The effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance: A systematic review of the literature

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 14-27

  Quesnele, Jairus J ^a   Laframboise, Michelle A ^a   Wong, Jessica J ^a   Kim, Peter ^a   Wells, Greg D ^b  

^a CANADIAN MEMORIAL CHIROPRACTIC COLLEGE   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aerobic; Anaerobic; Athletic; Ergogenic; Exercise

Indexed keywords

BETA ALANINE; LACTIC ACID; CARNOSINE;

AEROBIC CAPACITY; AEROBIC METABOLISM; ANAEROBIC CAPACITY; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG EFFECT; EXERCISE; EXHAUSTION; FATIGUE; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INTERNAL VALIDITY; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PARESTHESIA; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESISTANCE TRAINING; STRENGTH; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WEAKNESS; WORK CAPACITY; BLOOD; BODY COMPOSITION; DRUG EFFECTS; ENDURANCE; PHYSIOLOGY; SPORT;

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BETA-ALANINE; BODY COMPOSITION; CARNOSINE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; EXERCISE; FATIGUE; HUMANS; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; SPORTS;

EID: 84899580639     PISSN: 1526484X     EISSN: 15432742     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0007     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Allen, D.G., Lännergren, J., & Westerblad, H. (1995). Muscle cell function during prolonged activity: cellular mechanisms of fatigue. Experimental Physiology, 80(4), 497-527 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/7576593. PubMed
2. Artioli, G.G., Gualano, B., Smith, A., Stout, J., & Lancha, A.H. (2010). Role of B-Alanine Supplementation on Muscle Carnosine and Exericse Performance. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 75, 1162-1173.
3. Baguet, A., Bourgois, J., Vanhee, L., Achten, E., & Derave, W. (2010a). Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing performance. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 109(4), 1096-1101.
4. Baguet, A., Koppo, K., Pottier, A., & Derave, W. (2010b). Beta-alanine supplementation reduces acidosis but not oxygen uptake response during high-intensity cycling exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(3), 495-503. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1225-0
5. Campbell, B.I., Wilborn, C.D., & La Bounty, P.M. (2010). Supplements for strength-power athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 32(1), 93-100 (Allen Press) Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=rzh&AN=2010558717&site=ehost-live. doi:10.1519/SSC. 0b013e3181c212b9
6. Castell, L.M., Burke, L.M., Stear, S.J., McNaughton, L.R., & Harris, R.C. (2010). BJSM reviews: A-Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance Part 5. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(1), 77-78. PubMed doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009. 069989
7. Chung, W., Shaw, G., Anderson, M.E., Pyne, D.B., Saunders, P.U., Bishop, D.J., & Burke, L.M. (2012). Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients, 4, 1441-1453. PubMed doi:10.3390/nu4101441
8. Culbertson, J.Y., Kreider, R.B., Greenwood, M., & Cooke, M. (2010). Effects of beta-alanine on muscle carnosine and exercise performance: a review of the current literature. Nutrients, 2(1), 75-98. PubMed doi:10.3390/nu2010075
9. Décombaz, J., Beaumont, M., Vuichoud, J., Bouisset, F., & Stellingwerff, T. (2012). Effect of slow-release b-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids, 43(1), 67-76. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1169-7
10. Deldicque, L., & Francaux, M. (2008). Functional food for exercise performance: fact or foe? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 11(6), 774-781 Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=mnh&AN=18827583&site=ehost-live. PubMed doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283139489
11. del Favero, S., Roschel, H., Solis, M.Y., Hayashi, A.P., Artioli, G.G., Otaduy, M.C., . . . Gualano, B. (2012). Beta-alanine (Carnosyn) supplementation in elderly subjects (60-80 years): effects on muscle carnosine content and physical capacity. Amino Acids, 43, 49-56. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1190-x
12. Derave, W., Everaert, I., Beeckman, S., & Baguet, A. (2010). Muscle Carnosine Metabolism and b-Alanine Supplementation in Relation to Exercise and Training. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 40(3), 247-263. PubMed doi:10.2165/11530310-000000000-00000
13. Derave, W., Ozdemir, M. S., Harris, R. C., Pottier, A., Reyngoudt, H., Koppo, K., ...Achten, E. (2007). beta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 103(5), 1736-1743.
