Late-onset epilepsy and occult cerebrovascular disease

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 564-570

  Gibson, Lorna M ^a   Hanby, Martha F ^b   Al Bachari, Sarah M ^c,d   Parkes, Laura M ^d   Allan, Stuart M ^d   Emsley, Hedley C A ^c,d  

^a WESTERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c ROYAL PRESTON HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antiepileptic drugs; Epileptogenesis; Inflammation; Late onset epilepsy; Occult cerebrovascular disease

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT;

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL METABOLISM DISORDER; CEREBRAL PERFUSION DISORDER; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENCEPHALITIS; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTOGENESIS; HUMAN; LATE ONSET EPILEPSY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEIZURE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

AGE OF ONSET; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84897576320     PISSN: 0271678X     EISSN: 15597016     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.25     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Lancman ME, Golimstok A, Norscini J, Granillo R. Risk factors for developing seizures after a stroke. Epilepsia 1993; 34: 141-143.
2. Brodie MJ, Elder AT, Kwan P. Epilepsy in later life. Lancet Neurol. 2009; 8: 1019-1030.
3. Hand PJ, Kwan J, Lindley RI, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Distinguishing between stroke and mimic at the bedside: the brain attack study. Stroke 2006; 37: 769-775.
4. de Freitas GR. Borderlands of transient ischemic attacks, seizures and other transient neurological deficits. Commentary on de Reuck and van Maele: transient ischemic attacks and inhibitory seizures in elderly patients. Eur Neurol 2010; 63: 60-61.
5. Eur Neurol 2009;62:344-348
6. de Reuck J, van Maele G. Transient ischemic attacks and inhibitory seizures in elderly patients. Eur Neurol 2009; 62: 344-348.
7. Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, Alberts MJ, Chaturvedi S, Feldmann E et al. American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease.. Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2009; 40: 2276-2293.
8. Li X, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, Meinardi H, Hauser WA, Hofman A. Vascular determinants of epilepsy: the Rotterdam Study. Epilepsia 1997; 38: 1216-1220.
9. Ng SK, Hauser WA, Brust JC, Susser M. Hypertension and the risk of new-onset unprovoked seizures. Neurology 1993; 43: 425-428.
10. Roberts RC, Shorvon SD, Cox TC, Gilliatt RW. Clinically unsuspected cerebral infarction revealed by computed tomography scanning in late onset epilepsy. Epilepsia 1988; 29: 190-194.
11. Maxwell H, Hanby M, Parkes LM, Gibson LM, Coutinho C, Emsley HC. Prevalence and subtypes of radiological cerebrovascular disease in late-onset isolated seizures and epilepsy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115: 591-596.
12. Cleary P, Shorvon S, Tallis R. Late-onset seizures as a predictor of subsequent stroke. Lancet 2004; 363: 1184-1186.
13. Fish DR, Miller DH, Roberts RC, Blackie JD, Gilliatt RW. The natural history of lateonset epilepsy secondary to vascular disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 80: 524-526.
14. Daniele O, Mattaliano A, Tassinari CA, Natalè E. Epileptic seizures and cerebrovascular disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 80: 17-22.
15. Shinton RA, Gill JS, Zezulka AV, Beevers DG. The frequency of epilepsy preceding stroke. Case-control study in 230 patients. Lancet 1987; 1: 11-13.
16. Brodie MJ, Mintzer S, Pack AM, Gidal BE, Vecht CJ, Schmidt D. Enzyme induction with antiepileptic drugs: Cause for concern? Epilepsia 2013; 54: 11-27.
17. Olesen JB, Abildstrøm SZ, Erdal J, Gislason GH, Weeke P, Andersson C et al. Effects of epilepsy and selected antiepileptic drugs on risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in patients with or without previous stroke: a nationwide cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2011; 20: 964-971.
18. Chuang YC, Chuang HY, Lin TK, Chang CC, Lu CH, Chang WN et al. Effects of longterm antiepileptic drug monotherapy on vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 120-128.
19. Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49: 2129-2138.
20. Belcastro V, Striano P. Antiepileptic drugs, hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamins supplementation in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2012; 102: 1-7.
21. Kinnecom C, Lev MH, Wendell L, Smith EE, Rosand J, Frosch MP et al. Course of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation. Neurology 2007; 68: 1411-1416.
22. García-García J, Calleja S, De la Vega V, Salas-Puig J, Lahoz CH. Heraldic seizure. Seizure 2004; 13: 328-330.
23. Emsley HC, Kowalewska-Zietek J, Gulati RS, Wuppalapati S. When stopping the antiplatelet drugs stopped the 'TIAs'. Pract Neurol 2012; 12: 36-39.
24. Charidimou A, Peeters A, Fox Z, Gregoire SM, Vandermeeren Y, Laloux P et al. Spectrum of transient focal neurological episodes in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: multicentre magnetic resonance imaging cohort study and meta-analysis. Stroke 2012; 43: 2324-2330.
