Dielectric breakdown strength of epoxy bimodal-polymer-brush-grafted core functionalized silica nanocomposites

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 563-570

  Virtanen, Suvi ^a   Krentz, Timothy ^b   Nelson, J ^b   Schadler, Linda ^b   Bell, Michael ^c   Benicewicz, Brian ^c   Hillborg, Henrik ^d   Zhao, Su ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

^b RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^d ABB CORPORATE RESEARCH   (Sweden)

Author keywords

diele ctric materials.; epoxy resins; Nanotechnology; nonhomogeneous media

Indexed keywords

ACRYLIC MONOMERS; BRUSHES; DIELECTRIC LOSSES; EPOXY RESINS; FILLERS; LOADING; MOLECULES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; ORGANOMETALLICS; POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES;

DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; ELECTRICALLY ACTIVES; FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY; FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA; INTERFACIAL AREAS; NONHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA; POLY(GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE); TRAPPING ELECTRONS;

ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN;

EID: 84898676786     PISSN: 10709878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004415     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. T. Tanaka, G. Montanari and R. Mulhaupt, "Polymer nanocomposites as dielectrics and electrical insulation-perspectives for processing technologies, material characterization and future applications", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., Vol. 11, pp. 763-784, 2004.
2. M. Roy, J. Nelson, R. MacCrone, L. Schadler, C. Reed, R. Keefe and W. Zenger, "Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics-The role of the interface", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., Vol. 12, pp. 629-643, 2005.
3. M. Takala, H. Ranta, P. Nevalainen, P. Pakonen, J. Pelto, M. Karttunen, S. Virtanen, V. Koivu, M. Pettersson, B. Sonerud and K. Kannus, "Dielectric properties and partial discharge endurance of polypropylene-silica nanocomposite", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul., Vol. 17, pp. 1259-1267, 2010.
4. R. C. Smith, J. K. Nelson and L. S. Schadler, "Electrical behavior of particle filled polymer nanocomposites", Physical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites,31st ed., S. J. Tjong and Y.-.Mai, Eds. Cambridge, UK, Woodhead Publishing, 2010.
5. C. A. Grabowski, S. P. Fillery, N. M. Westing, C. Chi, J. S. Meth, M. F. Durstock and R. A. Vaia, "Dielectric breakdown in silica-amorphous polymer nanocomposite films: The Role of the polymer matrix", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 5, pp. 5486-5492, 2013.
6. T.P. Schuman, S. Siddabattuni, O. Cox, F. Dogan, "Improved dielectric breakdown strength of covalently-bonded interface polymer-particle nanocomposites", Composite Interfaces, Vol. 17, pp. 719-731, 2010.
7. S. Siddabattuni, T.P. Schuman and F. Dogan, "Dielectric properties of polymer-particle nanocomposites influenced by electronic nature of filler surfaces", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Vol. 5, pp. 1917-1927, 2013.
8. S. Milner, "Polymer brushes", Science, Vol. 251, pp. 905-914, 1991.
9. A. C. Balazs, T. Emrick and T. P. Russell, "Nanoparticle polymer composites: where two small worlds meet", Science, Vol. 314, pp. 1107-1110, 2006 (Pubitemid 44789033)
10. D. Maillard, S. K. Kumar, A. Rungta, B. C. Benicewicz and R. E. Prud'homme, "Polymer-grafted-nanoparticle surfactants," Nano Lett., Vol. 11, pp. 4569-4573, 2011.
11. K. Yang, X. Huang, L. Xie, C. Wu, P. Jiang and T. Tanaka, "Core-shell structured polystyrene/BaTiO3hybrid nanodielectrics prepared by in situ RAFT polymerization: A route to high dielectric constant and low loss materials with weak frequency dependence", Macromol. Rapid Commun., Vol. 33, pp. 1921-1926, 2012.
12. B. Zhao and W. Brittain, "Polymer brushes: surface-immobilized macromolecules", Prog. Polym. Sci., Vol. 25, pp. 677-710, 2000.
13. G. D. Smith and D. Bedrov, "Dispersing nanoparticles in a polymer matrix: are long, dense polymer tethers really necessary?" Langmuir, Vol. 25, pp. 11239-11243, 2009.
14. Y. Li, P. Tao, A. Vishwanath, B. C. Benicewicz, and L. S. Schadler, "Bimodal surface ligand engineering: The key to tunable nanocomposites", Langmuir, 29, 1211-1220, 2013.
