In vitro bioassays for detecting dioxin-like activity - Application potentials and limits of detection, a review

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 487, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 37-48

  Eichbaum, Kathrin ^a   Brinkmann, Markus ^a   Buchinger, Sebastian ^b   Reifferscheid, Georg ^b   Hecker, Markus ^c   Giesy, John P ^c,d,e,f,g   Engwall, Magnus ^h   Van Bavel, Bert ^h   Hollert, Henner ^a,i,j,k  

^a RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY   (Germany)

^c University of Saskatchewan   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^e MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^g UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^h ÖREBRO UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

ⁱ Tongji University   (China)

^j CHONGQING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^k NANJING UNIVERSITY   (China)

more..

Author keywords

Dioxin; Effect directed analysis; Exposure characterization; LOD; TEQ approach

Indexed keywords

CELL CULTURE; CHEMICAL DETECTION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY;

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS; DIOXIN; EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRIES (GC-MS); LOD; TEQ-APPROACH;

BIOASSAY;

AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P450 1A; DIOXIN; DIOXIN LIKE CHEMICAL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BIOASSAY; DETECTION METHOD; DIOXIN; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; TOXICOLOGY;

AIR ANALYSIS; ANIMAL FOOD; BIOASSAY; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CELL LINE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENZYME INHIBITION; FOOD ANALYSIS; IN VITRO STUDY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LIMIT OF DETECTION; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; POLLUTION MONITORING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; REPORTER GENE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEDIMENT; SLUDGE; SOIL ANALYSIS; STANDARDIZATION; TOXICITY TESTING; WATER ANALYSIS;

DIOXIN; EFFECT DIRECTED ANALYSIS; EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION; LOD; TEQ-APPROACH;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; CARCINOGENS; DIOXINS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LIMIT OF DETECTION; RATS;

