메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 345-359

A functional framework for improved management of western north American aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

Author keywords

Adaptive management; Biodiversity; Classification; Climate; Forests; Landscape

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION (OF INFORMATION); ECOLOGY;

EID: 84897554731     PISSN: 0015749X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5849/forsci.12-156     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (125)
  • 3
    • 0000673481 scopus 로고
    • The natural vegetation of Saskatchewan prior to agricultural settlement
    • Archibold, O.W., and M.R. Wilson. 1980. The natural vegetation of Saskatchewan prior to agricultural settlement. Can. J. Bot. 58(19): 2031-2042.
    • (1980) Can. J. Bot , vol.58 , Issue.19 , pp. 2031-2042
    • Archibold, O.W.1    Wilson, M.R.2
  • 4
    • 0002003157 scopus 로고
    • Fire temperatures in grass, shrub and aspen forest communities of central Alberta
    • Bailey, A.W., and M.L. Anderson. 1980. Fire temperatures in grass, shrub and aspen forest communities of central Alberta. J. Range Manage. 33:37-40.
    • (1980) J. Range Manage , vol.33 , pp. 37-40
    • Bailey, A.W.1    Anderson, M.L.2
  • 5
    • 0025628786 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of woody species following burning and grazing in aspen parkland
    • Bailey, A.W., B.D. Irving, and D. Fitzgerald. 1990. Regeneration of woody species following burning and grazing in aspen parkland. J. Range Manage. 43(3):212-215.
    • (1990) J. Range Manage , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 212-215
    • Bailey, A.W.1    Irving, B.D.2    Fitzgerald, D.3
  • 6
    • 34249936197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid shifts in the chemical composition of aspen forests: An introduced herbivore as an agent of natural selection
    • Bailey, J.K., J.A. Schweitzer, B.J. Rehill, D.J. Irschick, T.G. Whitham, and R.L. Lindroth. 2007. Rapid shifts in the chemical composition of aspen forests: An introduced herbivore as an agent of natural selection. Biol. Invas. 9:715-722.
    • (2007) Biol. Invas , vol.9 , pp. 715-722
    • Bailey, J.K.1    Schweitzer, J.A.2    Rehill, B.J.3    Irschick, D.J.4    Whitham, T.G.5    Lindroth, R.L.6
  • 7
    • 0002227834 scopus 로고
    • Descriptions of the ecoregions of the United States
    • Publ. No. 1391, Washington, DC
    • Bailey, R.G. 1995. Descriptions of the ecoregions of the United States. USDA For. Serv., Misc. Publ. No. 1391, Washington, DC. 108 p.
    • (1995) USDA For. Serv., Misc , pp. 108
    • Bailey, R.G.1
  • 8
    • 84903700872 scopus 로고
    • Aspen as a temporary forest type
    • Baker, F.S. 1925. Aspen in the central Rocky Mountain region. USDA For. Serv., Bull. 1291, Washington, DC
    • Baker, F.S. 1918. Aspen as a temporary forest type. J. For. 16:294-300. Baker, F.S. 1925. Aspen in the central Rocky Mountain region. USDA For. Serv., Bull. 1291, Washington, DC. 47 p.
    • (1918) J. For. 16:294-300 , pp. 47
    • Baker, F.S.1
  • 10
    • 0011287471 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic variation of trembling aspen in western North America
    • Barnes, B.V. 1975. Phenotypic variation of trembling aspen in western North America. For. Sci. 21(3):319-328.
    • (1975) For. Sci , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-328
    • Barnes, B.V.1
  • 11
    • 0001870582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of quaking aspen in the Interior West-Examples from Utah
    • Bartos, D.L., and R.B. Campbell Jr. 1998. Decline of quaking aspen in the Interior West-Examples from Utah. Rangelands 20(1):17-24.
    • (1998) Rangelands , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-24
    • Bartos, D.L.1    Campbell Jr., R.B.2
  • 12
    • 0023510754 scopus 로고
    • Beaver habitat use and impact in Truckee River Basin California, USA
    • Beier, P., and R.H. Barrett. 1987. Beaver habitat use and impact in Truckee River Basin California, USA. J. Wildl. Manage. 51(4): 794-799.
    • (1987) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 794-799
    • Beier, P.1    Barrett, R.H.2
  • 13
    • 69249210877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large predators and trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems of the western United States
    • Beschta, R.L., and W.J. Ripple. 2009. Large predators and trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems of the western United States. Biol. Con-serv. 142:2401-2414.
    • (2009) Biol. Con-serv , vol.142 , pp. 2401-2414
    • Beschta, R.L.1    Ripple, W.J.2
  • 14
    • 0000344669 scopus 로고
    • Uneven-aged stand structure and growth of Rocky Mountain aspen
    • Betters, D.R., and R.R. Woods. 1981. Uneven-aged stand structure and growth of Rocky Mountain aspen. J. For. 79(10):673-676.
    • (1981) J. For , vol.79 , Issue.10 , pp. 673-676
    • Betters, D.R.1    Woods, R.R.2
  • 15
    • 0000347437 scopus 로고
    • Biotic communities of the aspen parkland of central Canada
    • Bird, R.D. 1930. Biotic communities of the aspen parkland of central Canada. Ecology 11(2):356-442.
    • (1930) Ecology , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 356-442
    • Bird, R.D.1
  • 16
    • 0011369809 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses to long-term sheep grazing on mountain ranges
    • Bowns, J.E., and C.F. Bagley. 1986. Vegetation responses to long-term sheep grazing on mountain ranges. J. Range Manage. 39(5):431-434.
    • (1986) J. Range Manage , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 431-434
    • Bowns, J.E.1    Bagley, C.F.2
  • 17
    • 33645551166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structural dynamics of North American boreal forests
    • Brassard, B.W., and H.Y.H. Chen. 2006. Stand structural dynamics of North American boreal forests. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25:115-137.
