An explicit representation of vertical momentum transport in a multiscale modeling framework through its 2-d cloud-resolving model component

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 2356-2374

  Cheng, Anning ^a,b   Xu, Kuan Man ^b  

^a SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

^b NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); STORMS;

EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; MOMENTUM TRANSPORTS; MULTI-SCALE MODELING; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES;

MOMENTUM TRANSFER;

AMPLITUDE; CONVECTIVE CLOUD; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DIABATIC PROCESS; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; MASS TRANSFER; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; MONSOON; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SUMMER; TROPOSPHERE; TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; VERTICAL MOVEMENT; WIND SHEAR;

FAR EAST;

EID: 84898465921     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021078     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Arakawa, A., and Y. Mintz (1974), The UCLA atmospheric general circulation model, Rep. XIII, 11 pp., Dept. of Meteorology, Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles.
2. Asai, T. (1970), Three-dimensional features of thermal convection in a plane Couette flow, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 48, 18–29.
3. Asai, T. (1972), Thermal instability of a shear flow turning the direction with height, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 50, 525–531.
4. Barkstrom, B. R., and J. B. Hall Jr. (1982), Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE): An overview, J. Energy, 6, 141–146.
5. Chen, H., T. Zhou, R. B. Neale, X. Wu, and G. Zhang (2010), Performance of the new NCAR CAM3.5 in East Asian summer monsoon simulations: Sensitivity to modifications of the convection scheme, J. Clim., 23, 3657–3675.
6. Chen, Q. S., W. L. Li, and J. H. Mao (1964), The mean flow fields and meridional cells in the regions of southwesterly monsoon over Southeast Asia and trade wind over the Pacific, Acta Meteorol. Sin., 34, 51–61.
7. Cheng, A. (2005a), Organization of mesoscale convective systems. Part I: Numerical experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S11, doi:10.1029/2004JD005444.
8. Cheng, A. (2005b), Organization of mesoscale convective systems. Part II: Linear theory, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S12, doi:10.1029/2004JD005450.
9. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu (2006), Simulation of shallow cumuli and their transition to deep convective clouds by cloud-resolving models with different third-order turbulence closures, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 132, 359–382, doi:10.1256/qj.05.29.
10. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu (2008), Simulation of boundary-layer cumulus and stratocumulus clouds with a cloud-resolving model with low- and third-order turbulence closure, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 86A, 67–86, doi:10.2151/jmsj.86A.67.
11. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu (2011), Improved low-cloud simulation from a multiscale modeling framework with a third-order turbulence closure in its cloud-resolving model component, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D14101, doi:10.1029/2010JD015362.
12. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu (2013a), Evaluating low-cloud simulation from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part III: Tropical and subtropical cloud transitions over the northern Pacific, J. Clim., 26, 5761–5781.
13. Cheng, A., and K.-M. Xu (2013b), Diurnal variability of low clouds in the southeast Pacific simulated by an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 9191–9208, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50683.
14. Cheng, A., K.-M. Xu, and J.-C. Golaz (2004), The liquid-water oscillation in modeling boundary-layer cumuli with third-order turbulence closure models, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 1621–1629.
15. DeMott, A. C., D. A. Randall, and M. Khairoutdinov (2010), Implied ocean heat transports in the standard and superparameterized Community Atmospheric Models, J. Clim., 23, 1908–1928.
16. DeMott, A. C., C. Stan, D. A. Randall, J. L. Kinter, and M. Khairoutdinov (2011), The Asian Monsoon in the superparameterized CCSM and its relationship to tropical wave activity, J. Clim., 24, 5134–5156.
17. Deng, L., and X. Wu (2010), Effects of convective processes on GCM simulations of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, J. Clim., 23, 352–377.
18. Gent, P. R., et al. (2011), The Community Climate System Model version 4, J. Clim., 24, 4973–4991, doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1.
19. Gleckler, P. J., et al. (1995), Cloud-radiative effects on implied oceanic energy transports as simulated by atmospheric general circulation models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 791–794.
20. Grabowski, W. W., and M. W. Moncrieff (2001), Largescale organization of tropical convection in two dimensional explicit numerical simulations, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 445–468.
21. Gregory, D., R. Kershaw, and P. M. Inness (1997), Parameterization of momentum transport by convection, II: Tests in single column and general circulation models, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1153–1183.
22. Han, J., and H. L. Pan (2006), Sensitivity of hurricane intensity forecast to convective momentum transport parameterization, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 664–674, doi:10.1175/MWR3090.1.
23. Houze, R. A., Jr. (1973), A climatological study of vertical transports by cumulus-scale convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1112–1123.
24. Johnson, R. H., S. L. Aves, P. E. Ciesielski, and T. D. Keenan (2005), Organization of oceanic convection during the onset of the 1998 East Asian summer monsoon, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 131–148.
25. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter (2002), NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2), Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1631–1643.
26. Kershaw, R., and D. Gregory (1997), Parameterization of momentum transport by convection. I: Theory and cloud modeling results, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1133–1151.
27. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall (2001), A cloud resolving model as a cloud parameterization in the NCAR community climate system model: Preliminary results, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3617–3620.
28. Khairoutdinov, M. F., and D. A. Randall (2003), Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 607–625.
29. Khairoutdinov, M. F., D. A. Randall, and C. A. DeMott (2005), Simulations of the atmospheric general circulation using a cloud-resolving model as a superparameterization of physical processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2136–2154.
