메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 527-536

Pregnancy, sex and hormonal factors in multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

hormones; Pregnancy; sex

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; ESTROGEN; SEX HORMONE; BETA INTERFERON; ESTRIOL; GLATIRAMER; NOMEGESTROL ACETATE; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 84899045261     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: 14770970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1352458513519840     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (66)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 79959476848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of animal models of multiple sclerosis
    • Baker D, Gerritsen W, Rundle J, et al. Critical appraisal of animal models of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2011 ; 17: 647-657
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , pp. 647-657
    • Baker, D.1    Gerritsen, W.2    Rundle, J.3
  • 2
    • 84857374216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of estrogens and androgens in CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration
    • Spence RD, Voskuhl RR. Neuroprotective effects of estrogens and androgens in CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2012 ; 33: 105-115
    • (2012) Front Neuroendocrinol , vol.33 , pp. 105-115
    • Spence, R.D.1    Voskuhl, R.R.2
  • 3
    • 84860883725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression
    • Voskuhl RR, Gold SM. Sex-related factors in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and progression. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012 ; 8: 255-263
    • (2012) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 255-263
    • Voskuhl, R.R.1    Gold, S.M.2
  • 4
    • 0141760337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha
    • Polanczyk MJ, Zamora A, Subramanian S, et al. The protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha. Am J Pathol. 2003 ; 163: 1599-1605
    • (2003) Am J Pathol , vol.163 , pp. 1599-1605
    • Polanczyk, M.J.1    Zamora, A.2    Subramanian, S.3
  • 5
    • 28444491405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced FoxP3 expression and Treg cell function in pregnant and estrogen-treated mice
    • Polanczyk MJ, Hopke C, Huan J, et al. Enhanced FoxP3 expression and Treg cell function in pregnant and estrogen-treated mice. J Neuroimmunol. 2005 ; 170: 85-92
    • (2005) J Neuroimmunol , vol.170 , pp. 85-92
    • Polanczyk, M.J.1    Hopke, C.2    Huan, J.3
  • 6
    • 54949141219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression
    • Matsushita T, Yanaba K, Bouaziz JD, et al. Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J Clin Invest. 2008 ; 118: 3420-3430
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3420-3430
    • Matsushita, T.1    Yanaba, K.2    Bouaziz, J.D.3
  • 7
    • 79953212582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estriol generates tolerogenic dendritic cells in vivo that protect against autoimmunity
    • Papenfuss TL, Powell ND, McClain MA, et al. Estriol generates tolerogenic dendritic cells in vivo that protect against autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2011 ; 186: 3346-3355
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.186 , pp. 3346-3355
    • Papenfuss, T.L.1    Powell, N.D.2    McClain, M.A.3
  • 8
    • 79953045436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen-induced protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is abrogated in the absence of B cells
    • Bodhankar S, Wang C, Vandenbark A, et al. Estrogen-induced protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is abrogated in the absence of B cells. Eur J Immunol. 2011 ; 41: 1165-1175
    • (2011) Eur J Immunol , vol.41 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Bodhankar, S.1    Wang, C.2    Vandenbark, A.3
  • 9
    • 84869758384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oestrogen treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis requires 17-oestradiol-receptor-positive B cells that up-regulate PD-1 on CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
    • Bodhankar S, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Oestrogen treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis requires 17-oestradiol-receptor-positive B cells that up-regulate PD-1 on CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Immunology. 2012 ; 137: 282-293
    • (2012) Immunology , vol.137 , pp. 282-293
    • Bodhankar, S.1    Vandenbark, A.A.2    Offner, H.3
  • 10
    • 80055110340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR30 forms an integral part of E2-protective pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Bodhankar S, Offner H. GPR30 forms an integral part of E2-protective pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Endocr Metab Agents Med Chem. 2011 ; 11: 262-274
    • (2011) Immunol Endocr Metab Agents Med Chem , vol.11 , pp. 262-274
    • Bodhankar, S.1    Offner, H.2
  • 11
    • 13544251736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle-age male mice have increased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and are unresponsive to testosterone therapy