    • (2006) Crit. Rev. Plant Sci , vol.25 , pp. 115-137
    • Brassard, B.W.1    Chen, H.Y.H.2
  • 18
    • 0033500006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical variability in fire at the ponderosa pine-northern great plains prairie ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, South Dakota
    • Brown, M., and C.H. Sieg. 1999. Historical variability in fire at the ponderosa pine-northern great plains prairie ecotone, southeastern Black Hills, South Dakota. Ecoscience 6(4):539-547.
    • (1999) Ecoscience , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 539-547
    • Brown, M.1    Sieg, C.H.2
  • 19
    • 84897487513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of soil moisture and hillslope-stream connectivity between aspen and conifer-dominated hillslopes of a first order catchment in northern Utah
    • Logan, UT
    • Burke, A.R. 2009. A comparison of soil moisture and hillslope-stream connectivity between aspen and conifer-dominated hillslopes of a first order catchment in northern Utah. MS thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT. 125 p.
    • (2009) MS Thesis, Utah State Univ , pp. 125
    • Burke, A.R.1
  • 20
    • 0028254628 scopus 로고
    • Bison extirpation may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada
    • Campbell, C., I.D. Campbell, C.B. Blyth, and J.H. McAndrews. 1994. Bison extirpation may have caused aspen expansion in western Canada. Ecography 17(4):360-362.
    • (1994) Ecography , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 360-362
    • Campbell, C.1    Campbell, I.D.2    Blyth, C.B.3    McAndrews, J.H.4
  • 21
    • 0036025746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of North American boreal mixedwoods
    • Chen, H.Y.H., and R.V. Popadiouk. 2002. Dynamics of North American boreal mixedwoods. Environ. Rev. 10:137-166.
    • (2002) Environ. Rev , vol.10 , pp. 137-166
    • Chen, H.Y.H.1    Popadiouk, R.V.2
  • 22
    • 0000337222 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization
    • Connell, J.H., and R.O. Slatyer. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. Am. Naturalist 111(982):1119-1144.
    • (1977) Am. Naturalist , vol.111 , Issue.982 , pp. 1119-1144
    • Connell, J.H.1    Slatyer, R.O.2
  • 23
    • 78751680266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations
    • Crimmins, S.M., S.Z. Dobrowski, J.A. Greenberg, J.T. Abatzoglou, and A.R. Mynsberge. 2011. Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species' optimum elevations. Science 331: 324-327.
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , pp. 324-327
    • Crimmins, S.M.1    Dobrowski, S.Z.2    Greenberg, J.A.3    Abatzoglou, J.T.4    Mynsberge, A.R.5
  • 24
    • 0344730759 scopus 로고
    • Aspen regeneration and soils
    • Cryer, D.H., and J.E. Murray. 1992. Aspen regeneration and soils. Rangelands 14:223-226.
    • (1992) Rangelands , vol.14 , pp. 223-226
    • Cryer, D.H.1    Murray, J.E.2
  • 25
    • 0034479240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap dynamics in boreal aspen stands: Is the forest older than we think?
    • Cumming, S.G., F.K.A. Schmiegelow, and P.J. Burton. 2000. Gap dynamics in boreal aspen stands: Is the forest older than we think? Ecol. Appl. 10:744-759.
    • (2000) Ecol. Appl , vol.10 , pp. 744-759
    • Cumming, S.G.1    Schmiegelow, F.K.A.2    Burton, P.J.3
  • 26
    • 0008127852 scopus 로고
    • Animal impacts
    • DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO
    • DeByle, N.V. 1985. Animal impacts. P. 115-123 in Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States, DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (1985) Aspen: Ecology and Management In the Western United States , pp. 115-123
    • Debyle, N.V.1
  • 27
    • 85040852670 scopus 로고
    • Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States
    • RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO
    • DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winokur (eds.). 1985. Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States. USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO. 283 p.
    • (1985) USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep , pp. 283
    • Debyle, N.V.1    Winokur, R.P.2
  • 28
    • 77949667204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration response and seedling bank dynamics on a Dendroctonus rufipennis-killed Picea engelmannii landscape
    • DeRose, R.J., and J.N. Long. 2010. Regeneration response and seedling bank dynamics on a Dendroctonus rufipennis-killed Picea engelmannii landscape. J. Veg. Sci. 21:377-387.
    • (2010) J. Veg. Sci , vol.21 , pp. 377-387
    • Derose, R.J.1    Long, J.N.2
  • 30
    • 2342430312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at treeline: A century of change in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA
    • Elliot, G.P., and W.L. Baker. 2004. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at treeline: A century of change in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, USA. J. Biogeogr. 31:733-745.
    • (2004) J. Biogeogr , vol.31 , pp. 733-745
    • Elliot, G.P.1    Baker, W.L.2
  • 32
    • 84870895946 scopus 로고
    • Aspen as a permanent forest type
    • Fetherolf, J.M. 1917. Aspen as a permanent forest type. J. For. 15: 757-760.
    • (1917) J. For , vol.15 , pp. 757-760
    • Fetherolf, J.M.1
  • 33
    • 0034865668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future fire in Canada's boreal forest: Paleo-ecology results and general circulation model-Regional climate model simulations
    • Flannigan, M., I. Campbell, C. Wolton, P. Carcaillet, P. Richard, and Y. Bergeron. 2001. Future fire in Canada's boreal forest: Paleo-ecology results and general circulation model-Regional climate model simulations. Can. J. For. Res. 31:854-864.