EID: 84899069543     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.057     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Aarts J.M.M.J.G., Denison M.S., Cox M.A., Schalk M.A.C., Garrison P.M., Tullis K., et al. Species-specific antagonism of Ah receptor action by 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro- and 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachlorobiphenyl. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1995, 293:463-474.
2. Ahlborg U.G., Becking G.C., Birnbaum L.S., Brouwer A., Derks H., Feeley M., et al. Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs: Report on WHO-ECEH and IPCS consultation, December 1993. Chemosphere 1994, 28:1049-1067.
3. Anderson J.W., Zeng E.Y., Jones J.M. Correlation between response of human cell line and distribution of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls on Palos Verdes Shelf, California. USA Environ Toxicol Chem 1999, 18:1506-1510.
4. Andersson P.L., Blom A., Johannisson A., Pesonen M., Tysklind M., Berg A.H., et al. Assessment of PCBs and hydroxylated PCBs as potential xenoestrogens: in vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1999, 37:145-150.
5. Andersson E., Rotander A., Kronhelm T., Berggren A., Ivarsson P., Hollert H., et al. AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2009, 16:521-530.
6. Armbruster D.A., Pry T. Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The Clinical biochemist. Rev Aust Assoc Clin Biochem 2008, 29(Suppl. 1):S49-S52.
7. Arrieta D.E., Ontiveros C.C., Li W.-W., Garcia J.H., Denison M.S., McDonald J.D., et al. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of particulate organic matter from the Paso del Norte airshed along the U.S.-Mexico border. Environ Health Perspect 2003, 1299-1305.
8. Behnisch P.A., Hosoe K., Sakai S. Combinatorial bio/chemical analysis of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in waste recycling, feed/food, humans/wildlife and the environment. Environ Int 2001, 27:495-519.
9. Behnisch P.A., Hosoe K., Sakai S. Bioanalytical screening methods for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds - a review of bioassay/biomarker technology. Environ Int 2001, 27:413-439.
10. Behnisch P.A., Hosoe K., Brouwer A., Sakai S. Screening of dioxin-like toxicity equivalents for various matrices with wildtype and recombinant rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. Toxicol Sci 2002, 69:125-130.
11. Behnisch P.A., Hosoe K., Sakai S. Brominated dioxin-like compounds: in vitro assessment in comparison to classical dioxin-like compounds and other polyaromatic compounds. Environ Int 2003, 29:861-877.
12. Behnisch P., Umlauf G., Stachel B., Felzel E., Brouwer B. Bio/chemical analysis of sediments from the Elbe River, the North Sea and from several tributaries. Organohalogen Compd 2010, 72:2.
13. Bhavsar S.P., Fletcher R., Hayton A., Reiner E.J., Jackson D.A. Composition of dioxin-like PCBs in fish: an application for risk assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2007, 41:3096-3102.
14. Bittner M., Janošek J., Hilscherová K., Giesy J.P., Holoubek I., Bláha L. Activation of Ah receptor by pure humic acids. Environ Toxicol 2006, 21:338-342.
15. Blankenship A.L., Kannan K., Villalobos S.A., Villeneuve D.L., Falandysz J., Imagawa T., et al. Relative potencies of individual polychlorinated naphthalenes and halowax mixtures to induce ah receptor-mediated responses. Environ Sci Technol 2000, 34:3153-3158.
16. Bols N.C., Schirmer K., Joyce E.M., Dixon D.G., Greenberg B.M., Whyte J.J. Ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to induce 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in a trout liver cell line. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1999, 44:118-128.
17. Bradlaw J.A., Casterline J.L. Induction of enzyme activity in cell culture: a rapid screen for detection of planar polychlorinated organic compounds. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1979, 62:904-916.
18. Bradlaw J.A., Garthoff L.H., Hurley N.E., Firestone D. Comparative induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in vitro by analogues of dibenzo-p-dioxin. Food Cosmet Toxicol 1980, 18:627-635.
19. Brouwer A., et al. Functional aspects of developmental toxicity of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in experimental animals and human infants. Eur J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1995, 293:1-40.
20. Brown D.J., Chu M., Van Overmeire I., Chu A., Clark G.C. Determination of REP values for the CALUX® bioassay and comparison to the WHO TEF values. Organohalogen Compd 2001, 53:3.
21. Brunström B., Engwall M., Hjelm K., Lindqvist L., Zebühr Y. EROD induction in cultured chick embryo liver: a sensitive bioassay for dioxin-like environmental pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 1995, 14:837-842.
22. Castell J.V., Gómez-Lechón M.J., Ponsoda X., Bort R. In vitro investigation of the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. Archives of Toxicology 1997, 313-321. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. J.P. Seiler, E. Vilanova (Eds.).
23. Chen G., Konstantinov A.D., Chittim B.G., Joyce E.M., Bols N.C., Bunce N.J. Synthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their capacity to induce CYP1A by the Ah receptor mediated pathway. Environ Sci Technol 2001, 35:3749-3756.
