메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 152-160

WISC-IV Unusual Digit Span Performance in a Sample of Adolescents With Learning Disabilities

Author keywords

adolescents; assessment; Digit Span; effort testing; embedded measures; symptom validity

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; COGNITION DISORDERS; COMPLICATION; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE TEST; LEARNING DISORDER; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY;

EID: 84898545604     PISSN: 21622965     EISSN: 21622973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2012.753570     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0024651517 scopus 로고
    • Minimizing and detecting false positive diagnoses of learning disabilities
    • Adelman, H. S., Lauber, B., Nelson, P., & Smith, D. (1989). Minimizing and detecting false positive diagnoses of learning disabilities, Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 234 - 244.
    • (1989) Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.22 , pp. 234-244
    • Adelman, H.S.1    Lauber, B.2    Nelson, P.3    Smith, D.4
  • 2
    • 34047152324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) practice guideline
    • Neuropsychology AmericanAcademyofClinical
    • American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. (2007). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) practice guideline. Clinical Neuropsychology, 21 (2), 209 - 231.
    • (2007) Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-231
  • 4
    • 30344460502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of various Digit Span scores in the detection of suspect effort
    • Babikian, T., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., & Arnold, G. (2006). Sensitivity and specificity of various Digit Span scores in the detection of suspect effort, Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 145 - 159. doi: 10.1080/ 13854040590947362
    • (2006) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.20 , pp. 145-159
    • Babikian, T.1    Boone, K.B.2    Lu, P.3    Arnold, G.4
  • 5
    • 34547662123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 and Word Memory Test Immediate Recognition as screening tools for insufficient effort
    • Bauer, L., O'Bryant, S. E., Lynch, J. K., McCaffrey, R. J., & Fisher, J. M. (2007). Examining the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 and Word Memory Test Immediate Recognition as screening tools for insufficient effort, Assessment, 14, 215 - 222.
    • (2007) Assessment , vol.14 , pp. 215-222
    • Bauer, L.1    O'Bryant, S.E.2    Lynch, J.K.3    McCaffrey, R.J.4    Fisher, J.M.5
  • 6
    • 0005560019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical implications of differences between the American and Canadian norms for WISC-III and a short form for children with learning disabilities
    • Beal, A. L., Dumont, R., Cruse, C. L., & Branche, A. H. (1996). Practical implications of differences between the American and Canadian norms for WISC-III and a short form for children with learning disabilities, Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 12, 7 - 14.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of School Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 7-14
    • Beal, A.L.1    Dumont, R.2    Cruse, C.L.3    Branche, A.H.4
  • 7
    • 44649179349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT
    • Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 379 - 391.
    • (2008) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.23 , pp. 379-391
    • Blaskewitz, N.1    Merten, T.2    Kathmann, N.3
  • 8
    • 67650657868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations
    • Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations, Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 729 - 741. doi: 10.1080/138540408024 27803
    • (2009) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.23 , pp. 729-741
    • Boone, K.B.1
  • 11
    • 49249132446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • Dumont, R., & Willis, J. (2001b >). Using the DWI or GIA. Retrieved from http://alpha.fdu.edu/psychology/using_the_dwi_or_gia.htm
    • (2001) Using the DWI or GIA
    • Dumont, R.1    Willis, J.2
  • 12
    • 20744446075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable Digit Span is unaffected by laboratory-induced Pain: Implications for clinical use
    • Etherton, J. L., Bianchini, K. J., Ciota, M. A., & Greve, K. W. (2005). Reliable Digit Span is unaffected by laboratory-induced Pain: Implications for clinical use. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12 (1), 101 - 106.
    • (2005) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-106
    • Etherton, J.L.1    Bianchini, K.J.2    Ciota, M.A.3    Greve, K.W.4
  • 13
    • 0023730903 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric malingering: The capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing
    • Faust, D., Hart, K. J., & Guilmette, T. J. (1988). Pediatric malingering: The capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 578 - 582.
    • (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 578-582
    • Faust, D.1    Hart, K.J.2    Guilmette, T.J.3
  • 15
    • 78249256791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using objective effort measures to detect noncredible cognitive test performance in children and adolescents
    • In:, In: Morgan J. E., editorsSweet J. J., editors New York, NY, Psychology Press
    • Flaro, L., & Boone, K. (2009). Using objective effort measures to detect noncredible cognitive test performance in children and adolescents. In J. E. Morgan, & J. J. Sweet (Eds.), Neuropsychology of malingering casebook (pp. 369 - 376). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    • (2009) Neuropsychology of malingering casebook , pp. 369-376
    • Flaro, L.1    Boone, K.2
  • 16
    • 34248659414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Word Memory Test failure 23 times higher in mild brain injury than in parents seeking custody: The power of external incentives
    • Flaro, L., Green, P., & Robertson, E. (2007). Word Memory Test failure 23 times higher in mild brain injury than in parents seeking custody: The power of external incentives, Brain Injury, 21, 373 - 383.
