Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) revisited

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 842-854

  Morrone, Juan J ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Areas of endemism; Biotic components; Endemism; Evolutionary biogeography; Historical biogeography; Phylogenetics; Vicariance

Indexed keywords

CLADISTICS; ENDEMISM; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; PHYLOGENY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; TAXONOMY;

EID: 84898433197     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: 13652699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12251     Document Type: Article

References (160)

1. Aguilar-Aguilar, R., Contreras-Medina, R. & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (2003) Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) of Mexican hydrological basins based on helminth parasites of freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1861-1872.
2. Aguilar-Aguilar, R., Contreras-Medina, R., Martínez-Aquino, A., Salgado-Maldonado, G. & González-Zamora, A. (2005) Aplicación del análisis de parsimonia de endemismos (PAE) en los sistemas hidrológicos de México: un ejemplo con helmintos parásitos de peces dulceacuícolas. Regionalización biogeográfica en Iberoamérica y tópicos afines: primeras jornadas biogeográficas de la red Iberoamericana de biogeografía y entomología sistemática (RIBES XII.I-CYTED) (ed. by J. Llorente and J.J. Morrone ), pp. 227-239. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
3. Aguirre, M.L., Donato, M., Richiano, S. & Farinati, E.A. (2011) Pleistocene and Holocene interglacial molluscan assemblages from Patagonian and Bonaerensian littoral (Argentina, SW Atlantic): palaeobiodiversity and palaeobiogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308, 277-292.
4. Albert, J.S. & Carvalho, T.P. (2011) Neogene assembly of modern faunas. Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes (ed. by J.S. Albert and R.E. Reis ), pp. 119-136. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
5. Andrés Hernández, A.R., Morrone, J.J., Terrazas, T. & López Mata, L. (2006) Análisis de trazos de las especies mexicanas de Rhus subgénero Lobadium (Angiospermae: Anacardiaceae). Interciencia, 31, 900-904.
6. Anstey, R.L., Pachut, J.F. & Tuckey, M.E. (2003) Patterns of bryozoan endemism through the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Paleobiology, 29, 305-328.
7. Ávila, S.P., Goud, J. & De Frias Martins, A.M. (2012) Patterns of diversity of the Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean region. Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1-30.
8. Bisconti, M., Landini, W., Bianucci, G., Cantalamessa, G., Carnevale, G., Ragaini, L. & Valleri, G. (2001) Biogeographic relationships of the Galapagos terrestrial biota: parsimony analysis of endemicity based on reptiles, land birds and Scalesia land plants. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 495-510.
9. Brooks, D.R. & van Veller, M.G.P. (2003) Critique of parsimony analysis of endemicity as a method of historical biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 819-825.
10. Camardelli, M. & Napoli, M.F. (2012) Amphibian conservation in the Caatinga biome and semiarid region of Brazil. Herpetologica, 68, 31-47.
11. de Candolle, A.P. (1820) Géographie botanique. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. F.G. Levrault, imprimeur du Roi, Strasbourg and Paris.
12. Cano, J.M. & Gurrea, P. (2003) La distribución de las zigenas (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) ibéricas: una consecuencia del efecto península. Graellsia, 59, 273-285.
13. Carine, M.A., Humphries, C.J., Guma, I.R., Reyes-Betancort, J.A. & Santos Guerra, A. (2009) Areas and algorithms: evaluating numerical approaches for the delimitation of areas of endemism in the Canary Islands archipelago. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 593-611.
14. de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2011) Áreas de endemismo. Biogeografia da América do Sul: padrões and processos (ed. by C.J.B. de Carvalho and E.A.B. Almeida ), pp. 41-51. Roca, São Paulo.
15. Casagranda, M., Arias, J., Goloboff, P., Szumik, C., Taher, L., Escalante, T. & Morrone, J.J. (2009) Proximity, interpenetration, and sympatry networks: a reply to Dos Santos et al. Systematic Biology, 58, 271-276.
