screened vs unscreened women: a case referent study. Cancer Causes Control 2010, 21:1569-1573.
116. Broeders M.J., Verbeek A.L., Straatman H., et al. Repeated mammographic screening reduces breast cancer mortality along the continuum of age. JMed Screen 2002, 9:163-167.
117. Allgood P.C., Warwick J., Warren R.M., et al. Acase-control study of the impact of the East Anglian breast screening programme on breast cancer mortality. Br J Cancer 2008, 98:206-209.
118. Fielder H.M., Warwick J., Brook D., et al. Acase-control study to estimate the impact on breast cancer death of the breast screening programme in Wales. JMed Screen 2004, 11:194-198.
119. Gorini G., Zappa M., Miccinesi G., et al. Breast cancer mortality trends in two areas of the province of Florence, Italy, where screening programmes started in the 1970s and 1990s. Br J Cancer 2004, 90:1-4.
120. Barchielli A., Paci E. Trends in breast cancer mortality, incidence, and survival, and mammographic screening in Tuscany, Italy. Cancer Causes Control 2001, 12:249-255.
121. Duffy S.W., Tabar L., Olsen A.H., et al. Absolute numbers of lives saved and overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening, from a randomized trial and from the Breast Screening Programme in England. JMed Screen 2010, 17:25-30.
122. Jergensen K.J., Zahl P.H., Gotzsche P.C. Breast cancer mortality in organized mammography screening in Denmark: comparative study. BMJ 2010, 340:c1241.
123. Otten J.D., Broeders M.J., Fracheboud J., et al. Impressive time-related influence of the Dutch screening programme on breast cancer incidence and mortality, 1975-2006. Int J Cancer 2008, 123:1929-1934.
124. Ugarte M.D., Goicoa T., Etxeberria J., et al. Age-specificspatio-temporal patterns of female breast cancer mortality in Spain (1975-2005). Ann Epidemiol 2010, 20:906-916.
125. American Cancer Society Cancer prevention and early detection facts and figures, 2011-2012 2013, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (GA).
126. Available at: Accessed March 10, 2010. http://seer.cancercgov/statfacts/html/breast.html.
127. Welch H.G. Screening mammography-a long runfor a short slide?. NEngl J Med 2010, 363:1276-1278.
128. Hellquist B.N., Duffy S.W., Abdsaleh S., et al. Effectiveness of populations-based service screening with mammography for women ages 40-49 years: evaluation of the Swedish Mammography Screening in Young Women (SCRY) cohort. Cancer 2011, 117:714-722.
129. Jonsson H., Bordas P., Wallin H., et al. Service screening with mammography in Northern Sweden: effects on breast cancer mortality-an update. JMed Screen 2007, 14:87-93.
130. Jonsson H., Nystrom L., Tornberg S., et al. Service screening with mammography of women aged 50-69 years in Sweden: effects on mortality from breast cancer. JMed Screen 2001, 8:152-160.
131. Jonsson H., Nystrom L., Tornberg S., et al. Service screening with mammography. Long-term effects on breast cancer mortality in the county of Gavleborg, Sweden. Breast 2003, 12:183-193.
132. Yen A.M., Duffy S.W., Chen T.H., et al. Long-term incidence of breast cancer by trial arm in one county of the Swedish Two County Trial of Mammography screening. Cancer 2012, 118:5728-5732.
133. Puliti D., Duffy S.W., Miccinesi G., et al. Overdiagnosis in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review. JMed Screen 2012, 191:42-56.
134. de Gelder R., Heijnsdijk E.A., van Ravesteyn N.T., et al. Interpreting overdiagnosis estimates in population-based mammography screening. Epidemiol Rev 2011, 33:111-121.
135. Paci E., Miccinesi G., Puliti D., et al. Estimate of overdiagnosis of breast cancer due to mammography after adjustment for lead time. A service screening study in Italy. Breast Cancer Res 2006, 8:R68.