    • (2007) Brain Injury , vol.21 , pp. 373-383
    • Flaro, L.1    Green, P.2    Robertson, E.3
  • 18
    • 0142059668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Word Memory Test performance in children
    • Green, P., & Flaro, L. (2003). Word Memory Test performance in children, Child Neuropsychology, 9, 189 - 207.
    • (2003) Child Neuropsychology , vol.9 , pp. 189-207
    • Green, P.1    Flaro, L.2
  • 19
    • 69349100508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury
    • Green, P., Flaro, L., & Courtney, J. (2009). Examining false positives on the Word Memory Test in adults with mild traumatic brain injury, Brain Injury, 23, 741 - 750. doi: 10.1080/02699050903133962
    • (2009) Brain Injury , vol.23 , pp. 741-750
    • Green, P.1    Flaro, L.2    Courtney, J.3
  • 20
    • 0027991335 scopus 로고
    • Validation of malingered amnesic measures with a large clinical sample
    • Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesic measures with a large clinical sample, Psychological Assessment, 6, 218 - 224.
    • (1994) Psychological Assessment , vol.6 , pp. 218-224
    • Greiffenstein, M.F.1    Baker, W.J.2    Gola, T.3
  • 21
    • 73649114558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Reliable Digit Span test in chronic pain: Classification accuracy in detecting malingered pain-related disability
    • Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Etherton, J. L., Meyers, J. E., Curtis, K. L., & Ord, J. S. (2010). The Reliable Digit Span test in chronic pain: Classification accuracy in detecting malingered pain-related disability, Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24, 137 - 152. doi: 10.1080/13854040902927546
    • (2010) Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.24 , pp. 137-152
    • Greve, K.W.1    Bianchini, K.J.2    Etherton, J.L.3    Meyers, J.E.4    Curtis, K.L.5    Ord, J.S.6
  • 22
    • 33846875863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malingering in toxic exposure: Classification accuracy of Reliable Digit Span and WAIS-III Digit Span scaled scores
    • Greve, K. W., Springer, S., Bianchini, K. J., Black, F. W., Heinly, M. T., Love, J. M., Ciota, M. A. (2007). Malingering in toxic exposure: Classification accuracy of Reliable Digit Span and WAIS-III Digit Span scaled scores, Assessment, 14, 12 - 21.
    • (2007) Assessment , vol.14 , pp. 12-21
    • Greve, K.W.1    Springer, S.2    Bianchini, K.J.3    Black, F.W.4    Heinly, M.T.5    Love, J.M.6    Ciota, M.A.7
  • 23
    • 34250336525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying students faking ADHD: Preliminary findings and strategies for detection
    • Harrison, A. G., Edwards, M. E., & Parker, K. P. (2007). Identifying students faking ADHD: Preliminary findings and strategies for detection, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22, 577 - 588.
    • (2007) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.22 , pp. 577-588
    • Harrison, A.G.1    Edwards, M.E.2    Parker, K.P.3
  • 24
    • 51549116055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying students feigning dyslexia: Preliminary findings and strategies for detection
    • Harrison, A. G., Edwards, M. E., & Parker, K. P. (2008). Identifying students feigning dyslexia: Preliminary findings and strategies for detection, Dyslexia, 14, 228 - 246.
    • (2008) Dyslexia , vol.14 , pp. 228-246
    • Harrison, A.G.1    Edwards, M.E.2    Parker, K.P.3
  • 25
    • 77955265954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining unusual Digit Span performance in a population of postsecondary students assessed for academic difficulties
    • Harrison, A. G., Rosenblum, Y., & Currie, S. (2010). Examining unusual Digit Span performance in a population of postsecondary students assessed for academic difficulties, Assessment, 17, 283 - 293. doi: 10.1177/1073191109348590
    • (2010) Assessment , vol.17 , pp. 283-293
    • Harrison, A.G.1    Rosenblum, Y.2    Currie, S.3
  • 26
    • 28244492846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WAIS Digit Span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury
    • Heinly, M., Greve, K., Bianchini, K., Love, J., & Brennan, A. (2004). WAIS Digit Span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury, Assessment, 12, 429 - 444.