    • (2001) Can. J. For. Res , vol.31 , pp. 854-864
    • Flannigan, M.1    Campbell, I.2    Wolton, C.3    Carcaillet, P.4    Richard, P.5    Bergeron, Y.6
  • 34
    • 4644290846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting landscape patterns of aspen dieback: Mechanisms and knowledge gaps
    • Frey, B.R., V.J. Lieffers, E.H. Hogg, and S.M. Landhäusser. 2004. Predicting landscape patterns of aspen dieback: Mechanisms and knowledge gaps. Can. J. For. Res. 34:1379-1390.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res , vol.34 , pp. 1379-1390
    • Frey, B.R.1    Lieffers, V.J.2    Hogg, E.H.3
  • 36
    • 0038336563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics under fire exclusion and logging in a Rocky Mountain watershed, 1856-1996
    • Gallant, A.L., A.J. Hansen, J.S. Cousilman, D.K. Monte, and D.W. Betz. 2003. Vegetation dynamics under fire exclusion and logging in a Rocky Mountain watershed, 1856-1996. Ecol. Appl. 13:385-403.
    • (2003) Ecol. Appl , vol.13 , pp. 385-403
    • Gallant, A.L.1    Hansen, A.J.2    Cousilman, J.S.3    Monte, D.K.4    Betz, D.W.5
  • 37
    • 0008615894 scopus 로고
    • The trembling giant
    • Grant, M.C. 1993. The trembling giant. Discover 14(10):82-89.
    • (1993) Discover , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 82-89
    • Grant, M.C.1
  • 38
    • 84897556067 scopus 로고
    • Result of an experimental seeding in 1920 of white spruce and jack pine in Western Manitoba
    • Haig, R.A. 1959. Result of an experimental seeding in 1920 of white spruce and jack pine in Western Manitoba. For. Chron. 35(1):7-12.
    • (1959) For. Chron , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-12
    • Haig, R.A.1
  • 39
    • 0001414348 scopus 로고
    • Willow and aspen in the ecology of beaver on Sagehen Creek, California
    • Hall, J.G. 1960. Willow and aspen in the ecology of beaver on Sagehen Creek, California. Ecology 41(3):484-494.
    • (1960) Ecology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 484-494
    • Hall, J.G.1
  • 40
    • 0003442080 scopus 로고
    • Water and mineral nutrient transfer between root systems of juvenile Populus
    • Hansen, E.A., and R.E. Dickson. 1979. Water and mineral nutrient transfer between root systems of juvenile Populus. For. Sci. 25:247-252.
    • (1979) For. Sci , vol.25 , pp. 247-252
    • Hansen, E.A.1    Dickson, R.E.2
  • 41
    • 33750593466 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial forests in south central Alberta, Canada
    • Hansen, H.P. 1949. Postglacial forests in south central Alberta, Canada. Am. J. Bot. 36(1):54-65.
    • (1949) Am. J. Bot , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-65
    • Hansen, H.P.1
  • 42
    • 85040306256 scopus 로고
    • Tree dynamics in seral and stable aspen stands of central Utah
    • INT-RP-297, Ogden, UT
    • Harniss, R.O., and K.T. Harper. 1982. Tree dynamics in seral and stable aspen stands of central Utah. USDA For. Serv., Res. Pap. INT-RP-297, Ogden, UT. 7 p.
    • (1982) USDA For. Serv., Res. Pap , pp. 7
    • Harniss, R.O.1    Harper, K.T.2
  • 43
    • 0004158987 scopus 로고
    • Diseases
    • DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO
    • Hinds, T.E. 1985. Diseases. P. 87-106. in Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States, DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (1985) Aspen: Ecology and Management In the Western United States , pp. 87-106
    • Hinds, T.E.1
  • 44
    • 84897539872 scopus 로고
    • Wounds and canker diseases on Western Aspen [Populus tremuloides]
    • Washington, DC
    • Hinds, T.E., and R.G. Krebill. 1975. Wounds and canker diseases on Western Aspen [Populus tremuloides]. USDA For. Serv., Forest Pest Leaflet 152, Washington, DC. 9 p.
    • (1975) USDA For. Serv., Forest Pest Leaflet 152 , pp. 9
    • Hinds, T.E.1    Krebill, R.G.2
  • 45
    • 0036106369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and dieback of aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects
    • Hogg, E.H., J.P. Brandt, and B. Kochtubajda. 2002. Growth and dieback of aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects. Can. J. For. Res. 32(5):823-832.
    • (2002) Can. J. For. Res , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 823-832
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Brandt, J.P.2    Kochtubajda, B.3
  • 46
    • 22144446032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting interannual variation in growth of western Canadian aspen forests during 1951-2000
    • Hogg, E.H., J.P. Brandt, and B. Kochtubajda. 2005. Factors affecting interannual variation in growth of western Canadian aspen forests during 1951-2000. Can. J. For. Res. 35(3):610-622.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 610-622
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Brandt, J.P.2    Kochtubajda, B.3
  • 47
    • 0028991371 scopus 로고
    • The Aspen Parkland in Western Canada-A dry-climate analog for the future boreal forest
    • Hogg, E.H., and P.A. Hurdle. 1995. The Aspen Parkland in Western Canada-A dry-climate analog for the future boreal forest. Water Air Soil Pollut. 82(1-2):391-400.
    • (1995) Water Air Soil Pollut , vol.82 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 391-400
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Hurdle, P.A.2
  • 48
    • 0030695067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of planted conifers across climatic moisture gradients on the Canadian prairies: Implications for distribution and climate change
    • Hogg, E.H., and A.G. Schwarz. 1997. Regeneration of planted conifers across climatic moisture gradients on the Canadian prairies: Implications for distribution and climate change. J. Biogeogr. 24(4):527-553.
    • (1997) J. Biogeogr , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-553
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Schwarz, A.G.2
  • 49
    • 84897479497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change 2007: The physical science basis, Solomon
    • Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M.M.B. Tignor, H.L. Miller, and Z. Chen (eds.), Cambridge, UK
    • Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate change 2007: The physical science basis, Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, M. Marquis, K. Averyt, M.M.B. Tignor, H.L. Miller, and Z. Chen (eds.). Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, UK.
