Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volumn 57, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 13-20

  Berking, Matthias ^a,b   Wirtz, Carolin M ^a,b   Svaldi, Jennifer ^c   Hofmann, Stefan G ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^b PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression; Emotion regulation; Prospective study; Risk factors; Skills

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR CONTROL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; CLINICAL TRIAL; EMOTION; INTERNET; PATIENT EDUCATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGY; SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; DEPRESSION; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERNET; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; RISK FACTORS; SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84898998097     PISSN: 00057967     EISSN: 1873622X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.003     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Aldao A., Nolen-Hoeksema S. When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2012, 121(1):276-281.
2. Andrews G., Issakidis C., Sanderson K., Corry J., Lapsley H. Utilizing survey data to inform public policy: comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of ten mental disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2004, 184:526-533. 10.1192/00-000.
3. Arbuckle J.L. IBM SPSS AMOS 19 user's guide 2010, IBM SPSS, Chicago, IL.
4. Backenstrass M., Frank A., Joest K., Hingmann S., Mundt C., Kronmüller K.T. Acomparative study of nonspecific depressive symptoms and minor depression regarding functional impairment and associated characteristics in primary care. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2006, 47:35-41. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.04.007.
5. Bell A.C., D'Zurilla T.J. Problem-solving therapy for depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 2009, 29:348-353. 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.003.
6. Berking M. Training emotionaler Kompetenzen 2010, Springer, Heidelberg.
7. Berking M., Ebert D., Cuijpers P., Hofmann S.G. Emotion-regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2013, 82:234-245. 10.1159/000348448.
8. Berking M., Margraf M., Ebert D., Wuppermann P., Hofmann S.G., Junghanns K. Deficits in emotion-regulation skills predict alcohol use during and after cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol dependence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2011, 79:307-318. 10.1037/a0023421.
9. Berking M., Meier C., Wupperman P. Enhancing emotion-regulation skills in police officers - results of a controlled study. Behavior Therapy 2010, 41:329-339. 10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.001.
10. Berking M., Orth U., Wuppermann P., Meier L., Casper F. Prospective effects on emotion regulation on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2008, 55:485-494. 10.1037/a0013589.
11. Berking M., Poppe C., Luhmann M., Wuppermann P., Jaggi V., Seifritz E. Emotion-regulation skills and psychopathology: is the ability to modify one's negative emotions the ultimate pathway by which all other skills affect symptoms of mental disorders?. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2012, 43:931-937. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.009.
12. Berking M., Schwarz J. The affect regulation training (ART). Handbook of emotion regulation 2014, 529-547. Guilford, New York. J. Gross (Ed.).
13. Berking, M., & Whitley, B. The affect regulation training (ART). Book in press currently in press. New York: Springer.
14. Berking M., Wupperman P. Emotion regulation and health: state of the art. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2012, 25:128-134. 10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503669.
15. Berking M., Wupperman P., Reichardt A., Pejic T., Dippel A., Znoj H. General emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2008, 46:1230-1237. 10.1016/j.brat.2008.08.005.
16. Berking M., Znoj H. Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur standardisierten Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie 2008, 56:141-152. 10.1024/1661-4747.56.2.141.
17. Bowen S., Chawla N., Collins S.E., Witkiewitz K., Hsu S., Grow J., et al. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: a pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse 2009, 30:295-305. 10.1080/08897070903250084.
18. Brody C.L., Haaga D.A.F., Kirk L., Solomon A. Experiences of anger in people who have recovered from depression and never-depressed people. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 1999, 187:400-405. 10.1097/00005053-199907000-00002.
19. Butler E., Lee T.L., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and culture: are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific?. Emotion 2007, 7:30-48. 10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.30.
20. Campbell-Sills L., Barlow D.H., Brown T.A., Hofmann S.G. Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006, 44:1251-1263. 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.001.
21. Casacalenda N., Perry C., Looper K. Remission in major depressive disorder: a comparison of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and control conditions. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 159:1354-1360. 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1354.
22. Catanzaro S.J., Wasch H.H., Kirsch I., Mearns J. Coping-related expectancies and dispositions as prospective predictors of coping responses and symptoms. Journal of Personality 2000, 68:757-788. 10.1111/1467-6494.00115.