    • Matejuk A, Hopke C, Vandenbark AA, et al. Middle-age male mice have increased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and are unresponsive to testosterone therapy. J Immunol. 2005 ; 174: 2387-2395
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 2387-2395
    • Matejuk, A.1    Hopke, C.2    Vandenbark, A.A.3
  • 12
    • 84873336400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural androgen receptor: A therapeutic target for myelin repair in chronic demyelination
    • Hussain R, Ghoumari AM, Bielecki B, et al. The neural androgen receptor: A therapeutic target for myelin repair in chronic demyelination. Brain. 2013 ; 136: 132-146
    • (2013) Brain , vol.136 , pp. 132-146
    • Hussain, R.1    Ghoumari, A.M.2    Bielecki, B.3
  • 13
    • 79957723865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor- in astrocytes
    • Spence RD, Hamby ME, Umeda E, et al. Neuroprotection mediated through estrogen receptor- in astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 ; 108: 8867-8872
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 8867-8872
    • Spence, R.D.1    Hamby, M.E.2    Umeda, E.3
  • 14
    • 77957681466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oestrogen receptor beta ligand: A novel treatment to enhance endogenous functional remyelination
    • Crawford DK, Mangiardi M, Song B, et al. Oestrogen receptor beta ligand: A novel treatment to enhance endogenous functional remyelination. Brain. 2010 ; 133: 2999-3016
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 2999-3016
    • Crawford, D.K.1    Mangiardi, M.2    Song, B.3
  • 15
    • 79955788943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ADIOL-ER-CtBP transrepression pathway negatively regulates microglia-mediated inflammation
    • Saijo K, Collier JG, Li AC, et al. An ADIOL-ER-CtBP transrepression pathway negatively regulates microglia-mediated inflammation. Cell. 2011 ; 145: 584-595
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , pp. 584-595
    • Saijo, K.1    Collier, J.G.2    Li, A.C.3
  • 16
    • 67651114103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of progesterone administration on axonal pathology in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Garay L, Deniselle MC, Meyer M, et al. Protective effects of progesterone administration on axonal pathology in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res. 2009 ; 1283: 177-185
    • (2009) Brain Res , vol.1283 , pp. 177-185
    • Garay, L.1    Deniselle, M.C.2    Meyer, M.3
  • 17
    • 80053156795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone and nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: A role for progesterone receptors
    • Hussain R, El-Etr M, Gaci O, et al. Progesterone and nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: A role for progesterone receptors. Endocrinology. 2011 ; 152: 3820-3831
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 3820-3831
    • Hussain, R.1    El-Etr, M.2    Gaci, O.3
  • 18
    • 84865802390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic testosterone administration preserves excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease
    • Ziehn MO, Avedisian AA, Dervin SM, et al. Therapeutic testosterone administration preserves excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus during autoimmune demyelinating disease. J Neurosci. 2012 ; 32: 12312-12324
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 12312-12324
    • Ziehn, M.O.1    Avedisian, A.A.2    Dervin, S.M.3
  • 19
    • 33749681309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: A longitudinal study
    • Orton SM, Herrera BM, Yee IM, et al. Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: A longitudinal study. Lancet Neurol. 2006 ; 5: 932-936
    • (2006) Lancet Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 932-936
    • Orton, S.M.1    Herrera, B.M.2    Yee, I.M.3
  • 20
    • 47549090868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Alonso A, Hernán MA. Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Neurology. 2008 ; 71: 129-135
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 129-135
    • Alonso, A.1    Hernán, M.A.2
  • 21
    • 84868131395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variations in sex ratio trends over time in multiple sclerosis
    • Trojano M, Lucchese G, Graziano G, et al. Geographical variations in sex ratio trends over time in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012 ; 7: e48078
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 48078
    • Trojano, M.1    Lucchese, G.2    Graziano, G.3
  • 22
    • 84863624891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising incidence of multiple sclerosis in females associated with urbanization
    • Kotzamani D, Panou T, Mastorodemos V, et al. Rising incidence of multiple sclerosis in females associated with urbanization. Neurology. 2012 ; 78: 1728-1735
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 1728-1735
    • Kotzamani, D.1    Panou, T.2    Mastorodemos, V.3
  • 23
    • 84871644832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in the National Swedish MS Register (SMSreg)