    • (2007) Intergovermental Panel On Climate Change
  • 50
    • 0001172878 scopus 로고
    • Small-mammal distributions across the prairie-forest transition of Minnesota and North Dakota
    • Iverson, S.L., R.W. Seabloom, and J.M. Hnatiuk. 1967. Small-mammal distributions across the prairie-forest transition of Minnesota and North Dakota. Am. Midl. Naturalist 78(1):188-197.
    • (1967) Am. Midl. Naturalist , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-197
    • Iverson, S.L.1    Seabloom, R.W.2    Hnatiuk, J.M.3
  • 51
    • 69249205563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and dendrochronological analysis of natural root grafting in Populus tremu-loides (Salicaceae)
    • Jelínková, H., F. Tremblay, and A. DesRochers. 2009. Molecular and dendrochronological analysis of natural root grafting in Populus tremu-loides (Salicaceae). Am. J. Bot. 96:1500-1505.
    • (2009) Am. J. Bot , vol.96 , pp. 1500-1505
    • Jelínková, H.1    Tremblay, F.2    Desrochers, A.3
  • 52
    • 0001088929 scopus 로고
    • The influence of grove size on bird species richness in aspen parklands
    • Johns, B.W. 1993. The influence of grove size on bird species richness in aspen parklands. Wilson Bull. 105(2):256-264.
    • (1993) Wilson Bull , vol.105 , Issue.2 , pp. 256-264
    • Johns, B.W.1
  • 54
    • 0025645090 scopus 로고
    • Browse selection by beaver effects on riparian forest composition
    • Johnston, C.A., and R.J. Naiman. 1990. Browse selection by beaver effects on riparian forest composition. Can. J. For. Res. 20(7): 1036-1043.
    • (1990) Can. J. For. Res , vol.20 , Issue.7 , pp. 1036-1043
    • Johnston, C.A.1    Naiman, R.J.2
  • 56
    • 85040852670 scopus 로고
    • Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States
    • Fire. P, DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Win-okur (eds.), RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO
    • Jones, J.R., and N.V. DeByle. 1985. Fire. P. 77-81 in Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States, DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Win-okur (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (1985) USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep , pp. 77-81
    • Jones, J.R.1    Debyle, N.V.2
  • 57
    • 34848840723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling divergent interpretations of the quaking aspen decline on the northern Colorado Front Range
    • Kashian, D.M., W.H. Romme, and C.M. Regan. 2007. Reconciling divergent interpretations of the quaking aspen decline on the northern Colorado Front Range. Ecol. Appl. 17(5):1296-1311.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 1296-1311
    • Kashian, D.M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Regan, C.M.3
  • 58
    • 0027865103 scopus 로고
    • Aspen seedlings in recently burned areas of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks
    • Kay, C.E. 1993. Aspen seedlings in recently burned areas of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. Northw. Sci. 67(2):94-104.
    • (1993) Northw. Sci , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 94-104
    • Kay, C.E.1
  • 59
    • 79958032372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesoscale synchrony in quaking aspen establishment across the interior western US
    • Kaye, M.W. 2011. Mesoscale synchrony in quaking aspen establishment across the interior western US. For. Ecol. Manage. 262:389-397.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.262 , pp. 389-397
    • Kaye, M.W.1
  • 60
    • 68949148801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management
    • Keane, R.E., P.F. Hessburg, P.B. Landres, and F.J. Swanson. 2009. The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management. For. Ecol. Manage. 258:1025-1037.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.258 , pp. 1025-1037
    • Keane, R.E.1    Hessburg, P.F.2    Landres, P.B.3    Swanson, F.J.4
  • 61
    • 0033509420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scales of heterogeneity in prairie and forest
    • Kleb, H.R., and S.D. Wilson. 1999. Scales of heterogeneity in prairie and forest. Can. J. Bot. 77(3):370-376.
    • (1999) Can. J. Bot , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 370-376
    • Kleb, H.R.1    Wilson, S.D.2
  • 62
    • 0030616834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in aspen forest and mixed-grass prairie
    • Köchy, M., and S.D. Wilson. 1997. Litter decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in aspen forest and mixed-grass prairie. Ecology 78(3):732-739.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 732-739
    • Köchy, M.1    Wilson, S.D.2
  • 63
    • 6344256861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Grand Mesa area, Colorado
    • Kulakowski, D., T.T. Veblen, and S. Drinkwater. 2004. The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Grand Mesa area, Colorado. Ecol. Appl. 14(5):1603-1614.
    • (2004) Ecol. Appl , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 1603-1614
    • Kulakowski, D.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Drinkwater, S.3
  • 64
    • 35448966650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A typology of stand structure and dynamics of quaking aspen in northwestern Colorado
    • Kurzel, B.P., T.T. Veblen, and D. Kulakowski. 2007. A typology of stand structure and dynamics of quaking aspen in northwestern Colorado. For. Ecol. Manage. 252:176-190.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.252 , pp. 176-190
    • Kurzel, B.P.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Kulakowski, D.3
  • 65
    • 45049087359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential snowpack accumulation and water dynamics in aspen and conifer communities: Implications for water yield and ecosystem function
    • Lamalfa, E.M., and R.J. Ryel. 2008. Differential snowpack accumulation and water dynamics in aspen and conifer communities: Implications for water yield and ecosystem function. Ecosystems 11(4):569-581.
    • (2008) Ecosystems , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-581
    • Lamalfa, E.M.1    Ryel, R.J.2
  • 66
    • 72549098581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance facilitates rapid range expansion of aspen into higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains under a warming climate
    • Landhäusser, S.L., D. Deshaies, and V.J. Lieffers. 2010. Disturbance facilitates rapid range expansion of aspen into higher elevations of the Rocky Mountains under a warming climate. J. Biogeogr. 37:68-76.
    • (2010) J. Biogeogr , vol.37 , pp. 68-76
    • Landhäusser, S.L.1    Deshaies, D.2    Lieffers, V.J.3
  • 67
    • 0032700229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems
    • Landres, P.B., P. Morgan, and F.J. Swanson. 1999. Overview of the use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecol. Appl. 9(4):1179-1188.