16. Casagranda, M.D., Taher, L. & Szumik, C.A. (2012) Endemicity analysis, parsimony and biotic elements: a formal comparison using hypothetical distributions. Cladistics, 28, 645-654.
17. Casazza, G. & Minuto, L. (2009) A critical evaluation of different methods for the determination of areas of endemism and biotic elements: an Alpine study. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 2056-2065.
18. Casazza, G., Zappa, E., Mariotti, M.G., Médail, F. & Minuto, L. (2008) Ecological and historical factors affecting distribution pattern and richness of endemic plant species: the case of the Maritime and Ligurian Alps hotspot. Diversity and Distributions, 14, 47-58.
19. Cavalcanti, M.J. (2009) Croizat: a software package for quantitative analysis in panbiogeography. Biogeografía, 4, 4-6.
20. Cecca, F. (2002) Palaeobiogeography of marine fossil invertebrates: concepts and methods. Taylor and Francis, London and New York.
21. Cecca, F., Morrone, J.J. & Ebach, M.C. (2011) Biogeographical convergence and time-slicing: concepts and methods in cladistic biogeography. Palaeogeography and palaeobiogeography: biodiversity in space and time (ed. by P. Upchurch, A. McGowan and C. Slater ), pp. 1-12. Systematics Association Special Volume. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
22. Contreras-Medina, R. (2006) Los métodos de análisis biogeográfico y su aplicación a la distribución de las gimnospermas en México. Interciencia, 31, 176-182.
23. Corona, A.M., Toledo, V.H. & Morrone, J.J. (2007) Does the Trans-mexican Volcanic Belt represent a natural biogeographic unit? An analysis of the distributional patterns of Coleoptera. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 1008-1015.
24. Cracraft, J. (1991) Patterns of diversification within continental biotas: hierarchical congruence among the areas of endemism of Australian vertebrates. Australian Systematic Botany, 4, 211-227.
25. Cracraft, J. (1994) Species diversity, biogeography and the evolution of biotas. American Zoologist, 34, 33-47.
26. Craw, R.C. (1988) Continuing the synthesis between panbiogeography, phylogenetic systematics and geology as illustrated by empirical studies on the biogeography of New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. Systematic Zoology, 37, 291-310.
27. Craw, R.C. (1989) Quantitative panbiogeography: introduction to methods. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16, 485-494.
28. Crisci, J.V. (2001) The voice of historical biogeography. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 157-168.
29. Crisci, J.V., Katinas, L. & Posadas, P. (2000) Introducción a la teoría y práctica de la biogeografía histórica. Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, Buenos Aires.
30. Crisci, J.V., Katinas, L. & Posadas, P. (2003) Historical biogeography: an introduction. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
31. Crother, B.I. & Murray, C.M. (2011) Ontology of areas of endemism. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 1009-1015.
32. Crother, B.I. & Murray, C.M. (2013) Parsimony analysis of endemism under the 'areas of endemism as individuals' thesis. Cladistics, 29, 571-573.
33. Crother, B.I. & Murray, C.M. (2014) PAE under the AEI thesis: a response. Cladistics, 30, doi:10.1111/cla.12041.
34. Cué-Bär, E.M., Villaseñor, J.L., Morrone, J.J. & Ibarra-Manríquez, G. (2006) Identifying priority areas for conservation in Mexican tropical deciduous forest based on tree species. Interciencia, 31, 712-719.
35. DaSilva, M.B. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2011) História biogeográfica da Mata Atlántica: opiliões (Arachnida) como modelo para sua inferência. Biogeografia da América do Sul: padrões and processos (ed. by C.J.B. de Carvalho and E.A.B. Almeida ), pp. 221-238. Roca, São Paulo.
36. Davis, A.L.V., Scholtz, C.H. & Philips, T.K. (2002) Historical biogeography of scarabaeine dung beetles. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1217-1256.