    • Boström I, Stawiarz L, Landtblom AM. Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in the National Swedish MS Register (SMSreg). Mult Scler. 2013 ; 19: 46-52
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 46-52
    • Boström, I.1    Stawiarz, L.2    Landtblom, A.M.3
  • 24
    • 78751621966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHC transmission: Insights into gender bias in MS susceptibility
    • Chao MJ RS, Herrera BM, Orton SM, et al. MHC transmission: Insights into gender bias in MS susceptibility. Neurology. 2011 ; 76: 242-246
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , pp. 242-246
    • Chao, M.J.R.S.1    Herrera, B.M.2    Orton, S.M.3
  • 25
    • 79957664940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The increasing incidence and prevalence of female multiple sclerosis - A critical analysis of potential environmental factors
    • Sellner J, Kraus J, Awad A, et al. The increasing incidence and prevalence of female multiple sclerosis - a critical analysis of potential environmental factors. Autoimmun Rev. 2011 ; 10: 495-502
    • (2011) Autoimmun Rev , vol.10 , pp. 495-502
    • Sellner, J.1    Kraus, J.2    Awad, A.3
  • 26
    • 78650189242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at onset of multiple sclerosis is correlated to use of combined oral contraceptives and childbirth before diagnosis
    • Holmqvist P, Hammar M, Landtblom AM, et al. Age at onset of multiple sclerosis is correlated to use of combined oral contraceptives and childbirth before diagnosis. Fertil Steril. 2010 ; 94: 2835-2837
    • (2010) Fertil Steril , vol.94 , pp. 2835-2837
    • Holmqvist, P.1    Hammar, M.2    Landtblom, A.M.3
  • 27
    • 80051548703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive history and risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Nielsen NM, Jørgensen KT, Stenager E, et al. Reproductive history and risk of multiple sclerosis. Epidemiology. 2011 ; 22: 546-552
    • (2011) Epidemiology , vol.22 , pp. 546-552
    • Nielsen, N.M.1    Jørgensen, K.T.2    Stenager, E.3
  • 28
    • 84860339453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring number, pregnancy, and risk of a first clinical demyelinating event: The AusImmune Study
    • Ponsonby AL, Lucas RM, van der Mei IA, et al. Offspring number, pregnancy, and risk of a first clinical demyelinating event: The AusImmune Study. Neurology. 2012 ; 78: 867-874
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 867-874
    • Ponsonby, A.L.1    Lucas, R.M.2    Van Der Mei, I.A.3
  • 29
    • 84885789364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Magyari M, Koch-Henriksen N, Pfleger CC, et al. Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2013 ; 19: 1604-1609
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 1604-1609
    • Magyari, M.1    Koch-Henriksen, N.2    Pfleger, C.C.3
  • 30
    • 84874370258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive decision making after the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)
    • Alwan S, Yee IM, Dybalski M, et al. Reproductive decision making after the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Mult Scler. 2013 ; 19: 351-358
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 351-358
    • Alwan, S.1    Yee, I.M.2    Dybalski, M.3
  • 31
    • 84899116009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse causality behind the association between reproductive history and MS
    • Hedström AK, Hillert J, Olsson T, et al. Reverse causality behind the association between reproductive history and MS. Mult Scler. 2013 ;:
    • (2013) Mult Scler
    • Hedström, A.K.1    Hillert, J.2    Olsson, T.3
  • 32
    • 84885956665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial reproductive techniques in multiple sclerosis
    • Hellwig K, Correale J. Artificial reproductive techniques in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol. 2013 ; 149: 219-224
    • (2013) Clin Immunol , vol.149 , pp. 219-224
    • Hellwig, K.1    Correale, J.2
  • 33
    • 56749184083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in relapse rate during assisted reproduction technique in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Hellwig K, Schimrigk S, Beste C, et al. Increase in relapse rate during assisted reproduction technique in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol. 2009 ; 61: 65-68
    • (2009) Eur Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 65-68
    • Hellwig, K.1    Schimrigk, S.2    Beste, C.3
  • 34
    • 84863888096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of multiple sclerosis relapse after in vitro fertilisation
    • Michel L, Foucher Y, Vukusic S, et al. Increased risk of multiple sclerosis relapse after in vitro fertilisation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012 ; 83: 796-802
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 796-802
    • Michel, L.1    Foucher, Y.2    Vukusic, S.3
  • 35
    • 84871998751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in multiple sclerosis activity after assisted reproduction technology
    • Correale J, Farez MF, Ysrraelit MC. Increase in multiple sclerosis activity after assisted reproduction technology. Ann Neurol. 2012 ; 72: 682-694