    • (1999) Ecol. Appl , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 1179-1188
    • Landres, P.B.1    Morgan, P.2    Swanson, F.J.3
  • 68
    • 0001473024 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and environmental patterns in the Crested Butte area, Gunnison County, Colorado
    • Langenheim, J.H. 1962. Vegetation and environmental patterns in the Crested Butte area, Gunnison County, Colorado. Ecol. Monogr. 32(3): 249-285.
    • (1962) Ecol. Monogr , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-285
    • Langenheim, J.H.1
  • 69
    • 0003810461 scopus 로고
    • Academic Press, Toronto, ON, Canada
    • Larsen, J.A. 1980. The boreal ecosystem. Academic Press, Toronto, ON, Canada. 500 p.
    • (1980) The Boreal Ecosystem , pp. 500
    • Larsen, J.A.1
  • 70
    • 78449263933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic adaptation of aspen populations to spring risk environments: A novel remote sensing approach
    • Li, H., X. Wang, and A. Hamann. 2010. Genetic adaptation of aspen populations to spring risk environments: A novel remote sensing approach. Can. J. For. Res. 40(11):2082.
    • (2010) Can. J. For. Res , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 2082
    • Li, H.1    Wang, X.2    Hamann, A.3
  • 71
    • 33845251087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successional processes in the Alaskan boreal forest
    • Chapin, F.S. III, M.W. Oswood, L.A. Viereck, and D.L. Verbyla (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK
    • Lloyd, A.H., M.E. Edwards, B.P. Finney, J.A. Lynch, V. Barver, and N.H. Bigelow. 2006. Successional processes in the Alaskan boreal forest. P. 62-80 in Alaska's changing boreal forest, Chapin, F.S. III, M.W. Oswood, L.A. Viereck, and D.L. Verbyla (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (2006) Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest , pp. 62-80
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Edwards, M.E.2    Finney, B.P.3    Lynch, J.A.4    Barver, V.5    Bigelow, N.H.6
  • 72
    • 34247103968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment in the face of a changing environment: Gypsy moth and climate change in Utah
    • Logan, J.A., J. Régniére, D.R. Gray, and S.A. Munson. 2007. Risk assessment in the face of a changing environment: Gypsy moth and climate change in Utah. Ecol. Appl. 17(1):101-117.
    • (2007) Ecol. Appl , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-117
    • Logan, J.A.1    Régniére, J.2    Gray, D.R.3    Munson, S.A.4
  • 73
    • 84870949037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing perspectives on regeneration ecology and genetic diversity in western quaking aspen: Implications for silviculture
    • Long, J.N., and K. Mock. 2012. Changing perspectives on regeneration ecology and genetic diversity in western quaking aspen: Implications for silviculture. Can. J. For. Res. 42:2011-2021.
    • (2012) Can. J. For. Res , vol.42 , pp. 2011-2021
    • Long, J.N.1    Mock, K.2
  • 74
    • 0022197981 scopus 로고
    • Will similar forests develop on similar sites?
    • McCune, B., and T.F.H. Allen. 1985. Will similar forests develop on similar sites? Can. J. Bot. 63:367-376.
    • (1985) Can. J. Bot , vol.63 , pp. 367-376
    • McCune, B.1    Allen, T.F.H.2
  • 75
    • 0004087730 scopus 로고
    • Ecological subregions of the United States: Section descriptions
    • WO-WSA-5, Washington, DC
    • McNab, H.W., and P.E. Avers. 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: Section descriptions. USDA For. Serv., WO-WSA-5, Washington, DC. 267 p.
    • (1994) USDA For. Serv , pp. 267
    • McNab, H.W.1    Avers, P.E.2
  • 76
    • 55849146352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal dynamics in western North American aspen (Populus tremuloides)
    • Mock, K.E., C.A. Rowe, M.B. Hooten, J. DeWoody, and V.D. Hipkins. 2008. Clonal dynamics in western North American aspen (Populus tremuloides). Mol. Ecol. 17:4827-4844.
    • (2008) Mol. Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 4827-4844
    • Mock, K.E.1    Rowe, C.A.2    Hooten, M.B.3    Dewoody, J.4    Hipkins, V.D.5
  • 77
    • 0001330845 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of Alberta: IV. The poplar association and related vegetation of Central Alberta
    • Moss, E.H. 1932. The vegetation of Alberta: IV. The poplar association and related vegetation of Central Alberta. J. Ecol. 20:380-415.
    • (1932) J. Ecol , vol.20 , pp. 380-415
    • Moss, E.H.1
  • 78
    • 0004195972 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation associations
    • DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO
    • Mueggler, W.F. 1985. Vegetation associations. P. 45-55 in Aspen: Ecology and management in the western United States, DeByle, N.V., and R.P. Winoker (eds.). USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-119, Fort Collins, CO.
    • (1985) Aspen: Ecology and Management In the Western United States , pp. 45-55
    • Mueggler, W.F.1
  • 79
    • 85086528741 scopus 로고
    • Aspen community types of the Intermountain Region
    • GTR-INT-250, Ogden, UT
    • Mueggler, W.F. 1988. Aspen community types of the Intermountain Region. USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-INT-250, Ogden, UT. 135 p.
    • (1988) USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep , pp. 135
    • Mueggler, W.F.1
  • 80
    • 0024897365 scopus 로고
    • Age distribution and reproduction of Intermoun-tain aspen stands
    • Mueggler, W.F. 1989. Age distribution and reproduction of Intermoun-tain aspen stands. West. J. Appl. For. 4(2):41-45.
    • (1989) West. J. Appl. For , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 41-45
    • Mueggler, W.F.1
  • 81
    • 84897511537 scopus 로고
    • Grindstone flat and big flat exclosures: A 41-year record of changes in clearcut aspen communities
    • Pap. INT-RP-195, Ogden, UT
    • Mueggler, W.F., and D.L. Bartos. 1977. Grindstone flat and big flat exclosures: A 41-year record of changes in clearcut aspen communities. USDA For. Serv., Res. Pap. INT-RP-195, Ogden, UT. 16 p.