37. De Grave, S. (2001) Biogeography of Indo-Pacific Potoniinae (Crustacea, Decapoda): a PAE analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 1239-1254.
38. Deo, A.J. & DeSalle, R. (2006) Nested areas of endemism analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1511-1526.
39. Díaz Gómez, J.M. (2007) Endemism in Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the Argentinian Puna. South American Journal of Herpetology, 2, 59-68.
40. Donato, M. & Miranda-Esquivel, D.R. (2012) Respuesta a Escalante (2011) 'De cómo el análisis de parsimonia de endemismos (PAE) no explica la selección natural'. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 83, 892-896.
41. Dos Santos, D.A., Fernández, H.R., Cuezo, M.G. & Domínguez, E. (2008) Sympatry inference and network analysis in biogeography. Systematic Biology, 57, 432-448.
42. Ebach, M.C., Humphries, C.J. & Williams, D.M. (2003) Phylogenetic biogeography deconstructed. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1285-1296.
43. Ebach, M.C., Morrone, J.J., Parenti, L.R. & Viloria, Á.L. (2008) International Code of Area Nomenclature. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 1153-1157.
44. Echeverría-Londoño, S. & Miranda-Esquivel, D.R. (2011) MartiTracks: a geometrical approach for identifying geographical patterns of distribution. PLoS ONE, 6, 1-7.
45. Echeverry, A. & Morrone, J.J. (2010) Parsimony analysis of endemicity as a panbiogeographical tool: an analysis of Caribbean plant taxa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 961-976.
46. Echeverry, A. & Morrone, J.J. (2013) Generalized tracks, area cladograms and tectonics in the Caribbean. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 1619-1637.
47. Enghoff, H. (2000) Reversals as branch support in biogeographical parsimony analysis. Vie et Milieu, 50, 255-260.
48. Escalante, T. (2009) Un ensayo sobre regionalización biogeográfica. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 80, 551-560.
49. Escalante, T. (2011) De cómo el análisis de parsimonia de endemismos (PAE) tampoco explica la selección natural. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 82, 1057-1059.
50. Escalante, T. & Morrone, J. (2003) Para qué sirve el análisis de parsimonia de endemismos? Una perspectiva latinoamericana de la biogeografía (ed. by J.J. Morrone and J. Llorente ), pp. 167-172. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
51. Escalante, T., Espinosa, D. & Morrone, J.J. (2003) Using parsimony analysis of endemicity to analyze the distribution of Mexican land mammals. Southwestern Naturalist, 48, 563-578.
52. Escalante, T., Rodríguez, G., Gámez, N., León-Paniagua, L., Barrera, O. & Sánchez-Cordero, V. (2007a) Biogeografía y conservación de mamíferos. Biodiversidad de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (ed. by I. Luna, J.J. Morrone and D. Espinosa ), pp. 485-502. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
53. Escalante, T., Sánchez-Cordero, V., Morrone, J.J. & Linaje, M. (2007b) Areas of endemism of Mexican terrestrial mammals: a case study using species' ecological niche modeling, parsimony analysis of endemicity and Goloboff fit. Interciencia, 32, 151-159.
54. Escalante, T., Sánchez-Cordero, V., Morrone, J.J. & Linaje, M. (2007c) Deforestation affects biogeographical regionalization: a case study contrasting potential and extant distributions of Mexican terrestrial mammals. Journal of Natural History, 41, 965-984.
55. Escalante, T., Szumik, C. & Morrone, J.J. (2009) Areas of endemism of Mexican mammals: re-analysis applying the optimality criterion. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 468-478.
56. Espadas Manrique, C., Durán, R. & Argáez, J. (2003) Phytogeographic analysis of taxa endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula using geographic information systems, the domain heuristic method and parsimony analysis of endemicity. Diversity and Distributions, 9, 313-330.