    • (2012) Ann Neurol , vol.72 , pp. 682-694
    • Correale, J.1    Farez, M.F.2    Ysrraelit, M.C.3
  • 36
    • 0029874022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Robertson N, Deans J, Fraser M, et al. Recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1996 ; 119: 449-455
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 449-455
    • Robertson, N.1    Deans, J.2    Fraser, M.3
  • 37
    • 0030992685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offspring recurrence rates and clinical characteristics of conjugal multiple sclerosis
    • Robertson NP, O'Riordan JI, Chataway J, et al. Offspring recurrence rates and clinical characteristics of conjugal multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1997 ; 349: 1587-1590
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1587-1590
    • Robertson, N.P.1    O'Riordan, J.I.2    Chataway, J.3
  • 38
    • 0033674248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugal multiple sclerosis: Population-based prevalence and recurrence risks in offspring. Canadian Collaborative Study Group
    • Ebers GC, Yee IM, Sadovnick AD, et al. Conjugal multiple sclerosis: Population-based prevalence and recurrence risks in offspring. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Ann Neurol. 2000 ; 48: 927-931
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 927-931
    • Ebers, G.C.1    Yee, I.M.2    Sadovnick, A.D.3
  • 39
    • 12344314461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: Population based study
    • Willer CJ, Dyment DA, Sadovnick AD, et al. Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: Population based study. BMJ. 2005 ; 330: 120-124
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 120-124
    • Willer, C.J.1    Dyment, D.A.2    Sadovnick, A.D.3
  • 40
    • 84881258122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounding underlies the apparent month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis
    • Fiddes B, Wason J, Kemppinen A, et al. Confounding underlies the apparent month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2013 ; 73: 714-720
    • (2013) Ann Neurol , vol.73 , pp. 714-720
    • Fiddes, B.1    Wason, J.2    Kemppinen, A.3
  • 41
    • 33845720114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA. 2006 ; 296: 2832-2838
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2832-2838
    • Munger, K.L.1    Levin, L.I.2    Hollis, B.W.3
  • 42
    • 79958230860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring
    • Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K, et al. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann Neurol. 2011 ; 70: 30-40
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 30-40
    • Mirzaei, F.1    Michels, K.B.2    Munger, K.3
  • 43
    • 33751326278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health (24June2011, accessed 4 September 2013) Vitamin D
    • Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin D, http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD- HealthProfessional/ (24June2011, accessed 4 September 2013).
    • Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet
  • 44
    • 84877852595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female reproductive issues in multiple sclerosis
    • McCombe PA, Greer JM. Female reproductive issues in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012 ; 19: 392-402
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 392-402
    • McCombe, P.A.1    Greer, J.M.2
  • 45
    • 0032581445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group
    • Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, et al. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 ; 339: 285-291
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 285-291
    • Confavreux, C.1    Hutchinson, M.2    Hours, M.M.3
  • 46
    • 84863980443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Term pregnancies and the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis: A population based study
    • Ramagopalan S, Yee I, Byrnes J, et al. Term pregnancies and the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis: A population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012 ; 83: 793-795
    • (2012) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.83 , pp. 793-795
    • Ramagopalan, S.1    Yee, I.2    Byrnes, J.3
  • 49
    • 34249738194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007
    • Kanal E, Barkovich AJ, Bell C, et al. ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 ; 188: 1447-1474
    • (2007) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.188 , pp. 1447-1474
    • Kanal, E.1    Barkovich, A.J.2    Bell, C.3
  • 50
    • 84859123106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging of pregnant and lactating patients: Part 1, evidence-based review and recommendations
    • Wang PI, Chong ST, Kielar AZ, et al. Imaging of pregnant and lactating patients: Part 1, evidence-based review and recommendations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 ; 198: 778-784
    • (2012) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.198 , pp. 778-784
    • Wang, P.I.1    Chong, S.T.2    Kielar, A.Z.3
  • 51