    • (1977) USDA For. Serv., Res , pp. 16
    • Mueggler, W.F.1    Bartos, D.L.2
  • 82
    • 0000412537 scopus 로고
    • Alteration of North American streams by beaver
    • Naiman, R.J., C.A. Johnston, and J.C. Kelley. 1988. Alteration of North American streams by beaver. Bioscience 38:753-762.
    • (1988) Bioscience , vol.38 , pp. 753-762
    • Naiman, R.J.1    Johnston, C.A.2    Kelley, J.C.3
  • 83
    • 26944474477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal and spatial genetic structures of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)
    • Namroud, M.C., A. Park, F. Tremblay, and Y. Bergeron. 2005. Clonal and spatial genetic structures of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Mol. Ecol. 14:2969-2980.
    • (2005) Mol. Ecol , vol.14 , pp. 2969-2980
    • Namroud, M.C.1    Park, A.2    Tremblay, F.3    Bergeron, Y.4
  • 84
    • 84897514740 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration, development, and density management in aspen stands
    • Edmonton Alberta, Oct. 26-28. Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Navratil, S., and I.E. Bella. 1990. Regeneration, development, and density management in aspen stands. P. 19-37 in Management and utilization of Alberta's poplar: Proc. Poplar Council of Canada 10th annual meeting, Edmonton Alberta, Oct. 26-28. Forestry Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
    • (1990) Management and Utilization of Alberta's Poplar: Proc. Poplar Council of Canada 10th Annual Meeting , pp. 19-37
    • Navratil, S.1    Bella, I.E.2
  • 85
    • 79957682349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nest-site selection and nest survival of Lewis's woodpecker in aspen riparian woodlands
    • Newlon, K.R., and V.A. Saab. 2011. Nest-site selection and nest survival of Lewis's woodpecker in aspen riparian woodlands. Condor 113:183-193.
    • (2011) Condor , vol.113 , pp. 183-193
    • Newlon, K.R.1    Saab, V.A.2
  • 86
    • 0005671476 scopus 로고
    • The forests of the Cypress Hills, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada
    • Newsome, R.D., and R.L. Dix. 1968. The forests of the Cypress Hills, Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada. Am. Midl. Naturalist 80(1):118-185.
    • (1968) Am. Midl. Naturalist , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 118-185
    • Newsome, R.D.1    Dix, R.L.2
  • 87
    • 0036209734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does clonal integration improve competitive ability? A test using aspen (Populus tremuloides [Salicaceae]) invasion into prairie
    • Peltzer, D.A. 2002. Does clonal integration improve competitive ability? A test using aspen (Populus tremuloides [Salicaceae]) invasion into prairie. Am. J. Bot. 89(3):494-499.
    • (2002) Am. J. Bot , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 494-499
    • Peltzer, D.A.1
  • 88
    • 33750023657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hailstorm damage promotes aspen invasion into grassland
    • Peltzer, D.A., and S.D. Wilson. 2006. Hailstorm damage promotes aspen invasion into grassland. Can. J. Bot. 84(7):1142-1147.
    • (2006) Can. J. Bot , vol.84 , Issue.7 , pp. 1142-1147
    • Peltzer, D.A.1    Wilson, S.D.2
  • 89
    • 21744433062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction between masting and fire is key to white spruce regeneration
    • Peters, V.S., S.E. MacDonald, and M.R.T. Dale. 2005. The interaction between masting and fire is key to white spruce regeneration. Ecology 86:1744-1750.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1744-1750
    • Peters, V.S.1    Macdonald, S.E.2    Dale, M.R.T.3
  • 90
    • 0003500677 scopus 로고
    • Ecology, management, and use of aspen and balsam poplar in the Prairie Provinces, Canada
    • Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
    • Peterson, E.B., and N.M. Peterson. 1992. Ecology, management, and use of aspen and balsam poplar in the Prairie Provinces, Canada. Forestry Canada, Special Rep. 1, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. 252 p.
    • (1992) Forestry Canada, Special Rep. 1 , pp. 252
    • Peterson, E.B.1    Peterson, N.M.2
  • 91
    • 77957735528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine root dynamics of trembling aspen in boreal forest and aspen parkland in central Canada
    • Pinno, B.D., S.D. Wilson, D.F. Steinaker, K.C.J. Van Rees, and S.A. McDonald. 2010. Fine root dynamics of trembling aspen in boreal forest and aspen parkland in central Canada. Ann. For. Sci. 67(7):710.
    • (2010) Ann. For. Sci , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 710
    • Pinno, B.D.1    Wilson, S.D.2    Steinaker, D.F.3    van Rees, K.C.J.4    McDonald, S.A.5
  • 92
    • 0004208223 scopus 로고
    • Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa
    • Preston, R.J. 1976. North American trees. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa. 399 p.
    • (1976) North American Trees , pp. 399
    • Preston, R.J.1
  • 94
    • 0034771761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range
    • Ripple, W.J., E.J. Larsen, R.A. Renkin, and D.W. Smith. 2001. Trophic cascades among wolves, elk and aspen on Yellowstone National Park's northern range. Biol. Conserv. 102(3):227-234.
    • (2001) Biol. Conserv , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-234
    • Ripple, W.J.1    Larsen, E.J.2    Renkin, R.A.3    Smith, D.W.4
  • 95
    • 57349155096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eco-geophysical imaging of watershed-scale soil patterns links with plant community spatial patterns
    • Robinson, D.A., H. Abdu, S.B. Jones, M. Seyfried, I. Lebron, and R. Knight. 2008. Eco-geophysical imaging of watershed-scale soil patterns links with plant community spatial patterns. Vadose Zone J. 7(4):1132-1138.