57. Espinosa Organista, D., Morrone, J.J., Llorente Bousquets, J. & Flores Villela, O. (2002) Análisis de patrones biogeográficos históricos. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
58. Espinosa, D., Llorente, J. & Morrone, J.J. (2006) Historical biogeographic patterns of the species of Bursera (Burseraceae) and their taxonomical implications. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1945-1958.
59. Espinosa-Pérez, M.C., Hendrickx, M.E. & Morrone, J.J. (2009) Identification of generalized tracks for the species of Isopoda (Peracarida) from the Eastern Pacific. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 29, 224-231.
60. Fattorini, S. (2007) Historical relationships of African mountains based on cladistic analysis of distributions and endemism of flightless insects. African Entomology, 15, 340-355.
61. Fattorini, S. (2009a) Biogeography of the tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) on the Aegean Islands (Greece). Journal of Biogeography, 29, 49-67.
62. Fattorini, S. (2009b) Both Recent and Pleistocene geography determine animal distributional patterns in the Tuscan Archipelago. Journal of Zoology, 277, 291-301.
63. Fattorini, S. & Fowles, A.P. (2005) A biogeographical analysis of the tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) of the island of Thasos in the context of the Aegean islands (Greece). Journal of Natural History, 39, 3919-3949.
64. Ferrari, A., Barão, K.R. & Simões, F.L. (2013) Quantitative panbiogeography: was the congruence problem solved? Systematics and Biodiversity, 11, 285-302.
65. Fortey, R.A. & Cocks, L.R.M. (1992) The early Palaeozoic of the North Atlantic region as a test case for the use of fossils in continental reconstruction. Tectonophysics, 206, 147-158.
66. García-Barros, E. (2003) Mariposas diurnas endémicas de la región Paleártica Occidental: patrones de distribución y su análisis mediante parsimonia (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Graellsia, 59, 233-258.
67. García-Barros, E., Gurrea, P., Luciáñez, M.J., Cano, J.M., Munguira, M.L., Moreno, J.C., Sainz, H., Sanz, M.J. & Simón, J.C. (2002) Parsimony analysis of endemicity and its application to animal and plant geographical distributions in the Ibero-Balearctic region (western Mediterranean). Journal of Biogeography, 29, 109-124.
68. García-Trejo, E. & Navarro, A.G. (2004) Patrones biogeográficos de la riqueza de especies y el endemismo de la avifauna en el oeste de México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (Nueva Serie), 20, 167-185.
69. Garzón-Orduña, I.J., Miranda-Esquivel, D.R. & Donato, M. (2008) Parsimony analysis of endemicity describes but does not explain: an illustrated critique. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 903-913.
70. Gates, T.A., Sampson, S.D., Zanno, L.E., Roberts, E.M., Eaton, G.J., Nydam, R.L., Hutchison, J.H., Smith, J.A., Loewen, M.A. & Getty, M.A. (2010) Biogeography of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates from the late Cretaceous (Campanian) Western Interior of North America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 291, 371-387.
71. Geraads, D. (1998) Biogeography of circum-Mediterranean Miocene-Pliocene rodents; a revision using factor analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 137, 273-288.
72. Glasby, C.J. & Álvarez, B. (1999) Distribution patterns and biogeographic analysis of Austral Polychaeta (Annelida). Journal of Biogeography, 26, 507-533.
73. Goldani, A., Ferrari, A., Carvalho, G.S. & Creão-Duarte, A.J. (2002) Análise de parcimônia de endemismo de membracídeos neotropicais (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Hoplophorionini). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 19, 187-193.
74. Goloboff, P. (1993) Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics, 9, 83-91.
75. Gutiérrez-Velázquez, A., Rojas-Soto, O., Reyes-Castillo, P. & Halffter, G. (2013) The classic theory of Mexican Transition Zone revisited: the distributional congruence patterns of Passalidae (Coleoptera). Invertebrate Systematics, 27, 282-293.