    • 84878377092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on reproductive safety of current and emerging disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis
    • Cree BA. Update on reproductive safety of current and emerging disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2013 ; 19: 835-843
    • (2013) Mult Scler , vol.19 , pp. 835-843
    • Cree, B.A.1
  • 52
    • 84887182441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Therapeutic considerations
    • Houtchens MK, Kolb CM. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Therapeutic considerations. J Neurol. 2013 ; 260: 1202-1214
    • (2013) J Neurol , vol.260 , pp. 1202-1214
    • Houtchens, M.K.1    Kolb, C.M.2
  • 53
    • 0033662284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
    • Park-Wyllie L, Mazzotta P, Pastuszak A, et al. Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Teratology. 2000 ; 62: 385-392
    • (2000) Teratology , vol.62 , pp. 385-392
    • Park-Wyllie, L.1    Mazzotta, P.2    Pastuszak, A.3
  • 54
    • 69149096504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis, immunomodulators, and pregnancy outcome: A prospective observational study
    • Weber-Schoendorfer C, Schaefer C. Multiple sclerosis, immunomodulators, and pregnancy outcome: A prospective observational study. Mult Scler. 2009 ; 15: 1037-1042
    • (2009) Mult Scler , vol.15 , pp. 1037-1042
    • Weber-Schoendorfer, C.1    Schaefer, C.2
  • 55
    • 78650016412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after interferon- exposure in multiple sclerosis
    • Amato MP, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A, et al. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after interferon- exposure in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010 ; 75: 1794-1802
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 1794-1802
    • Amato, M.P.1    Portaccio, E.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 56
    • 79954602080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis following subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy
    • Sandberg-Wollheim M, Alteri E, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis following subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy. Mult Scler. 2011 ; 17: 423-430
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , pp. 423-430
    • Sandberg-Wollheim, M.1    Alteri, E.2
  • 57
    • 84870428050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Experience from a nationwide database in Germany
    • Hellwig K, Haghikia A, Rockhoff M, et al. Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy: Experience from a nationwide database in Germany. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012 ; 5: 247-253
    • (2012) Ther Adv Neurol Disord , vol.5 , pp. 247-253
    • Hellwig, K.1    Haghikia, A.2    Rockhoff, M.3
  • 58
    • 84899090631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNB 1a)
    • Tomczyk S, Sperling B. Pregnancy outcomes in patients exposed to intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNB 1a). Neurology. 2013 ; 80: S30.006
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 30006
    • Tomczyk, S.1    Sperling, B.2
  • 59
    • 25444458822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy outcomes during treatment with interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Sandberg-Wollheim M, Frank D, Goodwin TM, et al. Pregnancy outcomes during treatment with interferon beta-1a in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2005 ; 65: 802-806
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 802-806
    • Sandberg-Wollheim, M.1    Frank, D.2    Goodwin, T.M.3
  • 60
    • 84867560628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis in pregnancy: A systematic review
    • Lu E, Wang BW, Guimond C, et al. Disease-modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis in pregnancy: A systematic review. Neurology. 2012 ; 79: 1130-1135
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 1130-1135
    • Lu, E.1    Wang, B.W.2    Guimond, C.3
  • 61
    • 0033779037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IFN-beta 1a in healthy volunteers
    • Buchwalder PA, Buclin T, Trinchard I, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of IFN-beta 1a in healthy volunteers. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2000 ; 20: 857-866
    • (2000) J Interferon Cytokine Res , vol.20 , pp. 857-866
    • Buchwalder, P.A.1    Buclin, T.2    Trinchard, I.3
  • 62
    • 77957850617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term use of glatiramer acetate by 11 pregnant women with multiple sclerosis: A retrospective, multicentre case series
    • Fragoso YD, Finkelsztejn A, Kaimen-Maciel DR, et al. Long-term use of glatiramer acetate by 11 pregnant women with multiple sclerosis: A retrospective, multicentre case series. CNS Drugs. 2010 ; 24: 969-976
    • (2010) CNS Drugs , vol.24 , pp. 969-976
    • Fragoso, Y.D.1    Finkelsztejn, A.2    Kaimen-Maciel, D.R.3
  • 63
    • 84867657238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after glatiramer acetate exposure in patients with multiple sclerosis: A prospective observational multicentric study