30. Khairoutdinov, M. F., C. A. DeMott, and D. A. Randall (2008), Evaluation of the simulated interannual and subseasonal variability in an AMIP-style simulation using the CSU multiscale modeling framework, J. Clim., 21, 413–431.
31. Kim, D., J. S. Kug, I. S. Kang, F. F. Jin, and A. T. Wittenberg (2008), Tropical Pacific impacts of convective momentum transport in the SNU coupled GCM, Clim. Dyn., 31, 213–226, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0348-4.
32. LeMone, M. A., G. M. Barnes, and E. J. Zipser (1984), Momentum flux by lines of cumulonimbus over the tropical oceans, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1914–1932.
33. LeMone, M. A., E. J. Zipser, and S. B. Trier (1998), The role of environmental shear and thermodynamic conditions in determining the structure and evolution of mesoscale convective systems during TOGA COARE, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3493–3518.
34. Loeb, N. G., B. A. Wielicki, D. R. Doelling, G. L. Smith, D. F. Keyes, S. Kato, N. Manalo-Smith, and T. Wong (2009), Toward optimal closure of the Earth’s top-of-atmosphere radiation budget, J. Clim., 22, 748–766, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2637.1.
35. Luo, Z., and G. L. Stephens (2006), An enhanced convection-wind-evaporation feedback in a super parameterization GCM (SP-GCM) depiction of the Asian summer monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06707, doi:10.1029/2005GL025060.
36. Maloney, E. D., and S.-P. Xie (2013), Sensitivity of tropical intraseasonal variability to the pattern of climate warming, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 5, 32–47.
37. Miyakawa, T., Y. N. Takayabu, T. Nasuno, H. Miura, M. Satoh, and M. W. Moncrieff (2012), Convective momentum transport by rainbands within a Madden-Julian oscillation in a global nonhydrostatic model, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1317–1338.
38. Moncrieff, M. W. (1992), Organized convective systems: Archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 107, 29–50.
39. Moncrieff, M. W., and J. S. A. Green (1972), The propagation and transfer properties of steady convective overturning in shear, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 336–352.
40. Neale, R. B., M. Jochum, and J. H. Richter (2008), The impact of convection on ENSO: From a delayed oscillator to a series of events, J. Clim., 21, 5904–5924.
41. Oleson, K. W., et al. (2004), Technical description of the Community Land Model (CLM), Tech. Rep. NCAR/TN-461+STR, 174 pp., National Center for Atmospheric Research.
42. Onogi, K., et al. (2007), The JRA-25 reanalysis, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 85, 369–432.
43. Ooyama, K. (1971), A theory on parameterization of cumulus convection, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 49, 744–756.
44. Randall, D. A., M. F. Khairoutdinov, A. Arakawa, and W. W. Grabowski (2003), Breaking the cloud parameterization deadlock, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1547–1564.
45. Richter, J. H., and P. J. Rasch (2008), Effects of convective momentum transport on the atmospheric circulation in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3, J. Clim., 21, 1487–1499.
46. Romps, D. M. (2012), On the equivalence of two schemes for convective momentum transport, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3491–3500, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-068.1.
47. Shapiro, L., and D. E. Stevens (1980), Parameterization of convective effects on the momentum and vorticity budgets of synoptic scale Atlantic tropical waves, Mon. Weather Rev., 108, 1816–1826.
48. Smagorinsky, J. (1963), General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. The basic experiment, Mon. Weather Rev., 91, 99–164.
49. Song, X., X. Wu, G. J. Zhang, and R. W. Arritt (2008), Understanding the effects of convective momentum transport on climate simulations: The role of convective heating, J. Clim., 21, 5034–5047.
50. Stan, C., M. Khairoutdinov, C. A. DeMott, V. Krishnamurthy, D. M. Straus, D. A. Randall, J. L. Kinter III, and J. Shukla (2010), An ocean-atmosphere climate simulation with an embedded cloud resolving model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01702, doi:10.1029/2009GL040822.
51. Tao, W.-K., et al. (2009), A multiscale modeling system: Developments, applications, and critical issues, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 90, 515–534.
52. Tiedtke, M. (1989), A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779–1800.
53. Trenberth, K. E., and J. M. Caron (2001), Estimates of meridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports, J. Clim., 14, 3433–3443.
54. Uppala, S. M., et al. (2005), The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, 2961–3012, doi:10.1256/qj.04.176.
55. Wu, X., and M. Yanai (1994), Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum: Observations and parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1640–1660.
56. Wu, X., X.-Z. Liang, and G. J. Zhang (2003), Seasonal migration of ITCZ precipitation across the equator: Why can’t GCMs simulate it?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(15), 1824, doi:10.1029/2003GL017198.
57. Wu, X., L. Peng, X. Song, and G. J. Zhang (2007), Coupling of convective momentum transport with convective heating in global climate simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 1334–1349, doi:10.1175/JAS3894.1.
58. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin (1996), Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions, J. Clim., 9, 840–858.
59. Xu, K.-M., and A. Cheng (2013a), Evaluating low-cloud simulation from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part I: Sensitivity to spatial resolution and climatology, J. Clim., 26, 5717–5740.
60. Xu, K.-M., and A. Cheng (2013b), Evaluating low-cloud simulation from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework model. Part II: Seasonal variations over the eastern Pacific, J. Clim., 26, 5741–5760.
61. Zhang, G. J., and H. R. Cho (1991a), Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part I: Theory, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1483–1492.
62. Zhang, G. J., and H. R. Cho (1991b), Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part II: Application, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 12,448–12,457.
63. Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane (1995), Role of convective-scale momentum transport in climate simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1417–1426.
64. Zhang, G. J., and X. Wu (2003), Convective momentum transport and perturbation pressure field from a cloud-resolving model simulation, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1120–1139.
65. Zhou, T.-J., and Z. Li (2002), Simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon using a variable resolution atmospheric GCM, Clim. Dyn., 19, 167–180.