76. Herrera-Paniagua, P., Delgadillo, C., Villaseñor, J.L. & Luna-Vega, I. (2008) Floristics and biogeography of the mosses of the state of Querétaro, Mexico. Bryologist, 111, 41-65.
77. Hovenkamp, P. (2014) A too modest proposal. Cladistics, 29, doi:10.1111/cla.12043.
78. Huidobro, L., Morrone, J.J., Villalobos, J.L. & Álvarez, F. (2006) Distributional patterns of freshwater taxa (fishes, crustaceans and plants) from the Mexican transition zone. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 731-741.
79. Humphries, C.J. (1989) Any advance on assumption 2? Journal of Biogeography, 16, 101-102.
80. Humphries, C.J. & Parenti, L.R. (1999) Cladistic biogeography. Interpreting patterns of plant and animal distributions, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
81. Katinas, L., Crisci, J.V., Wagner, W.L. & Hoch, P.C. (2004) Geographical diversification of tribes Epilobieae, Gongylocarpeae, and Onagreae (Onagraceae) in North America, based on parsimony analysis of endemicity and track compatibility analysis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 91, 159-185.
82. Lieberman, B.S. (2000) Paleobiogeography: using fossils to study global change, plate tectonics and evolution. Kluwer Academic Press, New York.
83. Linder, H.P. (2001) On areas of endemism, with an example from the African Restionaceae. Systematic Biology, 50, 892-912.
84. Lomolino, M.V., Riddle, B.R., Whittaker, R.J. & Brown, J.H. (2006) Biogeography, 4th edn. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA.
85. Löwenberg-Neto, P. & de Carvalho, C.J.B. (2009) Areas of endemism and spatial diversification of the Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) in the Andean and Neotropical regions. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 1750-1759.
86. Luna-Vega, I., Alcántara, O., Morrone, J.J. & Espinosa, D. (2000) Track analysis and conservation priorities in the cloud forests of Hidalgo, Mexico. Diversity and Distributions, 6, 137-143.
87. Luna-Vega, I., Morrone, J.J., Alcántara, O. & Espinosa, D. (2001) Biogeographical affinities among Neotropical cloud forests. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 228, 229-239.
88. Martínez-Aquino, A., Aguilar-Aguilar, R., Santa Anna del Conde-Juárez, H.O. & Contreras-Medina, R. (2007) Empleo de herramientas biogeográficas para detectar áreas para conservar: un ejemplo con taxones dulceacuícolas. Biodiversidad de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (ed. by I. Luna, J.J. Morrone and D. Espinosa ), pp. 449-460. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
89. McCoy, V.E. & Anstey, R.L. (2010) Biogeographic associations of Silurian bryozoan genera in North America, Baltica and Siberia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 297, 420-427.
90. McInnes, S.J. & Pugh, P.A.A. (2007) An attempt to revisit the global biogeography of limno-terrestrial Tradigrada. Journal of Limnology, 66, 90-96.
91. Meng, K., Li, S. & Murphy, R.W. (2008) Biogeographical patterns of Chinese spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) based on a parsimony analysis of endemicity. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 1241-1249.
92. Michaux, B. & Leschen, R.A.B. (2005) East meets west: biogeology of the Campbell Plateau. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 95-115.
93. Mihoč, M.A.K., Morrone, J.J., Negrito, M.A. & Cavieres, L.A. (2006) Evolución de la serie Mycrophyllae (Adesmia, Fabaceae) en la Cordillera de los Andes: una perspectiva biogeográfica. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 79, 389-404.
94. Moline, P.M. & Linder, H.P. (2006) Input data, analytical methods and biogeography of Elegia (Restionaceae). Journal of Biogeography, 33, 47-62.
95. Moreno, R.A., Hernández, C.E., Rivadeneira, M.M., Vidal, M.A. & Rozbaczylo, N. (2006) Patterns of endemism in south-eastern Pacific benthic polychaetes of the Chilean coast. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 750-759.