    • Giannini M, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A, et al. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after glatiramer acetate exposure in patients with multiple sclerosis: A prospective observational multicentric study. BMC Neurol. 2012 ; 12: 124
    • (2012) BMC Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 124
    • Giannini, M.1    Portaccio, E.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 64
    • 80052007513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and natalizumab: Results of an observational study in 35 accidental pregnancies during natalizumab treatment
    • Hellwig K, Haghikia A, Gold R. Pregnancy and natalizumab: Results of an observational study in 35 accidental pregnancies during natalizumab treatment. Mult Scler. 2011 ; 17: 958-963
    • (2011) Mult Scler , vol.17 , pp. 958-963
    • Hellwig, K.1    Haghikia, A.2    Gold, R.3
  • 65
    • 84894403982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evaluation of pregnancy outcomes from the Tysabri® (natalizumab) Pregnancy Registry
    • Cristiano L, Bozic C, Bloomgren G. Preliminary evaluation of pregnancy outcomes from the Tysabri® (natalizumab) Pregnancy Registry. Mult Scler. 2012 18 ;: P275
    • (2012) Mult Scler , pp. 275
    • Cristiano, L.1    Bozic, C.2    Bloomgren, G.3
  • 66
    • 84899055105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multinational Gilenya™ (fingolimod) Pregnancy Exposure Registry: Preliminary results
    • Geissbühler Y, Butzkuiven H, Hernández-Diaz S, et al. Multinational Gilenya™ (fingolimod) Pregnancy Exposure Registry: Preliminary results. Neurology. 2013 ; 80: P02.134
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 02134
    • Geissbühler, Y.1    Butzkuiven, H.2    Hernández-Diaz, S.3
  • 67
    • 84974550161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) and pregnancy: Preclinical and clinical data from the clinical development program
    • Gold R, Phillips JT, Havrdova E, et al. BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) and pregnancy: Preclinical and clinical data from the clinical development program. Neurology. 2013 ; 80: P02.129
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 02129
    • Gold, R.1    Phillips, J.T.2    Havrdova, E.3
  • 68
    • 84899059878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2012, accessed 4 September 2013)
    • FDA prescribing information TYSABRI, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ drugsatfda-docs/label/2012/125104s0576lbl.pdf (2012, accessed 4 September 2013).
    • FDA Prescribing Information TYSABRI
  • 69
    • 84899058033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2012, accessed 4 September 2013)
    • FDA prescribing information GILENYATM, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ drugsatfda-docs/label/2012/022527s008lbl.pdf (2012, accessed 4 September 2013).
    • FDA Prescribing Information GILENYATM
  • 70
    • 84899069495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (2012, accessed 4 September 2013)
    • FDA prescribing information AUBAGIO, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/ drugsatfda-docs/label/2012/202992s000lbl.pdf (2012, accessed 4 September 2013).
    • FDA Prescribing Information AUBAGIO
  • 71
    • 38449083112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitoxantrone treatment in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Cocco E, Marchi P, Sardu C, et al. Mitoxantrone treatment in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2007 ; 13: 975-980
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 975-980
    • Cocco, E.1    Marchi, P.2    Sardu, C.3
  • 72
    • 84989917674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent disease-activity rebound in a patient with multiple sclerosis after natalizumab discontinuations for pregnancy planning
    • Martinelli V, Colombo B, Dalla Costa G. Recurrent disease-activity rebound in a patient with multiple sclerosis after natalizumab discontinuations for pregnancy planning. Mult Scler. 2013 ;:
    • (2013) Mult Scler
    • Martinelli, V.1    Colombo, B.2    Dalla Costa, G.3
  • 73
    • 77951257554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parenthood and immunomodulation in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Hellwig K, Haghikia A, Gold R. Parenthood and immunomodulation in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2010 ; 257: 580-583
    • (2010) J Neurol , vol.257 , pp. 580-583
    • Hellwig, K.1    Haghikia, A.2    Gold, R.3
  • 74
    • 84899087865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogenic effects of AEDs while pregnant
    • (2012, accessed 4 September 2013)
    • Teratogenic effects of AEDs while pregnant. NICE Guideline: The Epilepsies 2012, pp.511-533. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13635/57784/ 57784.pdf (2012, accessed 4 September 2013).
    • (2012) NICE Guideline: The Epilepsies , pp. 511-533
  • 75
    • 84899072275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Information Online: Drugs.com (accessed 4 September 2013)
    • Baclofen pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. Drug Information Online: Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/baclofen.html (accessed 4 September 2013).