    • (2008) Vadose Zone J , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 1132-1138
    • Robinson, D.A.1    Abdu, H.2    Jones, S.B.3    Seyfried, M.4    Lebron, I.5    Knight, R.6
  • 96
    • 0036161610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using forest health monitoring to assess aspen forest cover change in the Southern Rockies ecoregion
    • Rogers, P. 2002. Using forest health monitoring to assess aspen forest cover change in the Southern Rockies ecoregion. For. Ecol. Manage. 155(1-3):223-236.
    • (2002) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.155 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 223-236
    • Rogers, P.1
  • 97
    • 84878130682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical patterns in lichen communities of montane quaking aspen forests
    • Daniels, J.A. (ed.). Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY
    • Rogers, P.C., D.L. Bartos, and R.J. Ryel. 2011. Historical patterns in lichen communities of montane quaking aspen forests. P. 33-64 in Advances in Environmental Research, Vol. 15, Daniels, J.A. (ed.). Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, NY.
    • (2011) Advances In Environmental Research , vol.15 , pp. 33-64
    • Rogers, P.C.1    Bartos, D.L.2    Ryel, R.J.3
  • 98
    • 84878125454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience in quaking aspen: Recent advances and future needs
    • Rogers, P.C., C. Eisenberg, and S.B. St. Clair. 2013. Resilience in quaking aspen: Recent advances and future needs. For. Ecol. Manage. 299:1-5.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.299 , pp. 1-5
    • Rogers, P.C.1    Eisenberg, C.2    Clair, S.B.3
  • 99
    • 72649083277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape assessment of a stable aspen community in southern Utah, USA
    • Rogers, P.C., A.J. Leffler, and R.J. Ryel. 2010. Landscape assessment of a stable aspen community in southern Utah, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 259(3):487-495.
    • (2010) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.259 , Issue.3 , pp. 487-495
    • Rogers, P.C.1    Leffler, A.J.2    Ryel, R.J.3
  • 100
    • 54049106468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lichen community change in response to succession in aspen forests of the Rocky Mountains, USA
    • Rogers, P.C., and R.J. Ryel. 2008. Lichen community change in response to succession in aspen forests of the Rocky Mountains, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 256:1760-1770.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.256 , pp. 1760-1770
    • Rogers, P.C.1    Ryel, R.J.2
  • 101
    • 36849011500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspen in the Sierra Nevada: Regional conservation of a continental species
    • Rogers, P.C., W.D. Shepperd, and D.L. Bartos. 2007. Aspen in the Sierra Nevada: Regional conservation of a continental species. Natural Areas J. 27(2):183-193.
    • (2007) Natural Areas J , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-193
    • Rogers, P.C.1    Shepperd, W.D.2    Bartos, D.L.3
  • 102
    • 0345104831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspen's ecological role in the West
    • June 13-15, 2000. USDA For. Serv., Proc. RMRS-P-18, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Grand Junction, CO
    • Romme, W.H., L. Floyd-Hanna, D.D. Hanna, and E. Bartlett. 2001. Aspen's ecological role in the West. P. 243-259 in Sustaining aspen in western landscapes: Symposium proceedings, June 13-15, 2000. USDA For. Serv., Proc. RMRS-P-18, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Grand Junction, CO.
    • (2001) Sustaining Aspen In Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings , pp. 243-259
    • Romme, W.H.1    Floyd-Hanna, L.2    Hanna, D.D.3    Bartlett, E.4
  • 103
    • 0030620304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rare episode of sexual reproduction in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) following the 1988 Yellowstone fires
    • Romme, W.H., M.G. Turner, R.H. Gardner, W.W. Hargrove, G.A. Tuskan, D.G. Despain, and R.A. Renkin. 1997. A rare episode of sexual reproduction in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) following the 1988 Yellowstone fires. Natural Areas J. 17(1):17-25.
    • (1997) Natural Areas J , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-25
    • Romme, W.H.1    Turner, M.G.2    Gardner, R.H.3    Hargrove, W.W.4    Tuskan, G.A.5    Despain, D.G.6    Renkin, R.A.7
  • 104
    • 0003032181 scopus 로고
    • Forest regions of Canada
    • Publ. No. 1300, Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • Rowe, J.S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Canadian Forestry Service, Dept. of Environ., Publ. No. 1300, Ottawa, ON, Canada. 172 p.
    • (1972) Canadian Forestry Service, Dept. of Environ , pp. 172
    • Rowe, J.S.1
  • 105
    • 84893539451 scopus 로고
    • The stability of aspen as a type
    • Sampson, A.W. 1916. The stability of aspen as a type. Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters 1(11):86-87.
    • (1916) Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. 86-87
    • Sampson, A.W.1
  • 106
    • 38949191624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from spatial variability: Aspen persistence in the Centennial Valley, Montana
    • Sankey, T.T. 2008. Learning from spatial variability: Aspen persistence in the Centennial Valley, Montana. For. Ecol. Manage. 255:1219-1225.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.255 , pp. 1219-1225
    • Sankey, T.T.1
  • 108
    • 0034484745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant functional types-A strategic perspective
    • Semenova, G.V., and E. van der Maarel. 2000. Plant functional types-A strategic perspective. J. Veg. Sci. 11:917-922.
    • (2000) J. Veg. Sci , vol.11 , pp. 917-922
    • Semenova, G.V.1    van der Maarel, E.2
  • 109
    • 0025664120 scopus 로고
    • A classification of quaking aspen in the central Rocky Mountains based on growth and stand characteristics
    • Shepperd, W.D. 1990. A classification of quaking aspen in the central Rocky Mountains based on growth and stand characteristics. West. J. Appl. For. 5:69-75.
    • (1990) West. J. Appl. For , vol.5 , pp. 69-75
    • Shepperd, W.D.1
  • 110
    • 34247368913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology, biodiversity, management, and restoration of aspen in the Sierra Nevada
    • RMRS-GTR-178, Fort Collins, CO
    • Shepperd, W.D., P.C. Rogers, D. Burton, and D. Bartos. 2006. Ecology, biodiversity, management, and restoration of aspen in the Sierra Nevada. USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-178, Fort Collins, CO. 122 p.