96. Morrone, J.J. (1994a) On the identification of areas of endemism. Systematic Biology, 43, 438-441.
97. Morrone, J.J. (1994b) Distributional patterns of species of Rhytirrhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the historical relationships of the Andean provinces. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 4, 188-194.
98. Morrone, J.J. (1998) On Udvardy's Insulantarctica province: a test from the weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Journal of Biogeography, 25, 947-955.
99. Morrone, J.J. (2001) Homology, biogeography and areas of endemism. Diversity and Distributions, 7, 297-300.
100. Morrone, J.J. (2004) Homología biogeográfica: las coordenadas espaciales de la vida. Cuadernos del Instituto de Biología 37. Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City.
101. Morrone, J.J. (2005) Cladistic biogeography: identity and place. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 1281-1284.
102. Morrone, J.J. (2007) Hacia una biogeografía evolutiva. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 80, 509-520.
103. Morrone, J.J. (2008) Endemism. Encyclopedia of ecology (ed. by S.E. Jorgensen and B.D. Fath ), pp. 1254-1259. Elsevier, Oxford.
104. Morrone, J.J. (2009) Evolutionary biogeography: an integrative approach with case studies. Columbia University Press, New York.
105. Morrone, J.J. & Crisci, J.V. (1995) Historical biogeography: introduction to methods. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 373-401.
106. Morrone, J.J. & Escalante, T. (2002) Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) of Mexican terrestrial mammals at different areas units: when size matters. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1095-1104.
107. Morrone, J.J. & Escalante, T. (2009) Diccionario de biogeografía. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
108. Morrone, J.J. & Márquez, J. (2001) Halffter's Mexican Transition Zone, beetle generalized tracks, and geographical homology. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 635-650.
109. Morrone, J.J., Katinas, L. & Crisci, J.V. (1997) A cladistic biogeographic analysis of Central Chile. Journal of Comparative Biology, 2, 25-41.
110. Myers, A.A. (1991) How did Hawaii accumulate its biota? A test from the Amphipoda. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 1, 24-29.
111. Navarro, J.C., Liria, J., Piñango, H. & Barrera, R. (2007) Biogeographic area relationships in Venezuela: a parsimony analysis of Culicidae-Phytotelmata distribution in national parks. Zootaxa, 1547, 1-19.
112. Navarro-Sigüenza, A.G., Lira-Noriega, A., Peterson, A.T., Oliveras de Ita, A. & Gordillo-Martínez, A. (2007) Diversidad, endemismo y conservación de Aves. Biodiversidad de la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana (ed. by I. Luna, J.J. Morrone and D. Espinosa ), pp. 461-482. Las Prensas de Ciencias, UNAM, Mexico City.
113. Nelson, C.H. (2008) Hierarchical relationships of North American states and provinces: an area cladistic analysis based on the distribution of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera). Illiesia, 4, 176-204.
114. Nihei, S.S. (2006) Misconceptions about parsimony analysis of endemicity. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 2099-2106.
115. Parenti, L.R. & Ebach, M.C. (2009) Comparative biogeography: discovering and classifying biogeographical patterns of a dynamic Earth. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.
116. Peterson, A.T. (2008) Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and studies of Mexican biogeography. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 79, 541-542.
117. Porzecanski, A.L. & Cracraft, J. (2005) Cladistic analysis of distributions and endemism (CADE): using raw distributions of birds to unravel the biogeography of the South American aridlands. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 261-275.
118. Posadas, P. & Miranda-Esquivel, D.R. (1999) El PAE (parsimony analysis of endemicity) como una herramienta en la evaluación de la biodiversidad. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 72, 530-546.
119. Ramírez-Arriaga, E. & Martínez-Hernández, E. (2007) Melitopalynological characterization of Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin (Apidae: Meliponini) and Apis mellifera L. (Apidae: Apini) honey samples in northern Puebla state, Mexico. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 80, 377-391.