24. Chen L., Yu C., Shen C., Zhang C., Liu L., Shen K., et al. Study on adverse impact of e-waste disassembly on surface sediment in East China by chemical analysis and bioassays. J Soils Sediments 2010, 10:359-367.
25. Clark G.C., Chu M., Touati D., Rayfield B., Stone J., Cooke M. A novel low-cost air sampling device (AmbStack sampler) and detection system (CALUX bioassay) for measuring air emissions of dioxin, furan, and PCB on a TEQ basis tested with a model industrial boiler. Organohalogen Compd 1999, 40:79-83.
26. Currie L.A. Limits for qualitative detection and quantitative determination. Appl Radiochem Anal Chem 1968, 40:586-593.
27. David A., Gomez E., Aït-Aïssa S., Rosain D., Casellas C., Fenet H. Impact of urban wastewater discharges on the sediments of a small Mediterranean river and associated coastal environment: assessment of estrogenic and dioxin-like activities. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2010, 58:562-575.
28. Denison M.S., Heath-Pagliuso S. The Ah receptor: a regulator of the biochemical and toxicological actions of structurally diverse chemicals. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998, 61:557-568.
29. Denison M.S., Nagy S.R. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals*. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003, 43:309-334.
30. Denison M.S., Fisher J.M., Whitlock J.P. Inducible, receptor-dependent protein-DNA interactions at a dioxin-responsive transcriptional enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988, 85:2528-2532.
31. Denison M.S., Fisher J.M., Whitlock J.P. The DNA recognition site for the dioxin-Ah receptor complex. Nucleotide sequence and functional analysis. J Biol Chem 1988, 263:17221-17224.
32. Engwall M., Hjelm K. Uptake of dioxin-like compounds from sewage sludge into various plant species - assessment of levels using a sensitive bioassay. Chemosphere 2000, 40:1189-1195.
33. Engwall M., Van Bavel B. The second round of interlaboratory comparison of dioxin-like compounds in food using bioassays. Man technology environment research centre 2004, 314. Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
34. Engwall M., Broman D., Brunström B., Ishaq R., Näf C., Zebühr Y. Toxic potencies of lipophilic extracts from sediments and settling particulate matter (SPM) collected in a PCB-contaminated river system. Environ Toxicol Chem 1996, 15:213-222.
35. Engwall M., Broman D., Näf C., Zebühr Y., Brunström B. Dioxin-like compounds in HPLC-fractionated extracts of marine samples from the east and west coast of Sweden: bioassay- and instrumentally-derived TCDD equivalents. Mar Pollut Bull 1997, 34:1032-1040.
36. Engwall M., Naf C., Broman D., Brunstrom B. Biological and chemical determination of contaminant levels in settling particulate matter and sediments - a Swedish river system before, during, and after dredging of PCB-contaminated lake sediments. Ambio 1998, 27:7.
37. Engwall M., Brunström B., Näf C., Hjelm K. Levels of dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge determined with a bioassay based on EROD induction in chicken embryo liver cultures. Chemosphere 1999, 38:2327-2343.
38. Ökotoxikologie 2007, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. K. Fent (Ed.).
39. Fernandes A., White S., D'Silva K., Rose M. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta 2004, 63:1147-1155.
40. Focant J.F., Eppe G., Pirard C., Massart A.C., André J.E., De Pauw E. Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs: assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere 2002, 48:167-179.
41. Franzén B., Haaparanta T., Gustafsson J.-Å., Toftgård R. TCDD receptor ligands present in extracts of urban air particulate matter induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450c gene expression in rat hepatoma cells 1988, Oxford University Press.
42. Gale R.W., Long E.R., Schwartz T.R., Tillitt D.E. Evaluation of planar halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments using ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction of H4IIE cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2000, 19:1348-1359.
43. Garrison P.M., Tullis K., Aarts J.M.M.J.G., Brouwer A., Giesy J.P., Denison M.S. Species-specific recombinant cell lines as bioassay systems for the detection of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like chemicals. Toxicol Sci 1996, 30:194-203.
44. Gierthy J.F., Crane D. In vitro bioassay for dioxinlike activity based on alterations in epithelial cell proliferation and morphology. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1985, 5:754-759.
45. Giesy J.P., Kannan K. Dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): implications for risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 1998, 28:511-569.
46. Giesy J.P., Ludmig J.P., Tillitt D.E. Dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCBs and colonial, fish-eating water birds. Dioxin and health 1994, 254-307. Plenum Press, New York. A. Schecter (Ed.).
47. Giesy, Ludmig J.P., Tillitt D.E. Embryolethality and deformities in colonial, fish-eating, water birds of the Great Lakes region - assessing causality. Environ Sci Technol 1994, 28:128A-135A.
48. Giesy J.P., Hilscherova K., Jones P.D., Kannan K., Machala M. Cell bioassays for detection of aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) mediated activity in environmental samples. Mar Pollut Bull 2002, 45:3-16.