23. Cohen L.H., Gunthert K.C., Butler A.C., O'Neill S.C., Tolpin L.H. Daily affective reactivity as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality 2005, 73:1687-1713. 10.1111/j.0022-3506.2005.00363.x.
24. Conway M., Csank P.A.R., Holm S.L., Blake C.K. On individual differences in rumination on sadness. Journal of Personality Assessment 2000, 75:404-425. 10.1207/S15327752JPA7503_04.
25. Cuijpers P., Berking M., Andersson G., Quigley L., Kleiboer A., Dobson K.S. Ameta-analysis of cognitive behavior therapy for adult depression - alone and in comparison to other treatments. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2013, 58:376-385.
26. Ebert D., Christ O., Berking M. Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur emotionsspezifischen Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen (SEK-ES). Diagnostica 2013, 59:17-32. 10.1026/00121924/a000079.
27. Ehring T., Fischer S., Schnülle J., Bösterling A., Tuschen-Caffier B. Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 44:1574-1584. 10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013.
28. Ehring T., Tuschen-Caffier B., Schnuelle J., Fischer S., Gross J.J. Emotion regulation and vulnerability to depression: spontaneous versus instructed use of emotion suppression and reappraisal. Emotion 2010, 10:563-572. 10.1037/a0019010.
29. Farb N.S., Anderson A.K., Bloch R.T., Segal Z.V. Mood-linked responses in medial prefrontal cortex predict relapse in patients with recurrent unipolar depression. Biological Psychiatry 2011, 70:366-372. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.009.
30. Ferrer E., Nesselroade J.R. Modeling affective processes in dyadic relations via dynamic factor analysis. Emotion 2003, 3:344-360. 10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.344.
31. Finkel S.E. Causal analysis with panel data 1995, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
32. Gilbert P., Baldwin M.W., Irons C., Baccus J.R., Palmer M. Self-criticism and self-warmth: an imagery study exploring their relation to depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 2006, 20:183-200. 10.1891/088983906780639817.
33. Gratz K., Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 2004, 26:41-54.
34. Greenberg L. Emotion-focused psychotherapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings 2002, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
35. Gross J.J., John O.P. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 85:348-362. 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
36. Hatzenbuehler M.L., Mclaughlin K.A., Nolen-Hoeksema S. Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal study of sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2008, 12:1270-1278. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01924.x.
37. Hautzinger M., Bailer M. Allgemeine Depressions Skala 1993, Manual, Beltz Test GmbH, Göttingen.
38. Hayes S.C., Strosahl K.D., Bissett R.T., Pistorello J., Toarmino D., Polusny M.A., et al. Measuring experimental avoidance: a preliminary test of working model. The Psychological Record 2004, 54:553-578.
39. Hofmann S.G., Sawyer A.T., Fang A., Asnaani A. Emotion dysregulation model of mood and anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety 2012, 29:409-416. 10.1002/da.21888.
40. Honkalampi K., Saarinen P., Hintikka J., Virtanen V., Viinamäki H. Factors associated with alexithymia in patients suffering from depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1999, 68:270-275. 10.1159/000012343.
41. Hoyle R.H. Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications 1995, SAGE Publications.
42. Hu L., Bentler P.M. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods 1998, 3:424-453. 10.1037/1082-989X.3.4.424.
43. Hu L., Bentler P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling 1999, 6:1-55. 10.1080/10705519909540118.
44. Jarrett R.B., Minhajuddin A., Borman P.D., Dunlap L., Segal Z.V., Kidner C.L., et al. Cognitive reactivity, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive relapse and recurrence in cognitive therapy responders. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2012, 50(5):280-286. 10.1016/j.brat.2012.01.008.
45. Judd L.L., Akiskal H.S., Masar J.D., Zeller P.J., Endicott J., Coryell W., et al. Major depressive disorder: a prospective study of residual subthreshold depressive symptoms as predictor of rapid relapse. Journal of Affective Disorder 1998, 50:97-108. 10.1016/S0165-0327(98)00138-4.