120. Ramírez-Barahona, S., Torres-Miranda, A., Palacios-Ríos, M. & Luna-Vega, I. (2009) Historical biogeography of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: a perspective from ferns (Monilophyta) and lycopods (Lycophyta). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 775-786.
121. Ribeiro, G.C. & Eterovic, A. (2011) Neat and clear: 700 species of crane flies (Diptera: Tipulomorpha) link southern South America and Australasia. Systematic Entomology, 36, 754-767.
122. Ribichich, A.M. (2005) From null community to non-randomly structured actual plant assemblages: parsimony analysis of species co-occurrences. Ecography, 28, 88-98.
123. Riddle, B.R. & Hafner, D.J. (2006) A step-wise approach to integrating phylogeographic and phylogenetic biogeographic perspectives on the history of a core North American warm deserts biota. Journal of Arid Environments, 66, 435-461.
124. Roig-Juñent, S., Crisci, J.V., Posadas, P. & Lagos, S. (2002) Áreas de distribución y de endemismo en zonas continentales. Proyecto de red Iberoaméricana de biogeografía y entomología sistemática, PrIBES 2002 (ed. by C. Costa, S.A. Vanin, J.M. Lobo and A. Melic ), pp. 247-266. M3M, Monografías del Tercer Milenio, Vol. 2. Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (SEA) and CYTED, Zaragoza.
125. Rojas Parra, C.A. (2007) Una herramienta automatizada para realizar análisis panbiogeográficos. Biogeografía, 1, 31-33.
126. Rojas-Soto, O.R., Alcántara-Ayala, O. & Navarro, A.G. (2003) Regionalization of the avifauna of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico: a parsimony analysis of endemicity and distributional modelling approach. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 449-461.
127. Ron, S.R. (2000) Biogeographic area relationships of lowland Neotropical rainforest based on raw distributions of vertebrate groups. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71, 379-402.
128. Rosen, B.R. (1984) Reef coral biogeography and climate through the late Cainozoic: just islands in the sun or a critical pattern of islands. Fossils and climate (ed. by P.J. Benchley ), pp. 201-262. Wiley-Liss Inc., New York.
129. Rosen, B.R. (1985) Long-term geographical controls on regional diversity. Open University Geological Society Journal, 6, 25-30.
130. Rosen, B.R. (1988a) From fossils to earth history: applied historical biogeography. Analytical biogeography: an integrated approach to the study of animal and plant distributions (ed. by A.A. Myers and P.S. Giller ), pp. 437-481. Chapman and Hall, London and New York.
131. Rosen, B.R. (1988b) Progress, problems and patterns in the biogeography of reef corals and other tropical marine organisms. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 42, 269-301.
132. Rosen, B.R. (1992) Empiricism and the biogeographical black box: concepts and methods in marine biogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 92, 171-205.
133. Rosen, B.R. & Smith, A.B. (1988) Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distributions from late Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method. Gondwana and Tethys (ed. by M.G. Audley-Charles and A. Hallam ), pp. 275-306. Geological Society Special Publication No. 37. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
134. Rosen, B.R. & Turnšek, D. (1989) Extinction patterns and biogeography of scleractinian corals across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Paleontologists, 8, 355-370.
135. Rovito, S.M., Arroyo, M.T.K. & Pliscoff, P. (2004) Distributional modelling and parsimony analysis of endemicity of Senecio in the Mediterranean-type climate area of Central Chile. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 1623-1636.
136. Salthe, S.N. (1985) Evolving hierarchical systems: their structure and representation. Columbia University Press, New York.
137. Sánchez-González, L.L., Morrone, J.J. & Navarro-Sigüenza, A. (2008) Distributional patterns of the Neotropical humid montane forest avifaunas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 94, 175-194.
138. Santos, C.M.D. (2005) Parsimony analysis of endemicity: time for an epitaph? Journal of Biogeography, 32, 1284-1286.