15. H. Kolb, M. Finn and K. Sharpless, "Click chemistry: Diverse chemical function from a few good reactions", Angewandte Chemie-Int'l. Edition, Vol. 40, pp. 2004, 2001.
16. T. Lummerstorfer and H. Hoffmann, "Click chemistry on surfaces: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azide-terminated monolayers on silica", J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 108, pp. 3963-3966, 2004.
17. Y. Wang, J. Chen, J. Xiang, H. Li, Y. Shen, X. Gao and Y. Liang, "Synthesis and characterization of end-functional polymers on silica nanoparticles via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and click chemistry", React. Funct. Polym., Vol. 69, pp. 393-399, 2009.
18. R. Ranjan and W. J. Brittain, "Combination of living radical polymerization and click chemistry for surface modification", Macromolecules, Vol. 40, pp. 6217-6223, 2007. (Pubitemid 47329065)
19. D. E. Achatz, F. J. Heiligtag, X. Li, M. Link and O. S. Wolfbeis, "Colloidal silica nanoparticles for use in click chemistry-based conjugations and fluorescent affinity assays", Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, Vol. 150, pp. 211-219, 2010.
20. B. I. Dach, H. R. Rengifo, N. J. Turro and J. T. Koberstein, "Cross-linked "matrix-free nanocomposites from reactive polymer-silica hybrid nanoparticles", Macromolecules, Vol. 43, pp. 6549-6552, 2010.
21. P. Tao, Y. Li, A. Rungta, A. Viswanath, J. Gao, B. C. Benicewicz, R. W. Siegel and L. S. Schadler, "TiO2 nanocomposites with high refractive index and transparency", J. Materials Chem., Vol. 21, pp. 18623-18629, 2011.
22. J. Gao, J. Li, B. C. Benicewicz, S. Zhao, H. Hillborg, and L.S. Schadler, "The mechanical properties of epoxy composites filled with rubbery copolymer grafted SiO2", Polymers, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 187-210, 2012.
23. Y. Li and B. C. Benicewicz, "Functionalization of silica nanoparticles via the combination of surface-initiated RAFT polymerization and click reactions", Macromolecules, Vol. 41, pp. 7986-7992, 2008.
24. S. Potratz, A. Misra and P. Bäuerle, "Thiophene-based Donor-Acceptor Co-oligomers by Copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition", Beilstein J. Org. Chem., Vol. 8, pp. 683-692, 2012.
25. V. Ganesh, V. S. Sudhir, T. Kundu and S. Chandrasekaran, "10 Years of click chemistry: synthesis and applications of ferrocene-derived triazoles", Chemistry-Asian J., Vol. 6, pp. 2670-2694, No.10, 2011.
26. R. Huisgen, "1.3-Dipolare cycloadditionen-ruckschau und ausblick" Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 75, pp. 604, 1963 (in German).
27. W. Li, Y. Yamamoto, T. Fukushima, A. Saeki, S. Seki, S. Tagawa, H. Masunga, S. Sasaki, M. Takata and T. Aida, "Amphiphilic molecular design as a rational strategy for tailoring bicontinuous electron donor and acceptor arrays: Photoconductive liquid crystalline oligothiophene-C60 dyads", J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 130, pp. 8886-8887, 2008. (Pubitemid 352000816)
28. C. Li, J. Han, C. Y. Ryu and B. Benicewicz, "A versatile method to prepare RAFT agent anchored substrates and the preparation of PMMA grafted nanoparticles", Macromolecules, Vol. 39, pp. 3175-3183, 2006. (Pubitemid 43798060)
29. I. Ball, "The intrinsic electric strength of polyvinyl alcohol and its temperature variation", Proc. IEE-Part I, General, Vol. 98, pp. 84-86, 1951.
30. R. Fava, "Intrinsic electric strength and electromechanical breakdown in polythene", Proc. IEE, UK, Vol. 112, pp. 819-823, 1965.
31. H. S. Khare and D. L. Burris, "A quantitative method for measuring nanocomposite dispersion," Polymer, Vol. 51, pp. 719-729, 2010.
32. R.B. Abernethy, J.E. Breneman, C.H. Medlin, and G.L. Reinman, Weibull Analysis Handbook, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA, 1983.
33. IEEE Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Electrical Insulation Breakdown Data, 930, 2004.
34. R.R. Gagne, C.A. Koval, and G.C. Lisensky, "Ferrocene as an internal standard for electrochemical measurements", Inorganic Chem., Vol. 12, pp. 2854-2855, 1980.
35. M.B. Camarada, P. Jaque, F. R. Díaz, and M. A. del Valle, "Oxidation potential of thiophene oligomers: Theoretical and experimental approach", J. Polymer Sci. Part B: Polymer Phys., Vol. 49, No. 24, pp. 1723-1733, 2011.