Cognitive and affective mechanisms linking trait mindfulness to craving among individuals in addiction recovery

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 525-535

  Garland, Eric L ^a   Roberts Lewis, Amelia ^b   Kelley, Karen ^c   Tronnier, Christine ^d   Hanley, Adam ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^c Triangle Residential Options for Substance Abusers   (United States)

^d SMITH COLLEGE   (United States)

^e FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Addiction; Appetitive behaviors; Craving; Mindlessness; Motivation; Negative affect; Reappraisal; Stages of change; Substance dependence; Trait mindfulness

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADDICTION; ADULT; AFFECT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINDFULNESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RESIDENTIAL CARE;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR, ADDICTIVE; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MINDFULNESS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 84897787832     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.850309     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Alberts, H., Mulkens, S., Smeets, M., & Thewissen, R. (2010). Coping with food cravings. Investigating the potential of a mindfulness-based intervention. Appetite, 55(1), 160-163.
2. Alberts, H., Thewissen, R., & Raes, L. (2012). Dealing with problematic eating behaviour. The effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on eating behaviour, food cravings, dichotomous thinking and body image concern. Appetite, 58(3), 847-851
3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) (5th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
5. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45.
6. Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111, 33-51.
7. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.
8. Bergquist, K. L., Fox, H. C., & Sinha, R. (2010). Self-reports of interoceptive responses during stress and drug cue-related experiences in cocaine- and alcohol-dependent individuals. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 229-237.
9. Black, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J. (2012a). Psychometric assessment of the mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) among Chinese adolescents. Assessment, 19(1), 42-52.
10. Black, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J. (2012b). Testing the indirect effect of trait mindfulness on adolescent cigarette smoking through negative affect and perceived stress mediators. Journal of Substance Use, 17(5-6), 417-429.
11. Black, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C.A., & Milam, J. (2012c). Trait mindfulness helps shield decision-making from translating into health-risk behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(6), 588-592.
12. Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S. E., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30, 295-305.
13. Bowen, S., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Surfing the urge: Brief mindfulness-based intervention for college student smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 666-671.
14. Bower, J., Low, C., Moskowitz, J., Sepah, S., & Epel, E. (2008). Benefit finding and physical health: Positive psychological changes and enhanced allostasis. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 223-244.
15. Breese, G. R., Chu, K., Dayas, C. V., Funk, D., Knapp, D. J., Koob, G. F., et al. (2005). Stress enhancement of craving during sobriety: A risk for relapse. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29(2), 185-195.
16. Brewer, J. A., Sinha, R., Chen, J. A., Michalsen, R. N., Babuscio, T. A., Nich, C., et al. (2009). Mindfulness training and stress reactivity in substance abuse: results from a randomized, controlled stage I pilot study. Substance Abuse, 30(4), 306-317.
17. Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.
18. Browne,M.W.,&Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136.
19. Carmines, E. G., &McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. W. Bohrnstedt, & E. F. Borgatta (Eds.), Social Measurement: Current Issues (pp. 65-115). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
20. Carmody, J., & Baer, R.A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of BehavioralMedicine, 31(1), 23-33.
21. Cheetham, A., Allen, N. B., Yucel, M., & Lubman, D. I. (2010). The role of affective dysregulation in drug addiction. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 621-634.
22. Chiesa, A., Serretti, A., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2013). Mindfulness: Top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy? Clinical Psychology Review, 33(1), 82-96.
23. Coffey, K. A., & Hartman, M. (2008). Mechanisms of action in the inverse relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13(2), 79-81.
24. Davidson, R. J. (2010). Empirical explorations of mindfulness: conceptual and methodological conundrums. Emotion, 10(1), 8-11.
25. DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J. O., Fairhurst, S. K., Velicer,W. F., Velasquez, M. M.,&Rossi, J. S. (1991). The process of smoking cessation: An analysis of precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(2), 295-304.
26. DiClemente, C. C., Schlundt, D., & Gemmell, L. (2004). Readiness and stages of change in addiction treatment. American Journal on Addictions, 13(2), 103-119.
27. Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A.,Walsh, E. C., Charnigo, R. J., Lynam, D. R., &Baer, R. A. (2012). The "what" and the "how" of dispositional mindfulness using interactions among subscales of the five-facet mindfulness questionnaire to understand its relation to substance use. Assessment, 19(3), 276-286.
28. Feldman, G., Hayes, A., Kumar, S., Greeson, J.,&Laurenceau, J.-P. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177-190.
29. Flannery, B. A., Roberts, A. J., Cooney, N., Swift, R. M., Anton, R. F., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2001). The role of craving in alcohol use, dependence, and treatment. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 299-308.
30. Garland, E. L. (2007). The meaning ofmindfulness:Asecond-order cybernetics of stress, metacognition, and coping. Complementary Health Practice Review, 12, 15-30.
31. Garland, E. L. (2011). Trait mindfulness predicts attentional and autonomic regulation of alcohol cue-reactivity. Journal of Psychophysiology, 25(4), 180-189.
32. Garland, E. L., Boettiger, C. A., Gaylord, S., Chanon, V. W., & Howard,M. O. (2012).Mindfulness is inversely associated with alcohol attentional bias among recovering alcohol-dependent adults. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 441-450.