    • (2004) Assessment , vol.12 , pp. 429-444
    • Heinly, M.1    Greve, K.2    Bianchini, K.3    Love, J.4    Brennan, A.5
  • 28
    • 29144509585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WAIS-III General Ability Index in neuropsychiatry and forensic psychiatry inpatient samples
    • Iverson, G., Lange, R., Viljoen, H., & Brink, J. (2006). The WAIS-III General Ability Index in neuropsychiatry and forensic psychiatry inpatient samples, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 77 - 82.
    • (2006) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.21 , pp. 77-82
    • Iverson, G.1    Lange, R.2    Viljoen, H.3    Brink, J.4
  • 29
    • 0037243422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting malingering on the WAIS-III: Unusual Digit Span performance patterns in the normal population and in clinical groups
    • Iverson, G. L., & Tulsky, D. S. (2003). Detecting malingering on the WAIS-III: Unusual Digit Span performance patterns in the normal population and in clinical groups, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 1 - 9.
    • (2003) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 1-9
    • Iverson, G.L.1    Tulsky, D.S.2
  • 30
    • 80051973138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations
    • Kirkwood, M. W., Hargrave, D. D., & Kirk, J. W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 377 - 384. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acr040
    • (2011) Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.26 , pp. 377-384
    • Kirkwood, M.W.1    Hargrave, D.D.2    Kirk, J.W.3
  • 31
    • 78249287832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncredible effort during pediatric neuropsychological exam: A case series and literature review
    • Kirkwood, M. W., Kirk, J. W., Blaha, R. Z., & Wilson, P. (2010). Noncredible effort during pediatric neuropsychological exam: A case series and literature review, Child Neuropsychology, 16, 604 - 618. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2010.495059
    • (2010) Child Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 604-618
    • Kirkwood, M.W.1    Kirk, J.W.2    Blaha, R.Z.3    Wilson, P.4
  • 32
    • 84863113094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of symptom validity test failure for ability-based test performance in a pediatric sample
    • doi:10.1037/a0024628
    • Kirkwood, M. W., Yeates, K. O., Randolph, C., & Kirk, J. W. (2012). The implications of symptom validity test failure for ability-based test performance in a pediatric sample. Psychological Assessment, 24, 36 - 45 doi:10.1037/a0024628
    • (2012) Psychological Assessment , vol.24 , pp. 36-45
    • Kirkwood, M.W.1    Yeates, K.O.2    Randolph, C.3    Kirk, J.W.4
  • 33
    • 84883208247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Word Memory Test performance in Canadian adolescents with learning disabilities: A preliminary study
    • Larochette, A., & Harrison, A. G. (2012). Word Memory Test performance in Canadian adolescents with learning disabilities: A preliminary study, Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 1, 38 - 47.
    • (2012) Applied Neuropsychology: Child , vol.1 , pp. 38-47
    • Larochette, A.1    Harrison, A.G.2
  • 34
    • 46449093698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregation across multiple indicators improves the detection of malingering: Relationship to likelihood ratios
    • Larrabee, G. J. (2008). Aggregation across multiple indicators improves the detection of malingering: Relationship to likelihood ratios, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 666 - 679.
    • (2008) The Clinical Neuropsychologist , vol.22 , pp. 666-679
    • Larrabee, G.J.1
  • 36
    • 0036267396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspect cognitive symptoms in a 9-year-old child: Malingering by proxy?
    • Lu, P. H., & Boone, K. B. (2002). Suspect cognitive symptoms in a 9-year-old child: Malingering by proxy?, Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 90 - 96.
    • (2002) Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 90-96
    • Lu, P.H.1    Boone, K.B.2
  • 37
    • 65249160310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic motivation and rewards: What sustains young children's engagement with text?
    • Marinak, B., & Gambrell, L. B. (2008). Intrinsic motivation and rewards: What sustains young children's engagement with text?, Literacy Research and Instruction, 47, 9 - 26.
    • (2008) Literacy Research and Instruction , vol.47 , pp. 9-26
    • Marinak, B.1    Gambrell, L.B.2
  • 38
    • 0036716207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the Reliable Digit Span in traumatic brain injury
    • Mathias, C. W., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Houston, R. J., & Crouch, J. A. (2002). Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the Reliable Digit Span in traumatic brain injury, Assessment, 9, 302 - 308.
    • (2002) Assessment , vol.9 , pp. 302-308
    • Mathias, C.W.1    Greve, K.W.2    Bianchini, K.J.3    Houston, R.J.4    Crouch, J.A.5
  • 39
    • 84917487931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malingering following documented brain injury: Neuropsychological evaluation of children in a forensic setting
    • In:, In: Morgan J. E., editorsSweet J. J., editors New York, NY, Psychology Press
    • McCaffrey, R. J., & Lynch, J. K. (2009). Malingering following documented brain injury: Neuropsychological evaluation of children in a forensic setting. In J. E. Morgan, & J. J. Sweet (Eds.), Neuropsychology of malingering casebook (pp. 377 - 385). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    • (2009) Neuropsychology of malingering casebook , pp. 377-385
    • McCaffrey, R.J.1    Lynch, J.K.2
  • 40
    • 33746704332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the role of working memory in reading relative to the big three processing variables (orthography, phonology, and rapid naming)?