49. Giesy J.P., Kannan K., Jones P.D., Blankenship A.L. PCBs and related compounds, Chapter 11, pp. 245-331. Endocrine disruptors: biological basis for health effects in wildlife and humans 2006, 477. Oxford University Press, New York. J. Carr (Ed.).
50. Goldstein J.A., Safe S. Mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships for the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds. Halogenated biphenyls, terphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzodioxins and related products 1989, 239-293. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. R.D. Kimbrough, A.A. Jensen (Eds.).
51. Gustavsson L.K., Klee N., Olsman H., Hollert H., Engwall M. Fate of ah receptor agonists during biological treatment of an industrial sludge containing explosives and pharmaceutical residues. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2004, 11:379-387.
52. Gustavsson L., Hollert H., Jönsson S., Van Bavel B., Engwall M. Reed beds receiving industrial sludge containing nitroaromatic compounds. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2007, 14:202-211.
53. Hahn M.E. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a comparative perspective. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1998, 121:23-53.
54. Hamers T., van Schaardenburg M.D., Felzel E.C., Murk A.J., Koeman J.H. The application of reporter gene assays for the determination of the toxic potency of diffuse air pollution. Sci Total Environ 2000, 262:159-174.
55. Hanberg A., Stahlberg M., Georgellis A., de Wit C.A., Ahlborg U.G. Swedish dioxin survey: evaluation of the H-4-II E bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991, 69:442-449.
56. Hankinson O. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1995, 35:307-340.
57. Harrison R.O., Eduljee G.H. Immunochemical analysis for dioxins - progress and prospects. Sci Total Environ 1999, 239:1-18.
58. Hasegawa J., Guruge K.S., Seike N., Shirai Y., Yamata T., Nakamura M., et al. Determination of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in fish oils for feed ingredients by congener-specific chemical analysis and CALUX bioassay. Chemosphere 2007, 69:1188-1194.
59. Heimann W., Sylvester M., Seiler T.-B., Hollert H., Schulz R. Sediment toxicity in a connected oxbow lake of the Upper Rhine (Germany): EROD induction in fish cells. J Soils Sediments 2011, 11:1279-1291.
60. Hilscherova K., Machala M., Kannan K., Blankenship A., Giesy J.P. Cell bioassays for detection of aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) mediated activity in environmental samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2000, 7:159-171.
61. Hilscherova K., Kannan K., Kang Y.-S., Holoubek I., Machala M., Masunaga S., et al. Characterization of dioxin-like activity of sediments from a Czech River Basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2001, 20:2768-2777.
62. Hilscherova K., Kannan K., Nakata H., Hanari N., Yamashita N., Bradley P.W., et al. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentration profiles in sediments and flood-plain soils of the Tittabawassee River. Michigan Environ Sci Technol 2003, 37:468-474.
63. Hinger G., Brinkmann M., Bluhm K., Sagner A., Takner H., Eisenträger A., et al. Some heterocyclic aromatic compounds are Ah receptor agonists in the DR-CALUX assay and the EROD assay with RTL-W1 cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2011, 18:1297-1304.
64. Hofmaier A., Schwirzer S., Wiebel F., Schramm K.-W., Wegenke M., Kettrup A. Bioassay zur Bestimmung von TCDD-Toxizitätsäquivalenten (TEQ) von Umweltproben und Reststoffen. Umweltwiss Schadst Forsch 1999, 11:2-8.
65. Hollert H., Dürr M., Olsman H., Halldin K., van Bavel B., Brack W., et al. Biological and chemical determination of dioxin-like compounds in sediments by means of a sediment triad approach in the catchment area of the River Neckar. Ecotoxicol 2002, 11:323-336.
66. Hurst M.R., Balaam J., Chan-Man Y.L., Thain J.E., Thomas K.V. Determination of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in sediments from UK estuaries using a bio-analytical approach: chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay. Mar Pollut Bull 2004, 49:648-658.
67. Huuskonen S.E., Tuvikene A., Trapido M., Fent K., Hahn M.E. Cytochrome P4501A induction and porphyrin accumulation in PLHC-1 fish cells exposed to sediment and oil shale extracts. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000, 38:59-69.
68. IUPAC 2006, [Last update: 2012-08-19; version: 2.3.2., http://goldbook.iupac.org]. M. Nic JJ, B. Kosata, A. Jenkins (Eds.).
69. Jeong S.-H., Cho J.-H., Park J.-M., Denison M.S. Rapid bioassay for the determination of dioxins and dioxin-like PCDFs and PCBs in meat and animal feeds. J Anal Toxicol 2005, 29:156-162.
70. Kannan K., Yun S.H., Ostaszewski A., McCabe J.M., Mackenzie-Taylor D., Taylor A.B. Dioxin-like toxicity in the Saginaw River Watershed: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in sediments and floodplain soils from the Saginaw and Shiawassee Rivers and Saginaw Bay, Michigan. U S A Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2008, 54:9-19.
71. Kasai A., Hiramatsu N., Hayakawa K., Yao J., Maeda S., Kitamura M. High levels of dioxin-like potential in cigarette smoke evidenced by in vitro and in vivo biosensing. Cancer Res 2006, 66:7143-7150.
72. Keiter S., Grund S., Van Bavel B., Hagberg J., Engwall M., Kammann U., et al. Activities and identification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in sediments from the Danube river. Anal Biochem 2008, 390:2009-2019.
