Convective momentum transport and perturbation pressure field from a cloud-resolving model simulation

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 60, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 1120-1139

  Zhang, Guang J ^a   Wu, Xiaoqing ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES; PRESSURE EFFECTS; WIND;

MASS FLUX;

CLOUDS;

CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; MOMENTUM TRANSFER; PARAMETERIZATION; PERTURBATION; PRESSURE GRADIENT; TOGA-COARE;

EID: 0038317883     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1120:CMTAPP>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Arakawa, A., and Y. Mintz, 1974: The UCLA Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Rep. XIII. Dept. of Meteorology, University of California, Los Angeles, 11 pp.
2. Asai, T., 1964: Cumulus convection in the atmosphere with vertical wind shear: Numerical experiment. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 42, 245-259.
3. Asai, T., 1970: Three-dimensional features of thermal convection in a plane Couette flow. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 18-29.
4. Brown, A. R., 1999: Large-eddy simulation and parameterization of the effects of shear on shallow cumulus convection. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 91, 65-80.
5. Canuto, V. M., 2000: Turbulent convection: Is 2D a good proxy of 3D? Astron. Astrophys., 357, 177-179.
6. Charney, J. G., 1971: Geostrophic turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1087-1095.
7. Clark, T. L., W. D. Hall, and J. L. Coen, 1996: Source code documentation for the Clark-Hall cloud-scale model: Code version G3CH0I. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-426+STR, 137 pp. [Available from NCAR Information Service, P. O. Box 3000, Boulder. CO 80307.]
8. Cotton, W. R., 1975: On parameterization of turbulent transport in cumulus clouds. J. Atmos, Sci., 32, 548-564.
9. -3/3 law inertial range in mesoscale two-dimensional turbulence. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1950-1954.
10. Grabowski, W. W., X. Wu, and M. W., Moncrieff, 1996: Cloud-resolving modeling of tropical cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part I: Two-dimensional experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3684-3709.
11. Gray, M. E. B., 2000: Characteristics of numerically simulated mesoscale convective systems and their application to parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3953-3970.
12. Gray, W. M., 1967: The mutual variation of wind, shear. and baroclinicity in the cumulus convective atmosphere of the hurricane. Mon. Wea. Rev., 95, 55-73.
13. Gregory, D., R. Kershaw, and P. M., Innes, 1997: Parameterization of momentum transport by convection. II: Tests in single-column and general circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1153-1183.
14. Grubisic, V., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2000: Parameterization of canvective momentum transport in highly baroclinic conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3035-3049.
15. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1973: A climatological study of vertical transports by cumulus-scale convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1112-1123.
16. Houze, R. A., Jr., S. S. Chen. D. E. Kingsmill, Y. Serra, and S. E. Yuter, 2000: Convection over the Pacific warm pool in relation to the atmospheric Kelvin-Rossby wave. J. Atmos. Set., 57, 3058-3089.
17. Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbath, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski. and W. H. Schubert, 1999: Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397-2418.
18. Kershaw, R., and D. Gregory, 1995: Parameterization of momentum transport by convection. I: Theory and cloud modeling results. Internal Rep. 54, Met. Office. 16 pp.
19. Kershaw, R., and D. Gregory, 1997: Parameterization of momentum transport by convection, I: Theory and cloud modeling results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1133-1151.
20. Kraichnan, R. H., 1967: Inertial ranges in two-dimensional turbulence. Phys. Fluids, 10, 1417-1423.
21. Kraichnan, R. H., 1971: Inertial-range transfer in two- and three-dimensional turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 47, 525-535.
22. LeMone, M. A., 1983: Momentum transport by a line of cumulonimbus. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1815-1834.
23. LeMone, M. A., and E. J. Zipser, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity, and mass flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 17, 2444-2457.
24. LeMone, M. A., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1994: Momentum and mass transport by convective bands: Comparison of highly idealized dynamical models to observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 281-305.
25. LeMone, M. A., G. M. Barnes. and E. J. Zipser, 1984: Momentum flux by lines of cumulonimbus over the tropical oceans. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1914-1932.
26. LeMone, M. A. and G. M. Barnes, J. C. Farkhauser, and L. F Tarleton, 1988a: Perturbation pressure fields measured by aircraft around the cloudbase updraft of deep convective clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 313-327.
27. LeMone, M. A., L. F. Tarleton, and G. M. Barnes, 1998b: Perturbation pressure at the base of cumulus clouds in low shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2062-2068.
28. Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Heating. moistening, and rainfall over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3367-3383.
29. Liu. C.-H., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Mass and momentum transports by organized convection: Effects of shear and buoyancy. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 964-979.
30. Mapes, B. E., and X. Wu, 2001: Convective eddy momentum tendencies in long cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 517-526.
31. Moncrieff, M. W., 1981: A theory of organized steady convection and its transport properties. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 107, 29-50.
32. Moncrieff, M. W., 1992: Organized convective systems: Archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
33. Ogura, Y., and N. A. Phillips, 1962: Scale analysis of deep and shallow convection in the atmosphere. J. Atoms. Sci., 19, 1276-1286.
34. Ooyama, K., 1971: A theory on parameterization of cumulus convection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49, 744-756.
35. Redelsperger. J.-L., and Coauthors, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. I: Cloud-resolving models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 823-863.
36. Rotunno, R., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The influence of the shear-induced pressure gradient on thunderstorm motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 136-151.
37. Rutgers, M. A., 1998: Forced 2D turbulence: Experimental evidence of simultaneous inverse energy and forward enstrophy cascades. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 2244-2247.
38. Sanders. F., and K. A. Emanuel, 1977: The momentum budget and temporal evolution of a mesoscale convective system. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 322-330.
39. Schneider, E. K., and R. S. Lindzen, 1976: A discussion of the parameterization of momentum exchange by cumulus convection. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3158-3161.
40. Shapiro, L., and D. E. Stevens, 1980: Parameterization of convective effects on the momentum and vorticity budgets of synoptic-scale Atlantic tropical waves. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1816-1826.
41. Smagorinsky, J., 1963: General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. I. The basic experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 91, 99-164.
42. Soong, S.-T., and W.-K. Tao, 1984: A numerical study of the vertical transport of momentum in a tropical rainband. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1049-1061.
43. Stevens. D. E., 1979: Vorticity, momentum and divergence budgets of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the tropical eastern Atlantic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 107, 535-550.
44. Tao, W.-K., and S.-T. Soong, 1986: A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to mesoscale processes: Three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2653-2676.
45. Tung, W.-W., and M. Yanai, 2002a: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOR Part I: General features. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1857-1871.
46. Tung, W.-W., and M. Yanai, 2002b: Convective momentum transport observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2535-2549.
47. Wu, X., and M. Yanai, 1994: Effects of vertical wind shear on the cumulus transport of momentum: Observations and parameterization. J. Atoms. Sci., 51, 1640-1660.
48. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Collective effects of organized convection and their approximation in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1477-1495.
49. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Long-term behavior of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part III: Effects on the energy budget and SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1155-1168.
50. Wu, X., W. W. Grabowski, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: Long-term behavior of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part I: Two-dimensional modeling study. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2693-2714.
51. Wu, X., W. D. Hall, W. W. Grabowski, M. W. Moncrieff, W. D. Collins, and J. T. Kiehl, 1999: Long-term behavior of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part II: Effects of ice microphysics on cloud-radiation interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3177-3195.
52. Zhang, G. J., and H. R. Cho, 1991a: Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part I: Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1483-1492.
53. Zhang, G. J., and H. R. Cho, 1991b: Parameterization of the vertical transport of momentum by cumulus clouds. Part II: Application. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2448-2457.