Associations between medical student empathy and personality: A multi-institutional study

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2014, Pages

  Costa, Patrício ^a   Alves, Raquel ^a   Neto, Isabel ^b   Marvão, Pedro ^c   Portela, Miguel ^a   Costa, Manuel João ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINHO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BEIRA INTERIOR   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; JEFFERSON SCALE OF PHYSICIAN EMPATHY; MALE; MEDICAL SCHOOL; MEDICAL STUDENT; NEO FIVE FACTOR INVENTORY; PERSONALITY; PORTUGAL; PREDICTIVE VALUE; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; SEX DIFFERENCE; UNIVERSITY; YOUNG ADULT; ADOLESCENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; MULTICENTER STUDY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONALITY; PORTUGAL; ROC CURVE; SELF REPORT; STUDENTS, MEDICAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84898603224     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089254     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Von Fragstein M, Sliverman J, Cushing A, Quilligan S, Salisburg H, et al. (2008) UK consensus statement on the content of communication skills curricula in undergraduate medical education. Med Educ 42: 1100-1107.
2. Suchman A, Roter D, Green M, Lipkin M (1993) Jr Physician satisfaction with primary care office visits. Collaborative Study Group of the American Academy on Physician and Patient. Med Care 31: 1083-1092.
3. Johnson J (1990) Empathy as a Personality disposition. In: Mackay R, Hughes J, Carver E, editors. Empathy in the helping relationship. New York: Springer New York. pp. 49-64.
4. Kim S, Kaplowitz S, Johnston M (2004) The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof 27: 237-251. (Pubitemid 39050604)
5. Vermeire E, Hearnshaw H, Van Royen P, Denekens J (2001) Patient adherence to treatment: Three decades of research. A comprehensive review. J Clin Pharm Ther 26: 331-342. (Pubitemid 32989555)
6. Hojat M, Louis D, Markham F, Wender R, Rabinowitz C, et al. (2011) Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad Medicine 86: 359-364.
7. Rakel D, Barrett B, Zhang Z, Hoeft T, Chewning B, et al. (2011) Perception of empathy in the therapeutic encounter: Effects on the common cold. Patient Educ Couns 85: 390-397.
8. Stepien K, Baernstein A (2006) Educating for empathy. A review. J Gen Intern Med 21: 524-530.
9. Hemmerdinger J, Stoddart S, Lilford R (2007) A systematic review of tests of empathy in medicine. BMC Med Educ 7: 1-8.
10. Hojat M (2007) Empathy in patient care: Antecedents, development, measurement, and outcomes. New York: Springer New York.
11. Rahimi-Madiseh M, Tavakol M, Dennick R, Nasiri J (2010) Empathy in Iranian medical students: A preliminary psychometric analysis and differences by gender and year of medical school. Med Teach 32: 471-478.
12. Hojat M, Axelrod D, Spandorfer J, Mangione S (2013) Enhancing and sustaining empathy in medical students. Med Teach: In press.
13. Batt-Rawden S, Chisolm M, Anton B, Flickinger T (2013) Teaching Empathy to Medical Students: An Updated, Systematic Review. Acad Medicine: In press.
14. Hegazi I, Wilson I (2013) Maintaining empathy in medical school: It is possible. Med Teach: In press.
15. DasGupta S, Charon R (2004) Personal illness narratives: using reflective writing to teach empathy. Acad Medicine 79: 351-356. (Pubitemid 38451086)
16. Hojat M, Zuckerman M, Magee M, Mangione S, Nasca T, et al. (2005) Empathy in medical students as related to specialty interest, personality, and perceptions of mother and father. Pers Individ Dif 39: 1205-1215. (Pubitemid 41548776)
17. Costa P, Magalhǎes E, Costa M (2012) A latent growth model suggests that empathy of medical students does not decline over time. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract: In press.
18. Magalhǎes E, Costa P, Costa M (2012) Empathy of medical students and personality: evidence from the Five-Factor Model. Med Teach 34: 807-812.
19. Nunes P, Williams S, Sa B, Stevenson K (2011) A study of empathy decline in students from five health disciplines during their first year of training. International Journal of Medical Education 2: 12-17.
20. Kataoka H, Norio Koide N, Hojat M, Gonnella J (2009) Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students: Psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education. Acad Medicine 84: 1192-1197.
21. Carmel S, Glick S (1996) Compassionate-empathic physicians: Personality traits and social-organizational factors that enhance or inhibit this behavior pattern. Soc Sci Med 43: 1253-1261. (Pubitemid 26335285)
22. Nettle D, Liddle B (2008) Agreeableness is related to social-cognitive, but not social-perceptual, theory of mind. Eur J Pers 22: 323-335.
