Research across the disciplines: A road map for quality criteria in empirical ethics research

BMC Medical Ethics

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Mertz, Marcel ^a,b   Inthorn, Julia ^c   Renz, Günter ^d   Rothenberger, Lillian Geza ^f   Salloch, Sabine ^e   Schildmann, Jan ^e   Wöhlke, Sabine ^c   Schicktanz, Silke ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^d Protestant Academy Bad Boll Bad Boll   (Germany)

^e RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

^f NONE

Author keywords

Applied bioethics; Empirical ethics; Empirical methodology; Evidence based ethics; Interdisciplinarity; Methodology; Quality criteria

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOETHICS; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; MALE; MEDICAL ETHICS; METHODOLOGY; MORALITY;

BIOETHICAL ISSUES; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; ETHICAL THEORY; ETHICS, MEDICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERDISCIPLINARY COMMUNICATION; MALE; MORALS; QUALITY ASSURANCE, HEALTH CARE; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 84898020854     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14726939     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6939-15-17     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. What can the social sciences contribute to the study of ethics? Theoretical, empirical and substantive considerations. Haimes E, Bioethics 2002 16 2 89 113 10.1111/1467-8519.00273 12083157
2. Critical bioethics: beyond the social science critique of applied ethics. Hedgecoe AM, Bioethics 2004 18 2 120 143 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00385.x 15146853
3. The birth of the empirical turn in bioethics. Borry P, Schotsmans P, Dierickx K, Bioethics 2005 19 1 49 71 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00424.x 15812972
4. Empirische Medizinethik: Eine Übersicht zu Begriff und Konzepten. Salloch S, Schildmann J, Vollmann J, Empirische Medizinethik. Konzepte, Methoden und Ergebnisse Münster: LIT Verlag, Vollmann J, Schildmann J, 2011 11 24
5. Empirical medical ethics. Hope T, J Med Ethics 1999 25 219 220 10.1136/jme.25.3.219 10390674
6. Empirical data and moral theory. A plea for integrated empirical ethics. Molewijk B, Stiggelbout AM, Otten W, Dupuis HM, Kievit J, Med Health Care Philos 2004 7 55 69 15139255
7. Theory and methodology of empirical ethics: a pragmatic hermeneutic perspective. Widdershoven G, Van der Scheer L, Empirical ethics in psychiatry New York: Oxford University Press, Widdershoven G, McMillan J, Hope T, Van der Scheer L, 2008 23 36
8. The possibility of empirical psychiatric ethics. McMillan J, Hope T, Empirical ethics in psychiatry New York: Oxford University Press, Widdershoven G, McMillan J, Hope T, Van der Scheer L, 2008 9 22
9. Evidence-based ethics and the care and outcome of extremely premature infants. Tyson JE, Stoll BJ, Clin Perinatol 2003 30 363 387 10.1016/S0095- 5108(03)00028-9 12875360
10. Evidence-based ethics-What it should be and what it shouldn't. Strech D, BMC Med Ethics 2008 9 16 10.1186/1472-6939-9-16 18937838
11. Mertz M, Zur Möglichkeit einer evidenzbasierten Klinischen Ethik. Philosophische Untersuchungen zur Verwendung von Empirie und Evidenz in der (Medizin-)Ethik GRIN Verlag: München/Ravensburg 2009
12. Evidence-Based Research Ethics. Kalichman M, Am J Bioeth 2009 9 6-7 85 87 19998132
13. Evidenzbasierte Ethik"?-Über hypothetische und kategorische Handlungsnormen in der Medizin. Salloch S, Ethik Med 2012 24 5 17 10.1007/s00481-011-0153-9
14. What is the role of empirical research in bioethical reflection and decision-making? An ethical analysis. Borry P, Schotsmans P, Dierickx K, Med Health Care Philos 2004 7 41 53 15139254
15. Empirical ethics, context-sensitivity, and contextualism. Musschenga AW, J Med Philos 2005 30 5 467 490 10.1080/03605310500253030 16282140
16. The Many Methods of Medical Ethics (Or, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird). Sulmasy DP, Sugarman J, Methods in Medical Ethics Washington D.C: Georgetown University Press, Sugarman J, Sulmasy DP, 2 2010 3 20