136. Olsen A.H., Agbaje O.F., Myles J.P., et al. Overdiagnosis, sojourn time, and sensitivity in the Copenhagen mammography screening program. Breast J 2006, 12:338-342.
137. Waller M., Moss S., Watson J., et al. The effect of mammographic screening and hormone replacement therapy use on breast cancer incidence in England and Wales. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007, 16:2257-2261.
138. Tabar L., Duffy S., Vitak B., et al. The natural history of breast cancer. What have we learned from screening?. Cancer 1999, 86:449-462.
139. Duffy S.W., Parmar D. Overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening: the importance of length of observation period and lead time. Breast Cancer Res 2013, 15:R41.
140. Kalager M., Adami H., Bretthauer M., et al. Overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer due to mammography screening: results from the Norwegian screening program. Ann Intern Med 2010, 156:491-499.
141. Bleyer A., Welch H.G. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast cancer incidence. NEngl J Med 2012, 367(2):1998-2005.
142. Garfinkel L., Boring C.C., Heath C.W. Changing trends: an overview of breast cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer 1994, 79(Suppl):222-227.
143. Kopans D.B. The New England Journal of Medicine article suggesting overdiagnosis from mammography screening is scientifically incorrect and should be withdrawn. JAm Coll Radiol 2013, 10(5):317-319.
144. Esserman L., Shieh Y., Thompson I. Rethinking screening for breast cancer and prostate cancer. JAMA 2009, 302(15):1685-1692.
145. Feig S.A. Ductal carcinoma in situ: implications for screening mammography. Radiol Clin North Am 2000, 38:653-668.
146. Lagios M.D., Margolin F.R., Westdahl P.R., et al. Mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ. Frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on recurrence. Cancer 1989, 63:618-624.
147. Schwartz G.F., Finkel G.C., Garcia J.C., et al. Subclinical ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Treatment by local excision and surveillance along. Cancer 1992, 70:2468-2474.
148. Silverstein M., Waisman J.R., Gamigami P., et al. Intraductal carcinoma of the breast (208 cases): clinical factors influencing treatment choice. Cancer 1990, 66:102-108.
149. Yen M.F., Tabar L., Smith R.A., et al. Quantifying the potential problem of overdiagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ in breast cancer screening. Eur J Cancer 2003, 39:1746-1754.
150. UK National Health Service. NHS Breast Screening Programme and Association of Breast Surgery at British Association of Surgical Oncology: an audit of screen detected breast cancers for the year of screening April 2007 to March 2008. UK West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit;2009.
151. McCann J., Treasure P., Duffy S.W. Modeling the impact of detecting and treating ductal carcinoma in situ in a breast screening programme. JMed Screen 2004, 11:117-125.
152. Duffy S.W., Chen H.H., Tabar L., et al. Estimation of mean sojourn time in breast cancer screening using a Markov chain model of both entry to and exit from the preclinical detectable phase. Stat Med 1995, 14:1521-1543.
153. Chen H.H., Duffy S.W., Tabar L., et al. Markov chain models for progression of breast cancer. Part I: tumor attributes and the preclinical screen-detectable phase. JEpidemiol Biostat 1997, 2:9-25.
154. Chen H.H., Duffy S.W., Tabar L., et al. Markov chain models for progression of breast cancer. Part II: prediction of outcomes for different screening regimes. JEpidemiol Biostat 1997, 2:25-35.
155. White E., Miglioretti D.L., Yankaska B.C., et al. Biennial versus annual mammography and the risk of late-stage breast cancer. JNatl Cancer Inst 2004, 96(24):1832-1839.
156. Kerlikowske K., Zhu W., Hubbard R.A., et al. Outcome of screening mammography by frequency, breast density, and postmenopausal hormone therapy. JAMA Intern Med 2013, 173(9):807-815.
157. Ontilo A.A., Engel J.M., Liang H., et al. Mammographic utilization: patient characteristics and breast cancer stage at diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013, 201:1057-1063.
