Role of peroxide ions in formation of graphene nanosheets by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite

Scientific Reports

Volumn 4, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Rao, Kodepelly Sanjeeva ^a   Senthilnathan, Jaganathan ^a   Liu, Yung Fang ^a   Yoshimura, Masahiro ^a  

^a NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897598330     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep04237     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Park, S. & Ruoff, R. S. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 217-224 (2009).
2. Zhu, C.-H., Lu, Y., Peng, J., Chen, J. & Yu, S.-H. Photothermally sensitive poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogels as remote lightcontrolled liquid microvalves. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 4017-4022 (2012).
3. Novoselov, K. S. et al. A roadmap for graphene. Nature 490, 192-200 (2012).
4. Bonaccorso, F. et al. Production and processing of graphene and 2 d crystals. Mater. Today 15, 564-589 (2012).
5. Ruoff, R. S. Personal perspectives on graphene: New graphene-related materials on the horizon. MRS Bulletin 37, 1314-1318 (2012).
6. Hawaldar, R. et al. Large-area high-throughput synthesis of monolayer graphene sheet by hot filament thermal chemical vapor deposition. Sci. Rep. 2, 682-690 (2012).
7. Yoon, J.-C., Lee, J.-S., Kim, S.-I., Kim, K.-H. & Jang, J.-H. Three-dimensional graphene nano-networks with high quality and mass production capability via precursor-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Sci. Rep. 3, 1788-1795 (2013).
8. Hasan, T. et al. Solution-phase exfoliation of graphite for ultrafast photonics. Phys. Status Solidi B 247, 2953-2957 (2010).
9. Chabot, V., Kim, B., Sloper, B., Tzoganakis, C. & Yu, A. High yield production and purification of few layer graphene by gum arabic assisted physical sonication. Sci. Rep. 3, 1378-1384 (2013).
10. Hu, H., Zhao, Z., Wan, W., Gogotsi, Y. & Qiu, J. Ultralight and highly compressible graphene aerogels. Adv. Mater. 25, 2219-2223 (2013).
11. Hu, H., Zhao, Z., Zhou, Q., Gogotsi, Y. & Qiu, J. The role of microwave absorption on formation of graphene from graphite oxide. Carbon 50, 3267-3273 (2012).
12. Marago, O. M. et al. Brownian motion of graphene. ACS Nano 4, 7515-7523 (2010).
13. Wang, X. et al. Solution-processable graphene nanomeshes with controlled pore structures. Sci. Rep. 3, 1996-2000 (2013).
14. Lu, J. et al. One-pot synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoribbons, nanoparticles, and graphene by the exfoliation of graphite in ionic liquids. ACS Nano 3, 2367-2375 (2009).
15. Mao, M. et al. Simultaneous electrochemical synthesis of few-layer graphene flakes on both electrodes in protic ionic liquids. Chem. Commun. 49, 5301-5303 (2013).
16. Liu, N. et al. One-step ionic-liquid-assisted electrochemical synthesis of ionicliquid-functionalized graphene sheets directly from graphite. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 1518-1525 (2008).
17. Su, C.-Y. et al. High-quality thin graphene films from fast electrochemical exfoliation. ACS Nano 5, 2332-2339 (2011).
18. Xia, Z. Y. et al. The exfoliation of graphene in liquids by electrochemical, chemical, and sonication-assisted techniques: A nanoscale study. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 4684-4693 (2013).
19. Morales, G. M. et al. High-quality few layer graphene produced by electrochemical intercalation and microwave-assisted expansion of graphite. Carbon 49, 2809-2816 (2011).
20. Liu, J. et al. Improved synthesis of graphene flakes from the multiple electrochemical exfoliation of graphite rod. Nano Energy 2, 377-386 (2013).
21. Huang, H. et al. Highly efficient electrolytic exfoliation of graphite into graphene sheets based on Li ions intercalation-expansion-microexplosion mechanism. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 10452-10456 (2012).
22. Wang, J., Manga, K. K., Bao, Q. & Loh, K. P. High-yield synthesis of few-layer graphene flakes through electrochemical expansion of graphite in propylene carbonate electrolyte. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 8888-8891 (2011).
23. Zhong, Y. L. & Swager, T. M. Enhanced electrochemical expansion of graphite for in situ electrochemical functionalization. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 17896-17899 (2012).
24. Alanyali{dotless}oglu, M., Segura, J. J., Oró-Solè, J. & Casañ-Pastor, N. The synthesis of graphene sheets with controlled thickness and order using surfactant-assisted electrochemical processes. Carbon 50, 142-152 (2012).