73. Keith L.H., Crummett W.B., Deegan J., Libby R.A., Taylor J.K., Wentler G. Principles of environmental analysis. Anal Chem 1983, 55:2210-2218.
74. Kennedy S.W., Lorenzen A., James C.A., Collins B.T. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and porphyrin analysis in chicken embryo hepatocyte cultures with a fluorescence multiwell plate reader. Anal Biochem 1993, 211:102-112.
75. Kennedy S.W., Lorenzen A., Jones S.P., Hahn M.E., Stegeman J.J. Cytochrome P4501A induction in avian hepatocyte cultures: a promising approach for predicting the sensitivity of avian species to toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996, 141:214-230.
76. Kennedy S.W., Lorenzen A., Norstrom R.J. Chicken embryo hepatocyte bioassay for measuring cytochrome P4501A-based 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalent concentrations in environmental samples. Environ Sci Technol 1996, 30:706-715.
77. Khim J.S., Kannan K., Villeneuve D.L., Koh C.H., Giesy J.P. Characterization and distribution of trace organic contaminants in sediment from Masan Bay, Korea. 1: instrumental analysis. Environ Sci Technol 1999, 33:4199-4205.
78. Khim J.S., Villeneuve D.L., Kannan K., Lee K.T., Snyder S.A., Koh C.-H., et al. Alkylphenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organochlorines in sediment from Lake Shihwa, Korea: instrumental and bioanalytical characterization. Environ Toxicol Chem 1999, 18:2424-2432.
79. Kinani S., Bouchonnet S., Creusot N., Bourcier S., Balaguer P., Porcher J.-M., et al. Bioanalytical characterisation of multiple endocrine- and dioxin-like activities in sediments from reference and impacted small rivers. Environ Pollut 2010, 158:74-83.
80. Klein G.P., Hodge E.M., Diamond M.L., Yip A., Dann T., Stern G., Denison M.S., Harper P.A., et al. Gas-phase ambient air contaminants exhibit significant dioxin-like and estrogen-like activity in vitro. Environmental health perspectives 2006, 114:697-703.
81. Kobayashi Y., Hall A., Hiraoka M., Ashieda K., Nakanishi T., Yamada T., et al. Evaluation of AH-immunoassay as a screening method for dioxins and Co-PCBs in environmental samples, 60 2003, Federal Environmental Agency, Vienna, AUTRICHE, [4 pp.].
82. Koh C.H., Khim J.S., Villeneuve D.L., Kannan K., Giesy J.P. Analysis of trace organic contaminants in sediment, pore water, and water samples from Onsan Bay, Korea: instrumental analysis and in vitro gene expression assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 2002, 21:1796-1803.
83. Koh C.H., Khim J.S., Kannan K., Villeneuve D.L., Senthilkumar K., Giesy J.P. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) in sediment from the Hyeongsan River. Korea Environ Pollut 2004, 132:489-501.
84. Koh C.H., Khim J.S., Villeneuve D.L., Kannan K., Johnson B.G., Giesy J.P. Instrumental and bioanalytical measures of dioxin-like and estrogenic compounds and activities associated with sediment from the Korean coast. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2005, 61:366-379.
85. Kosmehl T., Krebs F., Manz W., Erdinger L., Braunbeck T., Hollert H. Comparative genotoxicity testing of rhine river sediment extracts using the comet assay with permanent fish cell lines (rtg-2 and rtl-w1) and the ames test*. J Soils Sediments 2004, 4:84-94.
86. Larsson M., Hagberg J., Rotander A., Bavel B., Engwall M. Chemical and bioanalytical characterisation of PAHs in risk assessment of remediated PAH-contaminated soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2013, 1-10.
87. Lee L.E.J., Clemons J.H., Bechtel D.G., Caldwell S.J., Han K.-B., Pasitschniak-Arts M., et al. Development and characterization of a rainbow trout liver cell line expressing cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity. Cell Biol Toxicol 1993, 9:279-294.
88. Lee K.T., Hong S., Lee J.S., Chung K.H., Hilscherová K., Giesy J.P., et al. Revised relative potency values for PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-substituted PCBs for the optimized H4IIE-luc in vitro bioassay. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2013, 1-10.
89. Li W., Wu W.Z., Barbara R.B., Schramm K.W., Kettrup A. A new enzyme immunoassay for PCDD/F TEQ screening in environmental samples: comparison to micro-EROD assay and to chemical analysis. Chemosphere 1999, 38:3313-3318.
90. Long M., Andersen B.S., Lindh C.H., Hagmar L., Giwercman A., Manicardi G.-C., et al. Dioxin-like activities in serum across European and Inuit populations 2006, BioMed Cent Ltd.
91. Ma M., Li J., Wang Z. Assessing the detoxication efficiencies of wastewater treatment processes using a battery of bioassays/biomarkers. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2005, 49:480-487.
92. MacDougall D., Crummett W.B. Guidelines for data acquisition and data quality evaluation in environmental chemistry. Anal Chem 1980, 52:2242-2249.
93. Machala M., Vondráček J., Bláha L., Ciganek M., Neča J. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2001, 497:49-62.
94. Mandel J., Stiehler R.D. Evaluation of analytical methods by the sensitivity criteria. J Res Natl Bur Stand 1957, 53:4.
95. Mason G.G. Dioxin-receptor ligands in urban air and vehicle exhaust. Environ Health Perspect 1994, 102:111-116.
96. Murk A.J., Legler J., Denison M.S., Giesy J.P., van de Guchte C., Brouwer A. Chemical-Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX): a novel in vitro bioassay for Ah receptor active compounds in sediments and pore water. Toxicol Sci 1996, 33:149-160.