33. Garland, E. L., Boettiger, C. A., & Howard, M. O. (2011). Targeting cognitive-affective riskmechanisms in stress-precipitated alcohol dependence: An integrated, biopsychosocial model of allostasis, automaticity, and addiction. Medical Hypotheses, 76, 745-754.
34. Garland, E. L., & Froeliger, B. E. (in press). Mindfulness training targets addiction at the attention-emotion interface: A neurocognitive framework. In E. Langer, A. Le, & C. Ngoumen (Eds.), Handbook of Mindfulness, Wiley-Blackwell.
35. Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., Boettiger, C. A., & Howard, M. O. (2010). Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: Results from a randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 42, 177-192.
36. Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal coping mediates the stress-reductive effect of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59-67.
37. Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Park, J. (2009). The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal. Explore (NY), 5, 37-44.
38. Garland, E. L., & Roberts-Lewis, A. (2013). Differential roles of thought suppression and dispositional mindfulness in posttraumatic stress symptoms and craving. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1555-1562.
39. Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(9), 141-149.
40. Goldstein, R. Z., Craig, A. D., Bechara, A., Garavan, H., Childress, A. R., Paulus, M. P., et al. (2009). The neurocircuitry of impaired insight in drug addiction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 372-80.
41. Groves, P., & Farmer, R. (1994). Buddhism and addictions. Addiction Research & Theory, 2(2), 183-194.
42. Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A metaanalytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 74, 797-816.
43. Khantzian, E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: A reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 4, 231-44.
44. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
45. Kober, H., Mende-Siedlecki, P., Kross, E. F., Weber, J., Mischel, W., Hart, C. L., et al. (2011). Prefrontal-striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107, 14811-14816.
46. Langer, E. J. (1992).Matters of mind: Mindfulness/mindlessness in perspective. Consciousness and Cognition, 1(3), 289-305.
47. Larkin,M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2002). Experiences of addiction and recovery: The case for subjective accounts. Addiction Research & Theory, 10(3), 281-311.
48. Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
49. Lowman, C., Allen, J., & Stout, R. L. (1996). Replication and extension of Marlatt's taxonomy of relapse precipitants: overview of procedures and results. Addiction, 91(12s1), 51-72.
50. Ludwig, A. M., & Wikler, A. (1974). "Craving" and relapse to drink. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 35, 108-30.
51. Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Cognitive factors in the relapse process. In Relapse Prevention (pp. 128-200). New York: Guilford Press.
52. McGregor, B. A., Antoni, M. H., Boyers, A., Alferi, S. M., Blomberg, B. B., & Carver, C. S. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral stress management increases benefit finding and immune function among women with early-stage breast cancer. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56, 1-8.
53. Melchior, C. L., & Tabakoff, B. (1984). A conditioning model of alcohol tolerance. Recent Dev Alcohol, 2, 5-16.
54. Modinos, G., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A. (2010). Individual differences in dispositional mindfulness and brain activity involved in reappraisal of emotion. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(4), 369-377.
55. Poulos, C. X., Hinson, R. E., & Siegel, S. (1981). The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 6(3), 205-211.
56. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asympotic and resampling 'procedures for assessing and comparing indirect effects in 'multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
57. Rohsenow,D. J., Monti, P. M., Rubonis, A.V., Sirota, A. D.,Niaura, R. S., Colby, S. M., et al. (1994). Cue reactivity as a predictor of drinking among male alcoholics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 620-626.
58. Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., et al. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl. 20), 22-33.
59. Shiota,M. N., & Levenson, R.W. (2012). Turn down the volume or change the channel? Emotional effects of detached versus positive reappraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 416-429.
60. Skinner, M. D., & Aubin, H.-J. (2010). Craving's place in addiction theory: Contributions of the major models. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(4), 606-623.
61. Stewart, J., De Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91(2), 251-268.
62. Szasz, P. L., Szentagotai, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Effects of emotion regulation strategies on smoking craving, attentional bias, and task persistence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(5), 333-340.
63. Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review, 97, 147-168.
64. Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., Davis, T. S., & Mauss, I. B. (2012). History of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy is associated with increased cognitive reappraisal ability. Mindfulness, 1-10. Advanced online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012- 0114-5
65. Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320-333.
66. Ussher, M., Cropley, M., Playle, S., Mohidin, R., & West, R. (2009). Effect of isometric exercise and body scanning on cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction, 104(7), 1251-1257.
67. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., & Telang, F. (2011). Addiction: Beyond dopamine reward circuitry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 15037-15042.
68. Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüllerc, V., Kleinknechtc, N., & Schmidta, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness-the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543-1555.
69. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
70. Westbrook, C., Creswell, J. D., Tabibnia, G., Julson, E., Kober, H., & Tindle, H. A. (2013). Mindful attention reduces neural and self-reported cue-induced craving in smokers. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8(1), 73-84.
71. Witkiewitz, K., & Bowen, S. (2011). Depression, craving, and substance use following a randomized trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 362-374.
72. Witkiewitz, K., Lustyk, M. K. B., & Bowen, S. (2013). Retraining the addicted brain: A review of hypothesized neurobiological mechanisms of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(2), 351-365. Administration