    • Baclofen Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings
  • 76
    • 84899072275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Information Online: Drugs.com (accessed 4 September 2013)
    • Oxybutinin pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. Drug Information Online: Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/oxybutynin.html (accessed 4 September 2013).
    • Oxybutinin Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings
  • 77
    • 84899072275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Information Online: Drugs.com (accessed 4 September 2013)
    • Amantadine pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. Drug Information Online: Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/amantadine.html (accessed 4 September 2013).
    • Amantadine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings
  • 78
    • 84899072275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug Information Online: Drugs.com (accessed 4 September 2013)
    • Clonazepam pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. Drug Information Online: Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clonazepam.html (accessed 4 September 2013).
    • Clonazepam Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings
  • 79
    • 77949881007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Content and format of labeling for human prescription drug and biological products; Requirements for pregnancy and lactation labeling
    • (29May2008) (accessed 2 September 2013)
    • Content and format of labeling for human prescription drug and biological products; requirements for pregnancy and lactation labeling. Federal Register 73: 104 (29May2008): pp.30831-30868, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2008-05-29/ content-detail.html (accessed 2 September 2013).
    • Federal Register , vol.73 , Issue.104 , pp. 30831-30868
  • 80
    • 33645515822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy, delivery, and birth outcome in women with multiple sclerosis
    • Dahl J, Myhr KM, Daltveit AK, et al. Pregnancy, delivery, and birth outcome in women with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2005 ; 65: 1961-1963
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 1961-1963
    • Dahl, J.1    Myhr, K.M.2    Daltveit, A.K.3
  • 81
    • 73349117801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstetric outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy
    • Kelly VM, Nelson LM, Chakravarty EF. Obstetric outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Neurology. 2009 ; 73: 1831-1836
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 1831-1836
    • Kelly, V.M.1    Nelson, L.M.2    Chakravarty, E.F.3
  • 82
    • 79960833799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal and delivery outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis
    • van der Kop ML, Pearce MS, Dahlgren L, et al. Neonatal and delivery outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2011 ; 70: 41-50
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.70 , pp. 41-50
    • Van Der Kop, M.L.1    Pearce, M.S.2    Dahlgren, L.3
  • 83
    • 84873618131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth hospitalization in mothers with multiple sclerosis and their newborns
    • Lu E, Zhao Y, Zhu F, et al. Birth hospitalization in mothers with multiple sclerosis and their newborns. Neurology. 2013 ; 80: 447-452
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.80 , pp. 447-452
    • Lu, E.1    Zhao, Y.2    Zhu, F.3
  • 84
    • 2942598062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (the PRIMS study): Clinical predictors of post-partum relapse
    • Vukusic S, Hutchinson M, Hours M, et al. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (the PRIMS study): Clinical predictors of post-partum relapse. Brain. 2004 ; 127: 1353-1360
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 1353-1360
    • Vukusic, S.1    Hutchinson, M.2    Hours, M.3
  • 85
    • 84871675346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural analgesia and cesarean delivery in multiple sclerosis post-partum relapses: The Italian cohort study
    • Pastò L, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A, et al. Epidural analgesia and cesarean delivery in multiple sclerosis post-partum relapses: The Italian cohort study. BMC Neurol. 2012 ; 12: 165
    • (2012) BMC Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 165
    • Pastò, L.1    Portaccio, E.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 86
    • 4444339953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous corticosteroids in the postpartum period for reduction of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis
    • de Seze J, Chapelotte M, Delalande S, et al. Intravenous corticosteroids in the postpartum period for reduction of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2004 ; 10: 596-597
    • (2004) Mult Scler , vol.10 , pp. 596-597
    • De Seze, J.1    Chapelotte, M.2    Delalande, S.3
  • 87
    • 4644350358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment on pregnancy and postpartum-related relapses in multiple sclerosis
    • Achiron A, Kishner I, Dolev M, et al. Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment on pregnancy and postpartum-related relapses in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2004 ; 251: 1133-1137
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , pp. 1133-1137
    • Achiron, A.1    Kishner, I.2    Dolev, M.3
  • 88