14. Egger, M., Ebrahim, S., & Smith, G.D. (2002). Where now for meta-analysis? International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 1-5. PubMed doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.1
15. Harris, R. C., Tallon, M. J., Dunnett, M., Boobis, L., Coakley, J., Kim, H.J. ...Wise, J.A. (2006). The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids, 30(3), 279-289. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0299-9
16. Hill, C.A., Harris, R.C., Kim, H.J., Harris, B.D., Sale, C., Boobis, L.H., . . . Wise, J.A. (2007). Influence of betaalanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids, 32(2), 225-233. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0364-4
17. Hobson, R.M., Saunders, B., Ball, G., Harris, R.C., & Sale, C. (2012). Effects of b-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. Amino Acids, 43(1), 25-37. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z
18. Hoffman, J.R., Emerson, N.S., & Stout, J.R. (2012). β-Alanine supplementation. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 11(4), 189-195.
19. Hoffman, J.R., Ratamess, N.A., Faigenbaum, A.D., Ross, R., Kang, J., Stout, J.R., & Wise, J.A. (2008a). Short-duration beta-alanine supplementation increases training volume and reduces subjective feelings of fatigue in college football players. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.), 28(1), 31-35. PubMed doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2007.11.004
20. Hoffman, J., Ratamess, N.A., Ross, R., Kang, J., Magrelli, J., Neese, K., & Wise, J.A. (2008b). Beta-alanine and the hormonal response to exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(12), 952-958. PubMed doi:10.1055/s-2008-1038678
21. Jagim, A. (2010). Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Sprint Endurance. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, United States of America.
22. Hoffman, J., Ratamess, N., Kang, J., Mangine, G., Faigenbaum, A., & Stout, J. (2006). Effect of creatine and beta-alanine supplementation on performance and endocrine responses in strength/power athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(4), 430-446 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17136944. PubMed
23. Jordan, T., Lukaszuk, J., Misic, M., & Umoren, J. (2010). Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) during treadmill running: Pre/post 2 treatment experimental design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7, 20. PubMed doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-20
24. Kendrick, I. P., Harris, R. C., Kim, H. J., Kim, C. K., Dang, V. H., Lam, T.Q.,.... Wise, J.A. (2008). The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with beta-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body composition. Amino Acids, 34(4), 547-554. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-007-0008-3
25. Kern, B.D., & Robinson, T. (2011). Effects of B-Alanine Supplementation on Performance and Body Composition in Collegiate Wrestlers and Football Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1804-1815. PubMed doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e741cf
26. Maher, C.G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R.D., Moseley, A.M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713-721 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12882612. PubMed
27. Merlin, T., Weston, A., & Tooher, R. (2009). Extending an evidence hierarchy to include topics other than treatment: revising the Australian ' levels of evidence '. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 9, 34. PubMed
28. Messinger-Rapport, B. (2010). What's new in treating older adults? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 77(11), 770-790.
29. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D.G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(4), 264-269. PubMed doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135
30. Sale, C., Saunders, B., & Harris, R.C. (2010). Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performance. Amino Acids, 39(2), 321-333. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-009-0443-4
31. Sale, C., Saunders, B., Hudson, S., Wise, J.A., Harris, R.C., & Sunderland, C.D. (2011). Effect of β-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate on high-intensity cycling capacity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(10), 1972-1978. PubMed
32. Schulz, K.F., Chalmers, I., Hayes, R.J., & Altman, D.G. (1995). Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 408-412. PubMed doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030
33. Shea, B.J., Grimshaw, J.M., Wells, G.A., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Hamel, C., . . . Bouter, L.M. (2007). Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7, 10. PubMed doi:10.1186/1471-2288-7-10