17. The Role of Empirical Research in Bioethics. Kon AA, Am J Bioeth 2009 9 6-7 59 65
18. Ethics and social science: which kind of cooperation? Birnbacher D, Ethical Theory Moral Pract 1999 2 319 336 10.1023/A:1009903815157
19. Medizinethik und Empirie-Standortbestimmungen eines spannungsreichen Verhältnisses. Schicktanz S, Schildmann J, Ethik Med 2009 21 3 183 186 10.1007/s00481-009-0026-7
20. Appropriate methodologies for empirical bioethics: It's all relative. Ives J, Draper H, Bioethics 2009 23 4 249 258 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01715.x 19338525
21. What does empirical research contribute to medical ethics? A methodological discussion using exemplar studies. Reiter-Theil S, Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2012 21 4 425 435 10.1017/S0963180112000205 22828037
22. Wofür braucht die Medizinethik empirische Methoden? Eine normativ-ethische Untersuchung. Düwell M, Ethik Med 2009 21 201 211 10.1007/s00481-009-0019-6
23. Empirical ethics and its alleged meta-ethical fallacies. De Vries R, Gordijn B, Bioethics 2009 23 4 193 201 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01710.x 19338520
24. Towards Methodological Innovation in Empirical Ethics Research. Dunn M, Sheehan M, Hope T, Parker M, Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2012 21 466 480 10.1017/S0963180112000242 22828041
25. A Phenomenological Hermeneutical Method for Researching Lived Experience. Lindseth A, Norberg A, Scand J Caring Sci 2004 18 145 153 10.1111/j.1471-6712. 2004.00258.x 15147477
26. Using empirical research to formulate normative ethical principles in biomedicine. Ebbesen M, Pedersen B, Med Health Care Philos 2007 10 33 48 10.1007/s11019-006-9011-9 16955345
27. How to relate the empirical to the normative. Toward a phenomenologically informed hermeneutic approach to bioethics. Rehmann-Sutter C, Porz R, Scully JL, Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2012 21 436 447 10.1017/S0963180112000217 22828038
28. Living-donor liver transplantation: an overview. Strong RW, J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg 2006 13 5 370 377 10.1007/s00534-005-1076-y
29. Between commodification and altruism: gender imbalance and attitudes towards organ donation. A representative survey of German. Decker O, Winter M, Brähler E, Beutel M, Journal of Gender studies 2006 17 3 251 255
30. Geschlechterunterschiede bei der Lebendnierentransplantation: Ein Vergleich bei globalen, mitteleuropäischen und deutschen Daten und deren ethische Relevanz. Schicktanz S, Rieger JW, Lüttenberg B, Transplantationsmedizin 2006 19 83 90
31. Avoiding the issue: Patients' (non)communication with potential living kidney donors. Kranenburg LW, Richards M, Zuidema WC, Weimar W, Hilhorst MT, Ijzermans JN, Passchier J, Busschbach JJ, Patient Educ Couns 2009 74 39 44 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.028 18752913
32. Gift exchange and organ donation: Donor and recipient experiences of live related kidney transplantation. Gill P, Lowes L, Int J Nurs Stud 2008 45 1607 1617 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.03.004 18462738
33. Follow-up interviews of 12 living kidney donors one year after open donor nephrectomy. Andersen MH, Clin Transplant 2007 21 702 709 17988262
34. The Ethics of Organ Donation by Living Donors. Truog R, N Engl J Med 2005 353 444 446 10.1056/NEJMp058155 16079366
35. Organspende von Lebenden: Auch unter Freunden ein Akt der Nächstenliebe"? Eibach U, Zeitschrift für Medizinische Ethik 1999 45 217 231
36. Zu den Grenzen des Altruismus in der Lebendorganspende. Paul N, Ethik der Lebendorganspende Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Rittner C, Paul N, 2005 205 215
37. Die Ethik der Lebendspende. Gutmann T, Organlebendspende in Europa Berlin: Springer, Gutmann T, Schroth U, 2002 107 122
38. Systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Part 6 of a Series on Evaluation of Scientific Publications. Ressing M, Blettner M, Klug SJ, Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009 106 27 456 463 19652768