23. Magalhǎes E, Costa P, Costa M (2012) Empathy of medical students and personality: evidence from the Five-Factor Model. Med Teach 34: 807-812.
24. Wilson I, Griffin B, Lampe L, Eley D, Corrigan G, et al. (2013) Variation in personality traits of medical students between schools of medicine. Medical teacher: In press.
25. Costa P, McCrae R (1992) The Revised NEO PI/NEO-FFI Professional Manual. Odessa, FI: Psychological Assessment Resources.
26. Rolland J, Parker W, Stumpf H (1998) A psychometric examination of the french translations of the NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI. J Pers Assess 71: 269-291. (Pubitemid 28553602)
27. Lievens F, Coetsier P, De Fruyt F, Maeseneer J (2002) Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: A five-factor model perspective. Med Educ 36: 1050-1056. (Pubitemid 35340940)
28. Costa P, McCrae R, Dye D (1991) Facet scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Pers Individ Dif 12: 887-898.
29. John O, Caspi A, Robins R, Moffitt T, Stouthamer-Loeber M (1994) The ''Little Five'': Exploring the nomological network of the Five-Factor Model of personality in adolescent boys. Child Dev 65: 160-178.
30. Magalhǎes E, Salgueira A, Costa A-J, Costa MJ, Costa P, et al. (2014) NEO-FFI: Psychometric properties of a short personality inventory in a Portuguese context. Psicologia:Reflexǎo e Crítica 27: In press.
31. Magalhǎes E, DeChamplain E, Salgueira A, Costa M (2010) Empatia Me'dica: Adaptaçǎo e validaçǎo de uma escala para estudantes de medicina. In: Nogueira C, Silva I, Lima L, AT A, Cabecinhas R, et al., editors. National Symposia of Psychology Research. pp. 77-89. Available: http://www.actassnip2010.com.
32. Hojat M, Erdmann J, Gonnella J (2013) Personality assessments and outcomes in medical education and the practice of medicine: AMEE Guide No. 79. Med Teach 35: 1267-1301.
33. Lievens F, Ones D, Dilchert S (2009) Personality scale validities increase throughout medical school. J Appl Psychol 94: 1514-1535.
34. Helle L, Nivala M, Kronqvist P, Ericsson K, Lehtinen E (2010) Do prior knowledge, personality and visual perceptual ability predict student performance in microscopic pathology? Med Educ 44: 621-629.
35. Gough H, Bradley P, Mcdonald J (1991) Performance of residents in anesthesiology as related to measures of personality and interests. Psychol Reports 68: 979-994.
36. Shen H, Comrey A (1997) Predicting medical students' academic performances by their cognitive abilities and personality characteristics. Academic Medicine 72: 781-786. (Pubitemid 27407251)
37. Lepine J, Colquitt J, Erez A (2000) Adaptability to changing task contexts: Effects of general cognitive ability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Pers Psychol 53: 563-593.
38. Lievens F, Coetsier P, De Fruyt F, Maeseneer J (2002) Medical students' personality characteristics and academic performance: A five-factor model perspective. Med Educ 36: 1050-1056. (Pubitemid 35340940)
39. Barrick M, Mount M (1991) The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Pers Psychol 44: 1-26.
40. Salgado J (1998) Big Five personality dimensions and job performance in Army and civil occupations: A European perspective. Hum Perform 11: 271-288.
41. Dudley N, Orvis K, Lebiecki J, Cortina J (2006) A meta-analytic investigation of conscientiousness in the prediction of job performance: Examining the intercorrelations and the incremental validity of narrow traits. J Appl Psychol 91: 40-57. (Pubitemid 43145688)
42. Burch G, Anderson N (2008) Personality as a predictor of work-related behavior and performance: Recent advances and directions for future research. In: Hodgkinson G, Ford J, editors. International review of industrial and organizational psychology. Chichester, UK. pp. 261-305. doi:10.1002/ 9780470773277.ch8.
43. Hojat M, Erdmann J, Gonnella J (2013) Personality assessments and outcomes in medical education and the practice of medicine: AMEE Guide No. 79. Med Teach 35: 1267-1301.
44. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, et al. (2009) The Devil is in the Third Year: A Longitudinal. Acad Medicine 84: 1182-1191.
45. Misra-Herbert A, Issaacson J, Kohn M, Hull A, Hojat M (2012) Improving empathy of physicians through guided reflective writing. Int J Med Educ 3: 71-77.