139. Santos, C.M.D. & Amorim, D.S. (2007) Why biogeographical hypotheses need a well supported phylogenetic framework: a conceptual evaluation. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 47, 63-73.
140. Santos, A.M.M., Cavalcanti, D.R., da Silva, J.M.C. & Tabarelli, M. (2007) Biogeographical relationships among tropical forests in north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 437-446.
141. Seeling, J., Colin, J.P. & Fauth, G. (2004) Global Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) ostracod palaeobiogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 213, 379-398.
142. Sfenthourakis, S. & Giokas, S. (1998) A biogeographical analysis of Greek Oniscidean endemism. Israel Journal of Zoology, 44, 273-282.
143. Silva, H.M.A. & Gallo, V. (2007) (2007) Parsimony analysis of endemicity of enchodontoid fishes from the Cenomanian. Carnets de Géologie, Letter, 01, 1-8.
144. Smith, A.B. (1992) Echinoid distribution in the Cenomanian: an analytical study in biogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 92, 263-276.
145. Smith, A.B. & Xu, J. (1988) Palaeontology of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse, Lhasa to Golmud. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 327, 53-105.
146. van Soest, R.W.M. (1994) Demosponge distribution patterns. Sponges in time and space (ed. by R.W.M. van Soest, T.M.G. van Kempen and J.C. Braekman ), pp. 213-223. Balkema, Rotterdam.
147. Szumik, C.A. & Goloboff, P. (2004) Areas of endemism: an improved optimality criterion. Systematic Biology, 53, 968-977.
148. Szumik, C.A., Cuezzo, F., Goloboff, P.A. & Chalup, A.E. (2002) An optimality criterion to determine areas of endemism. Systematic Biology, 51, 806-816.
149. Torres-Miranda, A., Luna-Vega, I. & Oyama, K. (2013) New approaches to the biogeography and areas of endemism of red oaks (Quercus L., section Lobatae). Systematic Biology, 62, 555-573.
150. Trejo-Torres, J.C. & Ackerman, J.D. (2001) Biogeography of the Antilles based on a parsimony analysis of orchid distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 775-794.
151. Trejo-Torres, J.C. & Ackerman, J.D. (2002) Composition patterns of Caribbean limestone forests: are parsimony, classification, and ordination analysis congruent? Biotropica, 34, 502-515.
152. Unmack, P.J. (2001) Biogeography of Australian freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 1053-1089.
153. Vázquez-Miranda, H., Navarro-Sigüenza, A.G. & Morrone, J.J. (2007) Biogeographical patterns of the avifaunas of the Caribbean Basin islands: a parsimony perspective. Cladistics, 23, 180-200.
154. Vergara, O.E., Jerez, V. & Parra, L.E. (2006) Diversidad y patrones de distribución de coleópteros en la Región del Biobío, Chile: una aproximación preliminar para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 79, 369-388.
155. Waggoner, B.M. (1999) Biogeographic analyses of the Ediacara biota: a conflict with paleotectonic reconstructions. Paleobiology, 25, 440-458.
156. Watanabe, K. (2012) Faunal structure of Japanese freshwater fishes and its artificial disturbance. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 94, 533-547.
157. Wiley, E.O. & Lieberman, B.S. (2011) Phylogenetics: theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ.
158. Yeates, D.K., Bouchard, P. & Monteith, G.B. (2002) Patterns and levels of endemism in the Australian wet tropics rainforest: evidence from flightless insects. Invertebrate Systematics, 16, 605-619.
159. Zamora-Manzur, C., Parra, L.E. & Jaque, E. (2011) Patrones de distribución de los geométridos de la Región del Biobío, Chile: una aproximación para su conservación. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 84, 465-480.
160. Zunino, M. & Zullini, A. (1995) Biogeografia: la dimensione spaziale dell'evoluzione. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milan.