25. Zhou, M. et al. Few-layer graphene obtained by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite cathode. Chem. Phys. Lett. 572, 61-65 (2013).
26. 2 as exfoliating agents. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 8775-8777 (2012).
27. Vona, M. L. D. et al. A simple new route to covalent organic/inorganic hybrid proton exchange polymeric membranes. Chem. Mater. 18, 69-75 (2006).
28. Behabtu, N. et al. Spontaneous high-concentration dispersions and liquid crystals of graphene. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 406-411 (2010).
29. Chen, X. et al. Structure study of cellulose fibers wet-spun from environmentally friendly NaOH/urea aqueous solutions. Biomacromolecules 8, 1918-1926 (2007). (Pubitemid 47009971)
30. Kuila, T., Khanra, P., Kim, N.H., Lim, J.K. & Lee, J. H. Effects of sodium hydroxide on the yield and electrochemical performance of sulfonated poly(ether-etherketone) functionalized graphene. J. Mater. Chem. A 1, 9294-9302 (2013).
31. 2 as oxidant. Chem. Eur. J. 11, 6905-6915 (2005). (Pubitemid 41682328)
32. Yoshimura, M. & Livage, J. Soft processing for advanced inorganic materials. MRS Bulletin Special Issue 25, 12-13 (2000).
33. Yoshimura, M. Importance of soft solution processing for advanced inorganic materials. J. Mater. Res. 13, 796-802 (1998).
34. Yoshimura, M. Soft solution processing: Concept and realization of direct fabrication of shaped ceramics (nano-crystals, whiskers, films, and/or patterns) in solutions without post-firing. J. Mater. Sci. 41, 1299-1306 (2006). (Pubitemid 43383005)
35. Krtil, P., Fattakhova, D. & Yoshimura, M. Mechanism of soft solution processing formation of alkaline earth metal tungstates: An electrochemical and in situ AFM study. J. Solid State Electrochem. 6, 367-373 (2002). (Pubitemid 36160392)
36. Lemmer, K., Mielke, M., Pauli, G. & Beekes, M. Decontamination of surgical instruments from prion proteins: In vitro studies on the detachment, destabilization and degradation of PrPSc bound to steel surfaces. J. Gen. Virol. 85, 3805-3816 (2004). (Pubitemid 39591888)
37. 2 in water mediated by a vanadiumsubstituted polyoxometalate. Green Chem. 13, 1486-1489 (2011).
38. Ferrari, C. & Robertson, J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon. Phys. Rev. B 61, 14095-14107 (2000).
39. Cancado, L. G. et al. Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies. Nano Lett. 11, 3190-3196 (2011).
40. Ferrari, A. C. et al. Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401-187404 (2006).
41. Li, Y., Zijll, M. V., Chiang, S. & Pan, N. KOH modified graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor electrodes. J. Power Sources 196, 6003-6006 (2011).
42. Park, S. et al. Aqueous suspension and characterization of chemically modified graphene sheets. Chem. Mater. 20, 6592-6594 (2008).
43. Yumitori, S. Correlation of C1s chemical state intensities with the O1s intensity in the XPS analysis of anodically oxidized glass-like carbon samples. J. Mater. Sci. 35, 139-146 (2000). (Pubitemid 30542134)
44. Zhu, G.-X., Wei, X.-W. & Jiang, S. A facile route to carbon-coated nickel-based metal nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. 17, 2301-2306 (2007). (Pubitemid 46836510)
45. Lee, J. H. et al. One-step exfoliation synthesis of easily soluble graphite and transparent conducting graphene sheets. Adv. Mater. 21, 4383-4387 (2009).
46. Campos-Martin, J. M., Blanco-Brieva, G. & Fierro, J. L. G. Hydrogen peroxide synthesis: An outlook beyond the anthraquinone process. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 6962-6984 (2006). (Pubitemid 44690325)
47. 3). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 424-435 (2013).
48. Spyrou, K. et al. A novel route towards high quality fullerene-pillared graphene. Carbon 61, 313-320 (2013).
49. Pruvost, S., Herold, C., Herold, A. & Lagrange, P. Co-intercalation into graphite of lithium and sodium with an alkaline earth metal. Carbon 42, 1825-1831 (2004).
50. Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306, 666-669 (2004). (Pubitemid 39440910)
51. - in aqueous solution. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 17, 513-886 (1988).
52. 6 into graphite. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 892-898 (2000). (Pubitemid 30594894)
53. Katinaonkul, W. & Lerner, M. M. Graphite intercalation compounds with large fluoroanions. J. Fluorine Chem. 128, 332-335 (2007).