34. Silva, A., Serrão, P.R.M.S., Driusso, P., & Mattiello, S.M. (2012). The effects of therapeutic exercise on the balance of women with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia (São Carlos (São Paulo, Brazil)), 16(1), 1-9. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22441221
35. Smith, A.E., Moon, J.R., Kendall, K.L., Graef, J.L., Lockwood, C.M., Walter, A.A., . . . Stout, J.R. (2009a). The effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on neuromuscular fatigue and muscle function. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(3), 357-363. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0911-7
36. Smith, A.E., Walter, A.A., Graef, J.L., Kendall, K.L., Moon, J.R., Lockwood, C.M., . . . Stout, J.R. (2009b). Effects of beta-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men: A double-blind trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 6, 5. PubMed doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-5
37. Smith-Ryan, A.E., Fukuda, D.H., Stout, J.R., & Kendall, K.L. (2012). High-velocity intermittent running: effects of beta-alanine supplementation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(10), 2798-2805. PubMed doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318267922b
38. Spradley, B.D., Crowley, K.R., Tai, C-Y., Kendall, K.L., Fukuda, D.H., Esposito, E.N., . . . Moon, J.R. (2012). Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutrition & Metabolism, 9, 28. PubMed
39. Stellingwerff, T., Boit, M.K., & Res, P.T. (2007). Nutritional strategies to optimize training and racing in middle-distance athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(Suppl. 1), S17-S28. PubMed doi:10.1080/02640410701607213
40. Stout, J.R., Graves, B.S., Smith, A.E., Hartman, M.J., Cramer, J.T., Beck, T.W., & Harris, R.C. (2008). The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55-92 years): A double-blind randomized study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 5, 21. PubMed doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21
41. Stout, J.R., Cramer, J.T., Zoeller, R.F., Torok, D., Costa, P., Hoffman, J.R., . . . O'Kroy, J. (2007). Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women. Amino Acids, 32(3), 381-386. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0474-z
42. Stout, Jeffrey R. (n.d.). Beta-Alanine: The new kid on the ergogenic block. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(6), 90-91.
43. Stout, J.R., Cramer, J.T., Mielke, M., O'Kroy, J., Torok, D.J., & Zoeller, R.F. (2006). Effects of Twenty-Eight Days of Beta-Alanine and Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on the Physical Working Capacity at Neuromuscular Fatigue Threshold. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 928-931. PubMed
44. Sweeney, K.M., Wright, G.A., Glenn Brice, A., & Doberstein, S.T. (2010). The effect of b-Alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 79-87. PubMed doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c63bd5
45. Teasell, R., Bayona, N., Marshall, S., Cullen, N., Bayley, M., Chundamala, J., . . . Tu, L. (2007). A systematic review of the rehabilitation of moderate to severe acquired brain injuries. Brain Injury:[BI], 21(2), 107-112.
46. Tipton, K. D., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Hespel, P. (2007). Nutrition for the sprinter. Journal of sports sciences, 25 Suppl. 1, S5-15. doi:101080/02640410701607205
47. Van Thienen, R., Van Proeyen, K., Vanden Eynde, B., Puype, J., Lefere, T., & Hespel, P. (2009). Beta-alanine improves sprint performance in endurance cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(4), 898-903. PubMed doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818db708
48. Walter, A.A., Smith, A.E., Kendall., K.L., Stout, J.R., Cramer, J.T. (2010). Six weeks of high-intensity interval training with and without beta-alanine supplementation for improving cardiovascular fitness in women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1199-1207. PubMed doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d82f8b
49. Wilson, J.M., Wilson, G.J., Zourdos, M.C., Smith, A.E., & Stout, J.R. (2010). Beta-alanine supplementation improves aerobic and anaerobic indices of performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 32(1), 71-78 (Allen Press) Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db= rzh&AN=2010558714&site=ehost-live. doi:10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181c20875
50. Zoeller, R.F., Stout, J.R., O'Kroy, J.A., Torok, D.J., & Mielke, M. (2007). Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilatory and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids, 33(3), 505-510. PubMed doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0399-6