Is the association between various emotion-regulation skills and mental health mediated by the ability to modify emotions? Results from two cross-sectional studies

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 931-937

  Berking, Matthias ^a   Poppe, Christine ^b   Luhmann, Maike ^c   Wupperman, Peggilee ^d,e   Jaggi, Verena ^b   Seifritz, Erich ^b  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

^b Sanatorium Kilchberg ^*  (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^d CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^e YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Emotion regulation; Mediation; Psychopathology; Skills

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BOOTSTRAPPING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; MENTAL PATIENT; SELF REPORT;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGED; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL HEALTH; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SELF REPORT;

EID: 84858720179     PISSN: 00057916     EISSN: 18737943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.009     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217-237.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Backenstrass, M., Pfeiffer, N., Schwarz, T., Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (2008). Reliabilität und Validität der deutschsprachigen version der generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation (NMR) scale. [Reliability and validity of the German version of the generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation (NMR) scale]. Diagnostica, 54, 43-51.
4. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
5. Berking, M. (2010). Training Emotionaler Kompetenzen, 2. Aufl. [Training of emotional competencies] (2nd ed.). Heidelberg: Springer.
6. Berking, M., Margraf, M., Ebert, D., Wupperman, P., Hofmann, S., & Junghanns, K. (2011). Emotion regulation skills as a predictor of relapse during and after treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 307-318.
7. Berking, M., Meier, C., &Wupperman, P. (2010). Enhancing emotion-regulation skills in police officers - results of a controlled study. Behavior Therapy, 41, 329-339.
8. Berking, M., Neacsiu, A., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). The impact of experiential avoidance on the reduction of depression in treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 663-670.
9. Berking, M., Orth, U., Wupperman, P., Meier, L., & Caspar, F. (2008). Prospective effects of emotion regulation on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 485-494.
10. Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and health: State of the Art. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25, 128-134.
11. Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). General emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1230-1237.
12. Berking, M., & Znoj, H. (2008). Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur standardisierten Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen (SEK-27). [Development and validation of the emotion-regulation skills questionnaire (ERSQ-27)]. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 56, 141-152.
13. Boulet, J., & Boss, M. (1991). Reliability and validity of the brief symptom inventory. Psychological Assessment, 3, 433-437.
14. Campbell-Sills, L., & Barlow, D. H. (2007). Incorporating emotion regulation into conceptualizations and treatments of anxiety and mood disorders. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 542-559). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546-563. (Pubitemid 20303608)
16. Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: the experiential avoidance model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 371-394. (Pubitemid 43163111)
17. Ciarrochi, J., Dean, F. P., & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 197-209. (Pubitemid 39659728)
18. Cisler, J. M., Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: an integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 68-82.
19. Cordovil de Sousa Uva, M., de Timary, P., Cortesi, M., Mikolajczak, M., du Roy de Blicquy, P., & Luminet, O. (2010). Moderating effect of emotional intelligence on the role of negative affect in the motivation to drink in alcohol-dependent subjects undergoing protracted withdrawal. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 16-21.
20. Derogatis, L. R., & Spencer, P. M. (1982). The brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring and procedure manual. Riderwood, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research, Inc.
21. Dillon, D. G., Deveney, C. M., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2011). From basic processes to real-world problems: how research on emotion and emotion regulation can inform understanding of psychopathology, and vice versa. Emotion Review, 3, 74-82.
22. Ebert, D., Christ, O., & Berking, M. Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur emotionsspezifischen Selbsteinschätzung emotionaler Kompetenzen (SEKES). Diagnostica, in press.
23. Ehring, T., Fischer, S., Schnulle, J., Bosterling, A., & Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2008). Characteristics of emotion regulation in recovered depressed versus never depressed individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1574-1584.
24. Ehring, T., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Grippenstroh, T., & Berking, M. Reliabilität und Validität der deutschsprachigen version der difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) [Reliability and validity of the German version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS)]. Psychiatry Research, under review.
25. Eifert, G. H., & Heffner, M. (2003). The effects of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 293-312. (Pubitemid 38220691)
26. Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a "transdiagnostic" theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 509-528. (Pubitemid 36438632)
27. Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., & Leen-Feldner, E. W. (1996). A critical review of the empirical literature on coping and panic disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 123-148.
28. Franke, G. H. (2000). BSI. Brief symptom inventory e Deutsche version. [BSI. Brief symptom inventory e German version. Manual]. Göttingen: Beltz.
29. Gerard Pauley, G., & McPherson, S. (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83, 129-143.
30. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. (Pubitemid 38182213)
31. Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance- and mindfulness-based treatments. In R. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and process of change (pp. 107-133). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
32. Greenberg, L. (2002). Emotion-focused psychotherapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
33. Gross, J. J. (2007). Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press.
34. Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299.
35. Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25. (Pubitemid 41656034)
36. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Guilford.
37. Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: a functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152-1168. (Pubitemid 126505418)
38. Hofmann, S., Heering, S., Sawyer, A., & Asnaani, A. (2009). How to handle anxiety: the effects of reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression strategies on anxious arousal. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 389-394.
39. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169-183.
40. Larsen, R. J. (2000). Toward a science of mood regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 129-141.
41. Leahy, R. L. (2002). A model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 177-190.
42. Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
43. Liverant, G. I., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Roemer, L. (2008). Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: the effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1201-1209.
44. MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
45. McArdle, J. J. (2009). Latent variable modeling of differences and changes with longitudinal data. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 577-605.
46. Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation as an integrative framework for understanding and treating psychopathology. In A. M. Kring, & D. S. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 356-379). New York: Guilford Press.
47. Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., Höfer, S., & Schüssler, G. (2009). When you don't like what you feel: experiential avoidance, mindfulness and meta-emotion in emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 448-453.
48. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Mplus user's guide. Los Angeles: Author.
49. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 87-109). New York: The Guilford Press.
50. Ottenbreit, N. D., & Dobson, K. S. (2004). Avoidance and depression: the construction of the cognitive behavioral avoidance scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 293-313. (Pubitemid 38234725)
51. Rottenberg, J., & Johnson, S. L. (Eds.). (2007). Emotion and psychopathology: Bridging affective and clinical science.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
52. Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. New York: Guilford.
53. Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.
54. Sim, L., & Zeman, J. (2005). Emotion-regulation factors as mediators between body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms in early adolescent girls. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 478-496. (Pubitemid 43705933)
55. Slee, N., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., & Arensman, E. (2008). The influence of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression severity on deliberate self-harm. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 274-286.
56. Slee, N., Spinhoven, P., Garnefski, N., & Arensman, E. (2008). Emotion regulation as mediator of treatment outcome in therapy for deliberate self-harm. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 205-216.
57. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290-313). San Francisco: Jossey-Boss.
58. Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding: implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189-222. (Pubitemid 34016025)
59. Svaldi, J., Griepenstroh, J, Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Ehring, T. Emotion regulation deficits in eating disorders: a marker of eating pathology or general psychopathology? Psychiatry Research, under review.
60. Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
61. Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007). Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: Evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behavioral Therapy, 38, 378-391. (Pubitemid 350087859)
62. Werner, K., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: a conceptual framework. In A. M. Kring, & D. M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 13-37). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
63. Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G. A., & Walker, D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol and substance use disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19, 211-228. (Pubitemid 41393177)