97. Nagy S.R., Sanborn J.R., Hammock B.D., Denison M.S. Development of a green fluorescent protein-based cell bioassay for the rapid and inexpensive detection and characterization of Ah receptor agonists. Toxicol Sci 2002, 65:200-210.
98. Niwa A., Kumaki K., Nebert D.W. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in various cell cultures by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Mol Pharmacol 1975, 11:399-408.
99. Nording M., Sporring S., Wiberg K., Björklund E., Haglund P. Monitoring dioxins in food and feedstuffs using accelerated solvent extraction with a novel integrated carbon fractionation cell in combination with a CAFLUX bioassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005, 381:1472-1475.
100. Oliveira M., Santos M.A., Pacheco M. Glutathione protects heavy metal-induced inhibition of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity in Dicentrarchus labrax L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2004, 58:379-385.
101. Olsman H., Engwall M., Kammann U., Klempt M., Otte J., van Bavel B., et al. Relative differences in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated response for 18 polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-P-dioxins and -furans in cell lines from four different species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2007, 26:2448-2454.
102. Olsman H., Van Bavel B., Björnfoth H., Hardell L., Lindström G., Engwall M. CALUX-TEQs, PCDD/F and PCB in SFE-extracts of human adipose tissue from breast cancer patients 2007, Örebro University, Department of Natural Sciences.
103. Otte J.C., Keiter S., Faßbender C., Higley E.B., Suares Rocha P., Brinkmann M., et al. Contribution of priority PAHs and POPs to Ah receptor-mediated activities in sediment samples from the River Elbe Estuary, Germany. PLoS ONE 2013, 8(10):11.
104. Patterson D.G., Hampton L., Lapeza C.R., Belser W.T., Green V., Alexander L., et al. High-resolution gas chromatographic/high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of human serum on a whole-weight and lipid basis for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Anal Chem 1987, 59:2000-2005.
105. Pauwels A., Cenijn P.H., Schepens P.J., Brouwer A. Comparison of chemical-activated luciferase gene expression bioassay and gas chromatography for PCB determination in human serum and follicular fluid. Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108(6):553-557.
106. Poland A., Knutson J.C. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: examination of the mechanism of toxicity. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1982, 22:517-554.
107. Postlind H., Vu T.P., Tukey R.H., Quattrochi L.C. Response of human CYP1-luciferase plasmids to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993, 118:255-262.
108. Rappe C. Analysis of polychlorinated dioxins and furans. Environ Sci Technol 1984, 18:78A-90A.
109. Rastall A.C., Neziri A., Vukovic Z., Jung C., Mijovic S., Hollert H., et al. The identification of readily bioavailable pollutants in lake Shkodra/Skadar using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), bioassays and chemical analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2004, 11:240-253.
110. Richter C.A., Tieber V.L., Denison M.S., Giesy J.P. An in vitro rainbow trout cell bioassay for aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated toxins. Environ Toxicol Chem 1997, 16:543-550.
111. Safe S.H. Comparative toxicology and mechanism of action of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1986, 26:371-399.
112. Safe S.H. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds: environmental and mechanistic considerations which support the development of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). Annu Rev Toxicol 1990, 21:51-88.
113. Safe S.H. Development validation and problems with the toxic equivalency factor approach for risk assessment of dioxins and related compounds. J Anim Sci 1998, 76:134-141.
114. Samara F., Gullett B.K., Harrison R.O., Chu A.C., Clark G.C. Determination of relative assay response factors for toxic chlorinated and brominated dioxins/furans using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a chemically-activated luciferase gene expression cell bioassay (CALUX). Environ Int 2009, 35:588-593.
115. Sanctorum H., Windal I., Hanot V., Goeyens L., Baeyens W. dioxin and dioxin-like activity in sediments of the Belgian Coastal Area (Southern North Sea). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2007, 52:317-325.
116. Sanderson J.T., Giesy J.P. Functional response assays in wildlife toxicology. Encyclopedia of environmental analysis and remediation 1998, 5272-5297. Inc. John Wiley and Sons, New York. R.A. Meyers (Ed.).
117. Sanderson J.T., Aarts J.M.M.J.G., Brouwer A., Froese K.L., Denison M.S., Giesy J.P. Comparison of Ah receptor-mediated luciferase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase induction in H4IIE cells: implications for their use as bioanalytical tools for the detection of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996, 137:316-325.
118. Schecter A.J., Sheu S.U., Birnbaum L.S., DeVito M.J., Denison M.S., Päpke O. A comparison and discussion of two differing methods of measuring dioxin-like compounds: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the CALUX bioassay - implications for health studies. Organohalogen Compd 1999, 40:4.