39. Fogelin RJ, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Understanding Arguments. An Introduction to Informal Logic Belmont, CA: Wadsworth 2005
40. Toulmin SE, The Uses of Arguments Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993
41. Wuchterl K, Methoden der Gegenwartsphilosophie Stuttgart: Paul Haupt 1999
42. Zur Methode ethischer Urteilsbildung in der Umweltethik. Dietrich J, Umweltkonflikte verstehen und bewerten: Ethische Urteilsbildung im Natur und Umweltschutz München: Oekom-Verlag, Eser U, Mueller A, 2006 177 193
43. Bortz J, Döring N, Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 2002
44. Lamnek S, Qualitative Sozialforschung. Lehrbuch Psychologie Verlagsunion: Weinheim 2005
45. Gütekriterien qualitativer Forschung. Steinke I, Qualitative Forschung-Ein Handbuch Reinbek: Rowohlt Verlag, Flick U, Von Kardoff E, Steinke I, 2000 319 331
46. Seale C, The Quality of Qualitative Research London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 1999
47. Bourgeault I, Dingwall R, De Vries R, Qualitative Methods in Health Research London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 2011
48. Green J, Thorogood N, Qualitative Methods for Health Research London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 2 2009
49. Bergman MM, Mixed Methods Research London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 2009
50. Denzin N, Lincoln YS, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 4 2012
51. Inthorn J, Quantitative und qualitative Forschungsmethoden in den Sozialwissenschaften. Eine philosophische Analyse der Argumente des Methodenstreits Munich: PhD thesis. Munich School of Philosophy 2010
52. Qualitative Methods. Taylor HA, Hull SC, Kass NE, Methods in Medical Ethics Washington: Georgetown University Press, Sugarman J, Sulmasy DP, 2 2010 193 214
53. Quantitative Surveys. Pearlman RA, Starks HE, Methods in Medical Ethics Washington: Georgetown University Press, Sugarman J, Sulmasy DP, 2 2010 233 250
54. What 'empirical turn in bioethics'? Hurst S, Bioethics 2010 24 439 444 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01720.x 19438442
55. Empirical research in medical ethics: How conceptual accounts on normative-empirical collaboration may improve research practice. Salloch S, Schildmann J, Vollmann J, BMC Med Ethics 2012 13 5 10.1186/1472-6939-13-5 22500496
56. Forschungsgemeinschaft D, Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis. Denkschrift Wiley-VCH: Weinheim 1998
57. Gute wissenschaftliche Praxis. Fuchs M, Forschungsethik. Eine Einführung Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, Fuchs M, Heinemann T, Heinrichs B, Hübner D, Kipper J, Rottländer K, Runkel T, Spranger TM, Vermeulen V, Völker-Albert M, 2010 41 55
58. An ethical framework for biomedical research. Emanuel EJ, Wendler D, Grady C, The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics New York: Oxford University Press, Emanuel EJ, Grady C, Crouch RA, Lie RK, Miller FG, Wendler D, 2008 123 135
59. Forschung und Gesellschaft. Heinemann T, Forschungsethik. Eine Einführung Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, Fuchs M, Heinemann T, Heinrichs B, Hübner D, Kipper J, Rottländer K, Runkel T, Spranger TM, Vermeulen V, Völker-Albert M, 2010 98 119
60. Guidelines 2.0: systematic development of a comprehensive checklist for a successful guideline enterprise. Schünemann HJ, Wiercioch W, Etxeandia I, Falavigna M, Santesso N, Mustafa R, Ventresca V, Brignardello-Petersen R, Laisaar K-T, Kowalski S, Baldeh T, Zhang Y, Raid U, Neumann I, Norris SL, Thornton J, Harbour R, Treweek S, Guyatt G, Alonso-Coello P, Reinap M, Brožek J, Oxman A, Akl EA, CMAJ 2013 http://cebgrade.mcmaster.ca/ guidelinechecklistprintable.pdf
61. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network: SIGN 50, A guideline developer's handbook. Revised edition 2011. Edinburgh 2011 http://sign.ac.uk/ guidelines/fulltext/50/compchecklist.html
62. Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement, PLoS Med 2010 7 3 1000251 http://www.consort-statement.org/consort-statement/overview0/ #checklist 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000251 20352064
63. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, PLoS Med 2007 4 296 http://www.strobe-statement.org/fileadmin/Strobe/uploads/checklists/ STROBE-checklist-v4-combined.pdf 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 17941714
64. How to critically appraise an article. Young JM, Solomon MJ, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009 6 82 91 10.1038/ncpgasthep1331
65. The Critical Appraisal Company http://www.criticalappraisal.com
66. Medizin als gesellschaftliche Praxis, sozialwissenschaftliche Empirie und ethische Reflexion: ein Vorschlag für eine soziologisch aufgeklärte Medizinethik. Graumann S, Lindemann G, Ethik Med 2009 21 235 245 10.1007/s00481-009-0021-z
67. Hirschauer S, Kalthoff H, Lindemann G (eds.): Theoretische Empirie. Zur Relevanz qualitativer Forschung. Frankfurt am Main Berlin: Suhrkamp 2008
68. Kelle U, Integration qualitativer und quantitativer Methoden in der empirischen Sozialforschung. Theoretische Grundlagen und methodologische Konzepte, 2. ed VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften: Wiesbaden 2008
69. How can we help? From "Sociology in" to "Sociology of" Bioethics. De Vries R, J Law Med Ethics 2003 32 2 279 292
70. The ethics of 'public understanding of ethics'-Why and how bioethics expertise should include public and patients' Voices. Schicktanz S, Schweda M, Wynne B, Med Health Care Philos 2011 15 2 129 139
71. Taylor C, Quellen des Selbst, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1994
72. Neuro-Prosthetics, the Extended Mind, and Respect for Persons with Disability. Anderson J, The Contingent Nature of Life New York: International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine, Düwell M, Rehmann-Sutter C, Mieth D, 39 2008 259 274
73. Why Bioethics needs the Philosophy of Medicine: Some Implications of Reflection on Concepts of Health and Disease. Khushf G, Theor Med 1997 18 145 163 10.1023/A:1005730108133 9129398
74. Appiah KA, The ethics of identity University Press: Princeton 2005
75. Strech D, Evidenz und Ethik. Kritische Analysen zur Evidenz-basierten Medizin und empirischen Ethik Berlin: Lit Verlag 2008
76. Normative and Empirical Buisness Ethics: Separation, Marriage of Convenience, or Marriage of Necessity? Weaver GR, Trevino LK, Bus Ethics Q 1994 4 2 129 143 10.2307/3857485
77. Evidence-competence-discourse: the theoretical framework of the multi-centre clinical ethics support project METAP. Reiter-Theil S, Mertz M, Schürmann J, Stingelin Giles N, Meyer-Zehnder B, Bioethics 2011 25 7 403 412 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01915.x 21790694
78. Nobody tosses a dwarf!The relation between the empirical and the normative reexamined. Leget C, Borry P, De Vries R, Bioethics 2009 23 226 235 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01711.x 19338523
79. Lenk H, Einführung in die Angewandte Ethik. Verantwortlichkeit und Gewissen W. Kohlhammer GmbH: Stuttgart/Berlin/Köln 1997
80. The morality of giving and receiving living kidneys: Empirical findings on opinions of affected patients. Wöhlke S, Public Engagement in Organ Donation Randhawa. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers, Schicktanz S, in press
81. Constructing empirical bioethics: Foucauldian reflections on the empirical turn in bioethics research. Ashcroft RE, Health Care Anal 2003 11 3 13 10.1023/A:1025329811812 14510305
82. Ethics by opinion poll? The functions of attitudes research for normative deliberations in medical ethics. Salloch S, Vollmann J, Schildmann J, J Med Ethics doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-101253
83. Two concepts of empirical ethics. Parker M, Bioethics 2009 23 4 202 213 10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01708.x 19338521
