The reliable digit span test in chronic pain: Classification accuracy in detecting malingered pain-related disability

Clinical Neuropsychologist

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 137-152

  Greve, Kevin W ^a,b   Bianchini, Kevin J ^a,b   Etherton, Joseph L ^b,c   Meyers, John E ^d   Curtis, Kelly L ^a,b   Ord, Jonathan S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS   (United States)

^b Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group   (United States)

^c TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Center for Neurosciences Orthopedics and Spine   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic pain; Cognition; Criterion groups design; Malingered pain related disability; Reliable digit span; Response bias; Symptom validity test

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CHRONIC DISEASE; DISABILITY EVALUATION; DISABLED PERSONS; FEMALE; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HUMANS; MALE; MALINGERING; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; ROC CURVE;

EID: 73649114558     PISSN: 13854046     EISSN: 17444144     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13854040902927546     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Bianchini, K. J., Etherton, J. L., & Greve, K. W. (2004). Diagnosing cognitive malingering in patients with work-related pain: Four cases. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 4, 65-85.
2. Bianchini, K. J., Etherton, J. L., Greve, K. W., Heinly, M. T., & Meyers, J. E. (2008). Classification accuracy of MMPI-2 validity scales in the detection of pain-related malingering: A known-groups approach. Assessment, 15, 435-449.
3. Bianchini, K. J., Greve, K. W., & Glynn, G. (2005). On the diagnosis of malingered painrelated disability: Lessons from cognitive malingering research. Spine Journal, 5, 404-417.
4. Bianchini, K. J., Mathias, C. W., & Greve, K. W. (2001). Symptom validity testing: A critical review. Clinical Neuropsychology, 15, 19-45.
5. Binder, L. M. (1993). Portlan Digit Recognition Test manual (2nd ed.). Private publication, Portland, OR: USA.
6. Boone, K. B. (2007). Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
7. Butcher, J. N., Dahlstrom, W., Graham, J., Tellegen, A., & Kaemmer, B. (1989). MMPI-2: Manual for administration and scoring. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
8. Butters, N., & Cermak, L. S. (1980). Alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. An informationprocessing approach to amnesia. New York: Academic Press.
9. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). California Verbal Learning Test: Adult version. Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
10. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test: Adult version. Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
11. Ericsson, M., Poston, W. S., Linder, J., Taylor, J. E., Haddock, C. K., & Foreyt, J. P. (2002). Depression predicts disability in long-term chronic pain patients. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24, 334-340.
12. Etherton, J. L., Bianchini, K. J., Ciota, M. A., & Greve, K. W. (2005a). Reliable Digit Span is unaffected by laboratory-induced pain: Implications for clinical use. Assessment, 12, 101-106.
13. Etherton, J. L., Bianchini, K. J., Greve, K. W., & Heinly, M. T. (2005b). Sensitivity and specificity of Reliable Digit Span in malingered pain-related disability. Assessment, 12, 130-136.
14. Green, P. (2005). Green's Word Memory Test for Window's: User's manual. Edmonton, Canada: Green's Publishing: Inc.
15. Green, P., Allen, L. M., & Astner, K. (1996). The Word Memory Test: A user's guide to the oral and computer-administered forms, US Version 1.1. Durham, NC: CogniSyst.
16. Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesic measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218-224.
17. Greve, K. W., & Bianchini, K. J. (2004). Setting empirical cut-offs on psychometric indicators of negative response bias: A methodological commentary with recommendations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 533-541.
18. Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., & Ameduri, C. J. (2003). Use of a forced-choice test of tactile discrimination in the evaluation of functional sensory loss: A report of 3 cases. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 84, 1233-1236.
19. Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Etherton, J. L., Ord, J., & Curtis, K. L. (2009a). Detecting malingered pain-related disability: Classification accuracy of the Portland Digit Recognition Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 850-869.
20. Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Love, J. M., Brennan, A., & Heinly, M. T. (2006). Sencitivity and specificity of MMPI-2 validity scales and indicators to Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction in traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 491-512. (Pubitemid 44221702)
21. Greve, K. W., Etherton, J. L., Ord, J., Bianchini, K. J., & Curtis, K. L. (2009b). Detecting malingered pain-related disability: Classification accuracy of the Test of Memory Malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1250-1271.
22. Greve, K. W., Ord, J., Curtis, K. L., Bianchini, K. J., & Brennan, A. (2008). Detecting malingering in traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: A comparison of three forcedchoice symptom validity tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 896-918.
23. Greve, K. W., Springer, S., Bianchini, K. J., Black, F. W., Heinly, M. T., Love, J. M., et al. (2007). Malingering in toxic exposure: Classification accuracy of Reliable Digit Span and WAIS-III Digit Span scaled scores. Assessment, 14, 12-21.
24. Grimes, D. A., & Schulz, K. F. (2005). Refining clinical diagnosis with likelihood ratios. Lancet, 365, 1500-1505.
25. Grote, C. L., & Hook, J. N. (2007). Forced-choice recognition tests of malingering. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits (pp. 44-79). New York: Oxford University Press.
26. Heinly, M. T., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Love, J. L., & Brennan, A. (2005). WAIS Digit Span-based indicators of malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Classification accuracy in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 12, 429-444.
27. Iverson, G. L., & Franzen, M. D. (1994). The Recognition Memory Test, Digit Span, and Knox Cube Test as markers of malingered memory impairment. Assessment, 1, 323-334.
28. Iverson, G. L., & Franzen, M. D. (1996). Using multiple objective memory procedures to detect simulated malingering. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18, 38-51.
29. Iverson, G. L., King, R. J., Scott, J. G., & Adams, R. L. (2001). Cognitive complaints in litigating patients with head injuries or chronic pain. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 19-30.
30. Iverson, G. L., & McCracken, L. M. (1997). " Postconcussive" symptoms in persons with chronic pain. Brain Injury, 11, 783-790.
31. Iverson, G. L., & Tulsky, D. S. (2003). Detecting malingering on the WAIS-III: Unusual Digit Span performance patterns in the normal population and in clinical groups. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 1-9.
32. Larrabee, G. J. (2007). Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits. New York: Oxford University Press.
33. Meyers, J. E., & Diep, A. (2000). Assessment of malingering in chronic pain patients using neuropsychological tests. Applied Neuropsychology, 7, 133-139.
34. Meyers, J. E., & Volbrecht, M. E. (2003). A validation of multiple malingering detection methods in a large clinical sample. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 18, 261-276.
35. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee of the Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. (1993). Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 86-87.
36. Rogers, R. (1997). Researching dissimulation. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (pp. 398-426). New York: Guilford Press.
37. Schnurr, R. F., & MacDonald, M. R. (1995). Memory complaints in chronic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 11, 103-111.
38. Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M. S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingering neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 545-561.
39. Suhr, J. A., & Barrash, J. (2007). Performance on standard attention, memory, and psychomotor speed tasks as indicators of malingering. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Assessment of malingered neuropsychological deficits (pp. 131-170). New York: Oxford University Press.
40. Tombaugh, T. (1996). Test of Memory Malingering manual. New York: MultiHealth Systems.
41. Wechsler, D. A. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. New York: Psychological Corporation.
42. Wilson, K. G., Eriksson, M. Y., D'Eon, J. L., Mikail, S. F., & Emery, P. C. (2002). Major depression and insomnia in chronic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 18, 77-83.