25. Olichney JM, Hansen LA, Hofstetter CR, Lee JH, Katzman R, Thal LJ. Association between severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cerebrovascular lesions in Alzheimer disease is not a spurious one attributable to apolipoprotein E4. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 869-874.
26. Lozsadi DA, Larner AJ. Prevalence and causes of seizures at the time of diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 22: 121-124.
27. Roth C, Ferbert A. The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: what's certain, what's new? Pract Neurol 2011; 11: 136-144.
28. Ducros A, Bousser MG. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Pract Neurol 2009; 9: 256-267.
29. Ferro JM. Vasculitis of the central nervous system. J Neurol 1998; 245: 766-776.
30. Dichgans M, Mayer M, Uttner I, Brüning R, Müller-Höcker J, Rungger G et al. The phenotypic spectrum of CADASIL: clinical findings in 102 cases. Ann Neurol 1998; 44: 731-739.
31. Kaufman KR, Zuber N, Rueda-Lara MA, Tobia A. MELAS with recurrent complex partial seizures, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, psychosis, and behavioural disturbances: case analysis with literature review. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 18: 494-497.
32. Gouw AA, Seewann A, van der Flier WM, Barkhof F, Rozemuller AM, Scheltens P et al. Heterogeneity of small vessel disease: a systematic review of MRI and histopathology correlations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82: 126-135.
33. Zhu YC, Tzourio C, Soumaré A, Mazoyer B, Dufouil C, Chabriat H. Severity of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces is associated with age, blood pressure, and MRI markers of small vessel disease: a population-based study. Stroke 2010; 41: 2483-2490.
34. Nitkunan A, Lanfranconi S, Charlton RA, Barrick TR, Markus HS. Brain atrophy and cerebral small vessel disease: a prospective follow-up study. Stroke 2011; 42: 133-138.
35. Goodwin JA, Vidyasagar R, Balanos GM, Bulte D, Parkes LM. Quantitative fMRI using hyperoxia calibration: reproducibility during a cognitive Stroop task. Neuroimage 2009; 47: 573-580.
36. Gibson LM, Allan SM, Parkes LM, Emsley HC. Occult cerebrovascular disease and late-onset epilepsy: could loss of neurovascular unit integrity be a viable model? Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol 2011; 2011: 130406.
37. De Reuck J, Decoo D, Boon P, Strijckmans K, Goethals P, Lemahieu I. Late-onset epileptic seizures in patients with leukoaraiosis: a positron emission tomographic study. Eur Neurol 1996; 36: 20-24.
38. Valmier J, Touchon J, Baldy-Moulinier M. Interictal regional cerebral blood flow during non specific activation test in partial epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52: 364-371.
39. Wiest R, von Bredow F, Schindler K, Schauble B, Slotboom J, Brekenfeld C et al. Detection of regional blood perfusion changes in epileptic seizures with dynamic brain perfusion CT - a pilot study. Epilepsy Res 2006; 72: 102-110.
40. Niehaus L, Wieshmann UC, Meyer B. Changes in cerebral hemodynamics during simple partial motor seizures. Eur Neurol 2000; 44: 8-11.
41. Hafeez F, Razzaq MA, Levine RL, Ramirez MA. Reperfusion seizures: a manifestation of cerebral reperfusion injury after administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 16: 273-277.
42. Rodan LH, Aviv RI, Sahlas DJ, Murray BJ, Gladstone JP, Gladstone DJ. Seizures during stroke thrombolysis heralding dramatic neurologic recovery. Neurology 2006; 67: 2048-2049.
43. De Reuck J, Van Maele G. Acute ischemic stroke treatment and the occurrence of seizures. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112: 328-331.
44. Terborg C, Gora F, Weiller C, Röther J. Reduced vasomotor reactivity in cerebral microangiopathy: a study with near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler sonography. Stroke 2000; 31: 924-929.
45. Schroeter ML, Cutini S, Wahl MM, Scheid R, Yves von Cramon D. Neurovascular coupling is impaired in cerebral microangiopathy - An event-related Stroop study. Neuroimage 2007; 34: 26-34.
46. Wardlaw JM, Sandercock PA, Dennis MS, Starr J. Is breakdown of the blood-brain barrier responsible for lacunar stroke, leukoaraiosis, and dementia? Stroke 2003; 34: 806-812.
47. Armitage PA, Farrall AJ, Carpenter TK, Doubal FN, Wardlaw JM. Use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure subtle blood-brain barrier abnormalities. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29: 305-314.
48. Roob G, Fazekas F. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral microbleeds. Curr Opin Neurol 2000; 13: 69-73.
49. Marchi N, Granata T, Ghosh C, Janigro D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and epilepsy: pathophysiologic role and therapeutic approaches. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 1877-1886.
50. Vezzani A, Friedman A, Dingledine RJ. The role of inflammation in epileptogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2013; 69: 16-24.