    • McCallum, R. S., Bell, S., Wood, M., Below, J., Choate, S., & McCane, S. (2006). What is the role of working memory in reading relative to the big three processing variables (orthography, phonology, and rapid naming)?, Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 24, 243 - 259.
    • (2006) Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , vol.24 , pp. 243-259
    • McCallum, R.S.1    Bell, S.2    Wood, M.3    Below, J.4    Choate, S.5    McCane, S.6
  • 41
    • 0031663129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of incomplete effort on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised: A cross-validation
    • Millis, S. R., Ross, S. R., & Ricker, J. H. (1998). Detection of incomplete effort on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised: A cross-validation, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20, 167 - 173.
    • (1998) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.20 , pp. 167-173
    • Millis, S.R.1    Ross, S.R.2    Ricker, J.H.3
  • 43
    • 0001938295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WISC-III in context
    • In:, In: Prifitera A., editorsSaklofske D. H., editors New York, NY, Academic
    • Prifitera, A., Weiss, L. G., & Saklofske, D. H. (1998). The WISC-III in context. In A. Prifitera, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), WISC-III: Clinical use and interpretation (pp. 1 - 38). New York, NY: Academic.
    • (1998) WISC-III: Clinical use and interpretation , pp. 1-38
    • Prifitera, A.1    Weiss, L.G.2    Saklofske, D.H.3
  • 46
    • 74749107519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deception in children and adolescents
    • In: Rogers R., editors 3rd ed., New York, NY, Guilford
    • Salekin, R. T., Kubak, F. A., & Lee, Z. (2007). Deception in children and adolescents. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (3rd ed., pp. 343 - 364). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2007) Clinical assessment of malingering and deception , pp. 343-364
    • Salekin, R.T.1    Kubak, F.A.2    Lee, Z.3
  • 47
    • 84857585342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable Digit Span: A systematic review and cross-validation study
    • Schroeder, R. W., Twumasi-Ankrah, P., Baade, L. E., & Marshall, P. S. (2012). Reliable Digit Span: A systematic review and cross-validation study, Assessment, 19, 21 - 30. doi: 10.1177/1073191111428764
    • (2012) Assessment , vol.19 , pp. 21-30
    • Schroeder, R.W.1    Twumasi-Ankrah, P.2    Baade, L.E.3    Marshall, P.S.4
  • 48
    • 20344362919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do visual processing deficits cause problems on response time task for dyslexics?
    • Sigmundsson, H. (2005). Do visual processing deficits cause problems on response time task for dyslexics?, Brain and Cognition, 58, 213 - 216.
    • (2005) Brain and Cognition , vol.58 , pp. 213-216
    • Sigmundsson, H.1
  • 49
    • 0030473684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Victoria Symptom Validity Test: Efficiency for detecting feigned memory impairment and relationship to neuropsychological tests and MMPI-2 validity scales
    • Slick, D. J., Hopp, G., Strauss, E., & Spellacy, F. J. (1996). Victoria Symptom Validity Test: Efficiency for detecting feigned memory impairment and relationship to neuropsychological tests and MMPI-2 validity scales, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 911 - 922.
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.18 , pp. 911-922
    • Slick, D.J.1    Hopp, G.2    Strauss, E.3    Spellacy, F.J.4
  • 50
    • 0006325606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research
    • Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. Clinical Neuropsychology, 13 (4), 545 - 561. doi: 10.1076/1385-4046(199911)13:04;1-Y;FT545
    • (1999) Clinical Neuropsychology , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 545-561
    • Slick, D.J.1    Sherman, E.M.2    Iverson, G.L.3
  • 51
    • 0028283647 scopus 로고
    • Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data
    • Trueblood, W. (1994). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of malingered and other invalid WAIS-R and clinical memory data, Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 597 - 607.
    • (1994) Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 597-607
    • Trueblood, W.1
  • 52
    • 33746926377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder/learning disability and their proneness to accidents
    • Uzi, B., & Mona, B. (2006). Adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder/learning disability and their proneness to accidents, The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 73, 299 - 303.
    • (2006) The Indian Journal of Pediatrics , vol.73 , pp. 299-303
    • Uzi, B.1    Mona, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.