    • (2006) USDA For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rep , pp. 122
    • Shepperd, W.D.1    Rogers, P.C.2    Burton, D.3    Bartos, D.4
  • 112
    • 20744436551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year change in aspen dominance in pure aspen and mixed aspen/conifer stands on the Uncom-pahgre Plateau, Colorado, USA
    • Smith, A.E., and F.W. Smith. 2005. Twenty-year change in aspen dominance in pure aspen and mixed aspen/conifer stands on the Uncom-pahgre Plateau, Colorado, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 213:338-348.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.213 , pp. 338-348
    • Smith, A.E.1    Smith, F.W.2
  • 113
    • 80051964667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beavers of Yellowstone
    • Smith, D.W., and D.B. Tyers. 2008. The beavers of Yellowstone. Yellowstone Sci. 16(3):4-15.
    • (2008) Yellowstone Sci , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 4-15
    • Smith, D.W.1    Tyers, D.B.2
  • 115
    • 62149084153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying successional rates in western aspen woodlands: Current conditions, future predictions
    • Strand, E.K., L.A. Vierling, S.C. Bunting, and P.R. Gessler. 2009. Quantifying successional rates in western aspen woodlands: Current conditions, future predictions. For. Ecol. Manage. 257:1705-1715.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.257 , pp. 1705-1715
    • Strand, E.K.1    Vierling, L.A.2    Bunting, S.C.3    Gessler, P.R.4
  • 116
    • 77952740924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduced ungulate herbivore alters soil processes after fire
    • Stritar, M.L., J.A. Schweitzer, S.C. Hart, and J.K. Bailey. 2010. Introduced ungulate herbivore alters soil processes after fire. Biol. Invas. 12:313-324.
    • (2010) Biol. Invas , vol.12 , pp. 313-324
    • Stritar, M.L.1    Schweitzer, J.A.2    Hart, S.C.3    Bailey, J.K.4
  • 117
    • 77953955155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of plant functional types
    • Ustin, S.L., and J.A. Gamon. 2010. Remote sensing of plant functional types. New Phytologist 186:795-816.
    • (2010) New Phytologist , vol.186 , pp. 795-816
    • Ustin, S.L.1    Gamon, J.A.2
  • 118
    • 45749142165 scopus 로고
    • Some factors affecting the results of direct-seeding Ponderosa Pine in the Black Hills
    • Note RN-33, Fort Collins, CO
    • Wagar, J.A., and C.A. Myers. 1958. Some factors affecting the results of direct-seeding Ponderosa Pine in the Black Hills. USDA For. Serv., Res. Note RN-33, Fort Collins, CO. 6 p.
    • (1958) USDA For. Serv., Res , pp. 6
    • Wagar, J.A.1    Myers, C.A.2
  • 119
    • 0003404631 scopus 로고
    • Spezielle Ökologie der Gemäßigten und Arktischen Zonen Außerhalb Euro-Nordasiens
    • Walter, H., and S.W. Breckle. 1991. Spezielle Ökologie der Gemäßigten und Arktischen Zonen Außerhalb Euro-Nordasiens. Fischer, Stuttgart. 586 p.
    • (1991) Fischer, Stuttgart , pp. 586
    • Walter, H.1    Breckle, S.W.2
  • 121
    • 0031856880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of escaped settlement fires and logging on forest composition in the mixedwood boreal forest
    • Weir, J.M.H., and E.A. Johnson. 1998. Effects of escaped settlement fires and logging on forest composition in the mixedwood boreal forest. Can. J. For. Res. 28:459-467.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res , vol.28 , pp. 459-467
    • Weir, J.M.H.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 122
    • 85077348628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spring frost and decay fungi are implicated in suppressing aspen re-growth following cleaning in juvenile stands
    • Wolken, J.M., V.J. Lieffers, S.M. Landhäusser, and T. Mulak. 2009. Spring frost and decay fungi are implicated in suppressing aspen re-growth following cleaning in juvenile stands. Ann. For. Sci. 66(805):1-8.
    • (2009) Ann. For. Sci , vol.66 , Issue.805 , pp. 1-8
    • Wolken, J.M.1    Lieffers, V.J.2    Landhäusser, S.M.3    Mulak, T.4
  • 124
    • 34249935124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and silviculture of natural stands of Populus species
    • D.I., J.G. Isebrands, J.E. Eckenwalder, and J. Richardson (eds.). NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
    • Zasada, J.C., A.J. David, D.W. Gilmore, and S.M. Landhäusser. 2001. Ecology and silviculture of natural stands of Populus species. P. 119-151 in Popular culture in North America, Dickmann, D.I., J.G. Isebrands, J.E. Eckenwalder, and J. Richardson (eds.). NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
    • (2001) Popular Culture In North America, Dickmann , pp. 119-151
    • Zasada, J.C.1    David, A.J.2    Gilmore, D.W.3    Landhäusser, S.M.4
  • 125
    • 84870910459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspen ecology in Rocky Mountain National Park: Age distribution, genetics, and the effects of elk her-bivory
    • Open File Rep. 2008-1337, Reston, VA
    • Zeigenfuss, L.C., D. Binkley, G.A. Tuskan, W.H. Romme, T. Yin, S. DiFazio, and F.J. Singer. 2008. Aspen ecology in Rocky Mountain National Park: Age distribution, genetics, and the effects of elk her-bivory. US Dept. of Interior, Geol. Surv., Open File Rep. 2008-1337, Reston, VA.
    • (2008) US Dept. of Interior, Geol. Surv
    • Zeigenfuss, L.C.1    Binkley, D.2    Tuskan, G.A.3    Romme, W.H.4    Yin, T.5    Difazio, S.6    Singer, F.J.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.