158. Hunt K.A., Rosen E.L., Sickles E.A. Outcome analysis for women undergoing annual versus biennial screening mammography: a review of 23,211 examinations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999, 173:285-289.
159. Parvinen I., Chiu S., Pylkkanen L., et al. Effects of annual vs triennial mammography interval on breast cancer incidence and mortality in ages 40-49 in Finland. Br J Cancer 2011, 105:1388-1391.
160. Meyer J.E., Kopans D.B. Stability of a mammographic mass: a false sense of security. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981, 137:595-598.
161. Lev-Toaff A.S., Feig S.A., Saitas V.L., et al. Stability of malignant breast microcalcifications. Radiology 1994, 192:153-156.
162. Feig S.A. Carcinoma without interval change. Breast disease (third series, test and syllabus) 1999, 167-179. American College of Radiology, Reston (VA). L.W. Bassett, S.A. Feig, R.E. Hendrick (Eds.).
163. Field L.R., Wilson T.E., Strawderman M., et al. Mammographic screening in women more than64 years old: a comparison of 1- and 2-year intervals. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998, 170:961-965.
164. US Preventive Services Task Force Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:716-726.
165. Nelson H.D., Tyne K., Naik A., US Preventive Services Task Force, et al. Screening for breast cancer: an update for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:727-737.
166. Seidman H., Stellman S.D., Mushinski M.H. Adifferent perspective on breast cancer risk factors: some implications of nonattributable risk. Cancer 1982, 32:301-313.
167. Smith R.A. Risk-based screening for breast cancer: is there a practical strategy?. Semin Breast Dis 1992, 2:280-291.
168. Lee C.H., Dershaw D.D., Kopans D., et al. Breast cancer screening with imaging: recommendation from the Society of Breast Imaging and the ACR on the use of mammography, breast MRI, breast ultrasound, and other technologies for the detection of clinically occult breast cancer. JAm Coll Radiol 2010, 7:18-27.
169. ACOG practice bulletin no. 122. Breast Cancer Screening. Obstet Gynecol 2011, 118:372-382. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Breast Cancer Screening (ACOG).
170. Szabo L. Women are insistent on mammograms, poll shows 2009, A1. USA Today, McLean (VA).
171. Sack K., Kolata G. Breast cancer screening policy won't change, US officials say 2009, New York Times, New York, A1, A3.
172. Mandelblatt J.S., Cronin K.A., Bailey S., Breast Cancer Working Group of the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network, et al. Effects of mammography screening under different screening schedules: model estimates of potential benefits and harms. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:738-747.
173. Kerlikowske K. Evidence-based breast cancer prevention: the importance of individual risk. Ann Intern Med 2009, 151:750-752.
174. Schwartz L.M., Woloshin S., Fowler F.J., et al. Enthusiasm for cancer screening in the United States. JAMA 2004, 291:71-78.
175. Schwartz L.M., Woloshin S., Sox H.C., et al. US women's attitudes to false-positive mammography results and detection of ductal carcinoma in situ: cross sectional survey. BMJ 2000, 320:1635-1640.
176. Feig S.A. Number needed to screen: appropriate use of this new basis for screening mammography guidelines. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012, 198(5):1214-1217.
177. Hendrick R.E., Helvie M.A. Mammography screening: a new estimate of number needed to screen to prevent one breast cancer death. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012, 198(3):723-728.
178. O'Donoghue C., Eklund M., Ozanne E.M., et al. Aggregate cost of mammography screening in the United States: comparison of current practice and advocated guidelines. Ann Intern Med 2014, 160:145-153.
179. Elmore J.G. The cost of breast cancer screening in the United States: a picture is worth. a billion dollars?. Ann Intern Med 2014, 160:203-204.
180. Rosenquist C.J., Lindfors K.K. Screening mammography beginning at age 40 years: a reappraisal of cost-effectiveness. Cancer 1998, 82:2235-2240.