119. Schirmer K., Bopp S., Russold S., Popp P. Dioxin-ähnliche Wirkungen durch Grundwasser am Industriestandort Zeitz. Grundwasser 2004, 9:33-42.
120. Schirmer K., Dayeh V.R., Bopp S., Russold S., Bols N.C. Applying whole water samples to cell bioassays for detecting dioxin-like compounds at contaminated sites. Toxicology 2004, 205:211-221.
121. Schneider U.A., Brown M.M., Logan R.A., Millar L.C., Bunce N.J. Screening assay for dioxin-like compounds based on competitive binding to the murine hepatic Ah receptor. 1. Assay development. Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:2595-2602.
122. Schoeters G., Goyvaerts M.P., Ooms D., Van Cleuvenbergen R. The evaluation of dioxin and dioxin-like contaminants in selected food samples obtained from the Belgian market: comparison of TEQ measurements obtained through the CALUX bioassay with congener specific chemical analyses. Chemosphere 2004, 54:1289-1297.
123. Schwirzer S.M.G., Hofmaier A.M., Kettrup A., Nerdinger P.E., Schramm K.-W., Thoma H., et al. Establishment of a simple cleanup procedure and bioassay for determining 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalents of environmental samples. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1998, 41:77-82.
124. Shen J.H., Gutendorf B., Vahl H.H., Shen L., Westendorf J. Toxicological profile of pollutants in surface water from an area in Taihu Lake, Yangtze Delta. Toxicology 2001, 166:71-78.
125. Shen C., Huang S., Wang Z., Qiao M., Tang X., Yu C., et al. Identification of Ah receptor agonists in soil of e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou Area in China. Environ Sci Technol 2007, 42:49-55.
126. Shen C., Chen Y.-Y., Huang S., Wang Z., Yu C., Qiao M., et al. Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area, China: chemical and bioanalytical characterization. Environ Int 2009, 35:5.
127. Simat T.J. Vortrag: Kombinierte Anwendung von chemischer Analytik und Biotests auf Verpackungsmaterialien. BfR-Symposium - 50 Jahre Kunststoffkommission B 2007.
128. Song M., Jiang Q., Xu Y., Liu H., Lam P.K.S., O'Toole D.K., et al. AhR-active compounds in sediments of the Haihe and Dagu Rivers, China. Chemosphere 2006, 63:1222-1230.
129. Suares Rocha P., Azab E., Schmidt B., Storch V., Hollert H., Braunbeck T. Changes in toxicity and dioxin-like activity of sediments from the Tietê River (São Paulo, Brazil). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2010, 73:550-558.
130. Thain J.E., Hurst M.R., Thomas K.V. Determination of dioxin-like activity in sediments from the East Shetland Basin. Organohalogen Compd 2006, 68:185-188.
131. Till M., Behnisch P., Hagenmaier H., Bock K.W., Schrenk D. Dioxinlike components in incinerator fly ash: a comparison between chemical analysis data and results from a cell culture bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 1997, 105:1326-1332.
132. Tillitt D.E., Ankley G.T., Verbrugge D.A., Giesy J.P., Ludwig J.P., Kubiak T.J. H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in colonial fish-eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1991, 21:91-101.
133. Tillitt D.E., Giesy J.P., Ankley G.T. Characterization of the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay as a tool for assessing toxic potency of planar halogenated hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Environ Sci Technol 1991, 25:87-92.
134. Tillitt D.E., Ankley G.T., Giesy J.P., Ludwig J.P., Kurita-Matsuba H., Weseloh D.V., et al. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the great lakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 1992, 11:1281-1288.
135. Tsutsumi T., Amakura Y., Nakamura M., Brown D.J., Clark G.C., Sasaki K., et al. Validation of the CALUX bioassay for the screening of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in retail fish. Analyst 2003, 128:486-492.
136. US-EPA Method 1613: tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency OoW, Engineering and Analysis Division (4303) (Hrsg.), Washington 1994.
137. Van den Berg M., Birnbaum L., Bosveld A.T.C., Brunstrom B., Cook P., Feeley M., et al. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ Health Perspect 1998, 106:775-792.
138. Van den Berg M., Birnbaum L.S., Denison M.S., De Vito M., Farland W., Feeley M., et al. The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci 2006, 93:223-241.
139. Van der Plas S.A., Lutkeschipholt I., Spenkelink B., Brouwer A. Effects of subchronic exposure to complex mixtures of dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polyhalogenated aromatic compounds on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in female Sprague-Dawley rats, 59 2001, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI.
140. Van Wouwe N., Windal I., Vanderperren H., Eppe G., Xhrouet C., Massart A.C., et al. Validation of the CALUX bioassay for PCDD/F analyses in human blood plasma and comparison with GC-HRMS. Talanta 2004, 63:1157-1167.
141. Veilens E., Brunström B., Broman D., Näf C., Zeböhr Y., Dencker L. Extracts from settling particulate matter collected in the Stockholm archipelago waters: embryolethality, immunotoxicity and erod-inducing potency of fractions containing aliphatics/monoaromatics, diaromatics or polyaromatics. Environ Toxicol Chem 1992, 11:1441-1449.