    • 35848956089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose comparison study of IVIG in postpartum relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Haas J, Hommes OR. A dose comparison study of IVIG in postpartum relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2007 ; 13: 900-908
    • (2007) Mult Scler , vol.13 , pp. 900-908
    • Haas, J.1    Hommes, O.R.2
  • 89
    • 80051522310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breastfeeding is not related to postpartum relapses in multiple sclerosis
    • Portaccio E, Ghezzi A, Hakiki B, et al. Breastfeeding is not related to postpartum relapses in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2011 ; 77: 145-150
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 145-150
    • Portaccio, E.1    Ghezzi, A.2    Hakiki, B.3
  • 90
    • 68549107984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of postpartum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis
    • Langer-Gould A, Huang SM, Gupta R, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of postpartum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2009 ; 66: 958-963
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 958-963
    • Langer-Gould, A.1    Huang, S.M.2    Gupta, R.3
  • 91
    • 0036791912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol
    • Sicotte NL, Liva SM, Klutch R, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol. Ann Neurol. 2002 ; 52: 421-428
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 421-428
    • Sicotte, N.L.1    Liva, S.M.2    Klutch, R.3
  • 92
    • 34249112028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone treatment in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
    • Sicotte NL, Giesser BS, Tandon V, et al. Testosterone treatment in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Arch Neurol. 2007 ; 64: 683-688
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 683-688
    • Sicotte, N.L.1    Giesser, B.S.2    Tandon, V.3
  • 93
    • 84899093304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of oral contraceptives as add-on therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous interferon b-1a: A multicenter, randomized investigator-run clinical trial
    • Pozzilli C, De Giglio V, Barletta F, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral contraceptives as add-on therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous interferon b-1a: A multicenter, randomized investigator-run clinical trial. Mult Scler. 2012 ; 18: S15
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 15
    • Pozzilli, C.1    De Giglio, V.2    Barletta, F.3
  • 94
    • 70349781936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral contraceptives and the risk of multiple sclerosis: A review of the epidemiologic evidence
    • Alonso A, Clark CJ. Oral contraceptives and the risk of multiple sclerosis: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Neurol Sci. 2009 ; 286: 73-75
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.286 , pp. 73-75
    • Alonso, A.1    Clark, C.J.2
  • 95
    • 84899077473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The POPARTMUS French-Italian multicentric trial of Post-Partum Progestin and Estriol in Multiple Sclerosis: Final results
    • Vukusic S, El-Etr M, Ionescu I, et al. The POPARTMUS French-Italian multicentric trial of Post-Partum Progestin and Estriol in Multiple Sclerosis: Final results. Mult Scler. 2012 ; 18 (S4). 45
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , Issue.S4 , pp. 45
    • Vukusic, S.1    El-Etr, M.2    Ionescu, I.3
  • 96
    • 84867010020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gender on late-onset multiple sclerosis
    • Bove RM, Healy B, Augustine A, et al. Effect of gender on late-onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012 ; 18: 1472-1479
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 1472-1479
    • Bove, R.M.1    Healy, B.2    Augustine, A.3
  • 97
    • 84864321946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pregnancy on conversion to clinically isolated syndrome in a radiologically isolated syndrome cohort
    • Lebrun C, Le Page E, Kantarci O, et al. Impact of pregnancy on conversion to clinically isolated syndrome in a radiologically isolated syndrome cohort. Mult Scler. 2012 ; 18: 1297-1302
    • (2012) Mult Scler , vol.18 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Lebrun, C.1    Le Page, E.2    Kantarci, O.3
  • 98
    • 84883471540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of epidemiological multiple sclerosis registers in research: The Danish MS Registry
    • Koch-Henriksen N, Stenager E, Laursen B. The use of epidemiological multiple sclerosis registers in research: The Danish MS Registry. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012 ; 126 (195). 7-12
    • (2012) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.126 , Issue.195 , pp. 7-12
    • Koch-Henriksen, N.1    Stenager, E.2    Laursen, B.3
  • 99
    • 84883476980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A need for national registries and international collaborative research in multiple sclerosis
    • Myhr KM, Grytten N, Torkildsen Ø, et al. A need for national registries and international collaborative research in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012 ; 126 (195). 1-3
    • (2012) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.126 , Issue.195 , pp. 1-3
    • Myhr, K.M.1    Grytten, N.2    Torkildsen Ø3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.