46. Kassel J.D., Bornovalova M., Mehta N. Generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation predict change in anxiety and depression among college students. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2007, 45:939-950. 10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.014.
47. Keller M.B., Lavori P.W., Mueller T.I., Endicott J.E., Coryell W., Hirschfeld R.M.A., et al. Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1992, 49:809-816. 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010.
48. Kenny D.A. Cross-lagged panel correlation: a test for spuriousness. Psychological Bulletin 1975, 82:887-903. 10.1037/0033-2909.82.6.887.
49. Kessler R.C., Berglund P., Demler O., Jin R., Koretz D., Merikangas, et al. The epidemology of major depressive disorder. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2003, 18:3095-3105. 10.1001/jama.289.23.3095.
50. Koenigs M., Grafman J. The functional neuroanatomy of depression: distinct roles for ventromedial and dosrolateral prefrontal cortex. Behavioural Brain Research 2009, 201:239-243. 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.03.004.
51. Kupfer D.J. Long-term treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991, 52:28-34.
52. Leahy R.L. Amodel of emotional schemas. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2002, 9:177-191. 10.1016/S1077-7229(02)80048-7.
53. Little T.D., Cunningham W.A., Shahar G., Widaman K.F. To parcel or not to parcel: exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling 2002, 9:151-173. 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1.
54. Liverant G.I., Brown T.A., Barlow D.H., Roemer L. Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: the effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2008, 46:1201-1209. 10.1016/j.brat.2008.08.001.
55. Marsh H.W., Antill J.K., Cunningham J.D. Masculinity and femininity: a bipolar construct and independent constructs. Journal of Personality 1989, 57(3):625-663. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00566.x.
56. Mennin D.S., Farach F.J. Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2007, 14:329-352. 10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007. 00094.x.
57. Murray C.J., Lopez A.D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study. The Lancet 1997, 349:1498-1504. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2.
58. O'Neill S.C., Cohen L.H., Tolpin L.H., Gunthert K.C. Affective reactivity to daily interpersonal stressors as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2004, 23:172-194. 10.1521/jscp.23.2.172.31015.
59. Peeters F., Nicolson N.A., Berkhof J., Delespaul P., de Vries M. Effects of daily events on mood states in major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2003, 112:203-211. 10.1037/0021-843X.112.2.203.
60. Radloff L.S. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1977, 3:385-401. 10.1177/014662167700100306.
61. Ritchey M., Dolcos F., Eddington K.M., Strauman T.J., Cabeza R. Neural correlates of emotional processing in depression: changes with cognitive behavioral therapy and predictors of treatment response. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2011, 45:577-587. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.007.
62. Rude S.S., McCarthy C.J. Emotion regulation in depressed and depression vulnerable college students. Cognition and Emotion 2003, 17:799-806. 10.1080/02699930302283.
63. Segal Z.V., Kennedy S., Gemar M., Hood K., Pedersen R., Buis T. Cognitive reactivity to sad mood provocation and the prediction of depressive relapse. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63:749-755. 10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.749.
64. Shih T.-H., Fan X. Comparing response rates in e-mail and paper surveys: a meta-analysis. Educational Research Review 2009, 4:26-40. 10.1016/j.edurev.2008.01.003.
65. Stice E., Ragan J., Randal P. Prospective relations between social support and depression: differential direction of effects for parent and peer support?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2004, 113:155-159.
66. Teasdale J.D., Barnard P.J. Affect, cognition, and change: Remodeling depressive thought 1993, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove, U.K.
67. Thompson R.A. Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 1994, 59:25-52. 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x.
68. Torpey D.C., Klein D.N. Chronic depression: update on classification and treatment. Current Psychiatry Reports 2008, 10:458-464. 10.1007/s11920-008-0074-6.
69. Vittengl J.R., Clark L.A., Dunn T.W., Jarrett R.B. Reducing relapse and recurrence in unipolar depression: a comparative meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy's effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2007, 75(3):475-488. 10.1037/0022-006X.75.3.475.
70. West S.G., Finch J.F. Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: problems and remedies. Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications 1995, 56-75. Sage Publications, Inc, xxii, Thousand Oaks, CA, US. R. H Hoyle (Ed.).