142. Viarengo A., Bettella E., Fabbri R., Burlando B., Lafaurie M. Heavy metal inhibition of EROD activity in liver microsomes from the bass Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to organic xenobiotics: Role of GSH in the reduction of heavy metal effects. Mar Environ Res 1997, 44:1-11.
143. Villeneuve D.L., Crunkilton R.L., DeVita W.M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated toxic potency of dissolved lipophilic organic contaminants collected from Lincoln Creek, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, to PLHC-1 (Poeciliopsis lucida) fish hepatoma cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 1997, 16:977-984.
144. Villeneuve D.L., Richter C.A., Blankenship A.L., Giesy J.P. Rainbow trout cell bioassay-derived relative potencies for halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: comparison and sensitivity analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 1999, 18:879-888.
145. Villeneuve D.L., Kannan K., Khim J.S., Falandysz J., Nikiforov V.A., Blankenship A.L., et al. Relative potencies of individual polychlorinated naphthalenes to induce dioxin-like responses in fish and mammalian in vitro bioassays. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000, 39:273-281.
146. Villeneuve D.L., Khim J.S., Kannan K., Giesy J.P. Relative potencies of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to induce dioxinlike and estrogenic responses in three cell lines. Environ toxicol 2002, 17:128-137.
147. Wei X., Ching L.Y., Cheng S.H., Wong M.H., Wong C.K.C. The detection of dioxin- and estrogen-like pollutants in marine and freshwater fishes cultivated in Pearl River Delta. China Environ Pollut 2010, 158:2302-2309.
148. Wetterauer B., Ricking M., Otte J.C., Hallare A.V., Rastall A.C., Erdinger L., et al. Toxicity, dioxin-like activities, and endocrine effects of DDT metabolites - DDA, DDMU, DDMS, and DDCN. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2012, 19:403-415.
149. WHO World Health Organization, polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Environmental Health Criteria 205 1998, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, [303].
150. Whyte J.J., Jung R.E., Schmitt C.J., Tillitt D.E. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure, 30 2000, Informa Healthcare, London, ROYAUME-UNI.
151. Whyte J.J., Schmitt C.J., Tillitt D.E. The H4IIE cell bioassay as an indicator of dioxin-like chemicals in wildlife and the environment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2004, 34:1-83.
152. Willett K.L., Gardinali P.R., Sericano J.L., Wade T.L., Safe S.H. Characterization of the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for evaluation of environmental samples containing polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1997, 32:442-448.
153. Windal I., Eppe G., Catherine Gridelet A., De Pauw E. Supercritical fluid extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins from fly ash: the importance of fly ash origin and composition on extraction efficiency. J Chromatogr A 1998, 819:187-195.
154. Windal I., Denison M.S., Birnbaum L.S., Van Wouwe N., Baeyens W., Goeyens L. Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) cell bioassay analysis for the estimation of dioxin-like activity: critical parameters of the CALUX procedure that impact assay results. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:7357-7364.
155. Wölz J., Engwall M., Maletz S., Olsman Takner H., van Bavel B., Kammann U., et al. Changes in toxicity and Ah receptor agonist activity of suspended particulate matter during flood events at the rivers Neckar and Rhine - a mass balance approach using in vitro methods and chemical analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2008, 15:536-553.
156. Wölz J., Borck D., Witt G., Hollert H. Ecotoxicological characterization of sediment cores from the western Baltic Sea (Mecklenburg Bight) using GC-MS and biotests. J Soils Sediments 2009, 9:400-410.
157. Wölz J., Brack W., Moehlenkamp C., Claus E., Braunbeck T., Hollert H. Effect-directed analysis of Ah receptor-mediated activities caused by PAHs in suspended particulate matter sampled in flood events. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:3327-3333.
158. Wölz J., Fleig M., Schulze T., Maletz S., Lübcke-von Varel U., Reifferscheid G., et al. Impact of contaminants bound to suspended particulate matter in the context of flood events. J Soils Sediments 2010, 10:1174-1185.
159. Wölz J., Schulze T., Lübcke-von Varel U., Fleig M., Reifferscheid G., Brack W., et al. Investigation on soil contamination at recently inundated and non-inundated sites. J Soils Sediments 2011, 11:82-92.
160. Zacharewski T.R., Berhane K., Gillesby B.E., Burnison B.K. Detection of estrogen- and dioxin-like activity in pulp and paper mill black liquor and effluent using in vitro recombinant receptor/reporter gene assays. Environ Sci Technol 1995, 29:2140-2146.
161. Zeiger M., Haag R., Höckel J., Schrenk D., Schmitz H.-J. Inducing effects of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls on CYP1A in the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2, the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE, and rat primary hepatocytes: comparison of relative potencies. Toxicol Sci 2001, 63:65-73.
162. Zhao B., Baston D.S., Khan E., Sorrentino C., Denison M.S. Enhancing the response of CALUX and CAFLUX cell bioassays for quantitative detection of dioxin-like compounds. Sci China Chem 2010, 53:1010-1016.