84. Systematic reviews of empirical bioethics. Strech D, Synofzik M, Marckmann G, J Med Ethics 2008 34 472 477 10.1136/jme.2007.021709 18511623
85. Use and abuse of empirical knowledge in contemporary bioethics. A critical analysis of empirical arguments employed in the controversy surrounding studies of maternal-fetal HIV-transmission and HIV-prevention in developing countries. Solbakk JH, Med Health Care Philos 2004 7 5 16 15139251
86. Israel M, Hay I, Research Ethics for Social Scientists London: Sage Publications 2006
87. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF, Principles of Biomedical Ethics New York: Oxford University Press 6 2009
88. Data and safety monitoring boards: academic credit where credit is due? Armstrong PW, Califf RM, JAMA 2013 310 15 1563 1564 10.1001/jama.2013.280383 24129461
89. National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Ensuring the Utility and Integrity of Research Data in a Digital Age; Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP); Policy and Global Affairs (PGA); Institute of Medicine (IOM): Ensuring the Integrity, accessibility, and Stewardship of research data in the digital age Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press 2009 http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record-id=12615
90. Faden RR, Beauchamp TL, A History and Theory of Informed Consent Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986
91. The Nuremberg Code. Annas GJ, Grodin MA, The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics New York: Oxford University Press, Emanuel EJ, Grady C, Crouch RA, Lie RK, Miller FG, Wendler D, 2008 136 140
92. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP); Institute of Medicine (IOM); Policy and Global Affairs (PGA): On being a scientist. A guide to responsible conduct in research Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press Third 2009 http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record-id=12192
93. Institute of Medicine (IOM), Conflicts of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice Washington D.C: National Academic Press 2009
94. European Medicines Agency (EMA), ICH Topic E6 (R1) Guideline for Good Clinical Practice http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/ Scientific-guideline/2009/09/WC500002874.pdf
95. World Medical Association (WMA), WMA-Declaration of Helsinki-Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects http://www.wma.net/en/ 30publications/10policies/b3/
96. German Psychological Society (DGP) and the Association of German Professional Psychologists (BDP), Ethical Principles of the German Psychological Society and the Association of German Professional Psychologists http://www.bdp-verband.org/bdp/verband/clips/ethic.pdf
97. Ethics Committee of the British Psychological Society, Code of Ethics and Conduct. Guidance 2009 http://www.bps.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/ code-of-ethics-and-conduct.pdf
98. National Committees for Research Ethics in Norway, Guidelines for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences, Law and the Humanities http://graduateschool.nd.edu/assets/21765/ guidelinesresearchethicsinthesocialscienceslawhumanities.pdf
99. Respect Project, RESPECT Code of Practice for Socio-Economic Research http://www.respectproject.org/code/respect-code.pdf
100. Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada: Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans http://www.pre.ethics.gc.ca
101. Jacoby L, Siminoff L, Empirical Methods for Bioethics Oxford: A Primer. Elsevier JAI 2008
102. The relevance of empirical research in bioethics. Miller FG, Wendler D, Schizophr Bull 2006 32 37 41 16192410
103. Surveys on attitudes to active euthanasia and the difficulty of drawing normative conclusions. Nilstun T, Melltorp G, Hermeren G, Scand J Public Health 2000 28 111 116 10.1177/140349480002800206 10954137
104. Quality of ethical guidelines and ethical content in clinical guidelines: the example of end-of-life decision-making. Strech D, Schildmann J, J Med Ethics 2011 37 7 390 396 10.1136/jme.2010.040121 21343629