메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 258, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1025-1037

The use of historical range and variability (HRV) in landscape management

Author keywords

Climate change; Ecosystem management; Historical ecology; Land management; Landscape ecology

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE WARMING; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; EXOTIC SPECIES; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; LAND DEVELOPMENT; LAND MANAGEMENT; LAND MANAGEMENTS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT; LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT;

EID: 68949148801     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.035     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (289)

References (128)
  • 2
    • 0002544842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of historical range of variability concepts to biodiversity conservation
    • Baydack R.K., Campa H., and Haufler J.B. (Eds), Island Press, NY, New York
    • Aplet G., and Keeton W.S. Application of historical range of variability concepts to biodiversity conservation. In: Baydack R.K., Campa H., and Haufler J.B. (Eds). Practical Approaches to the Conservation of Biological Diversity. (1999), Island Press, NY, New York 71-86
    • (1999) Practical Approaches to the Conservation of Biological Diversity. , pp. 71-86
    • Aplet, G.1    Keeton, W.S.2
  • 3
    • 68949143509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aplet, G., Thomson, J., Wilbert, M., 2000. Indicators of wildness: using attributes of the land to assess the context of wilderness. In: McCool, S.F., Cole, D.N., Borrie, W.T., O'Loughlin, J. (Eds.), Wilderness Science in a Time of Change. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, RMRS-P-15-2, Missoula, MT, pp. 89-98.
    • Aplet, G., Thomson, J., Wilbert, M., 2000. Indicators of wildness: using attributes of the land to assess the context of wilderness. In: McCool, S.F., Cole, D.N., Borrie, W.T., O'Loughlin, J. (Eds.), Wilderness Science in a Time of Change. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, RMRS-P-15-VOL-2, Missoula, MT, pp. 89-98.
  • 5
    • 0022173226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arno, S.F., 1985. Ecological effects and management implications of Indian fires. In: Lotan, J.E., Kilgore, B.M. Fischer, W.C., Mutch, R.W. (tech. coordinators) (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-182, pp. 81-89.
    • Arno, S.F., 1985. Ecological effects and management implications of Indian fires. In: Lotan, J.E., Kilgore, B.M. Fischer, W.C., Mutch, R.W. (tech. coordinators) (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-182, pp. 81-89.
  • 7
    • 0034991588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change effects on vegetation distribution and carbon budget in the United States
    • Bachelet D., Neilson R.P., Lenihan J.M., and Drapek R.J. Climate change effects on vegetation distribution and carbon budget in the United States. Ecosystems 4 (2001) 164-185
    • (2001) Ecosystems , vol.4 , pp. 164-185
    • Bachelet, D.1    Neilson, R.P.2    Lenihan, J.M.3    Drapek, R.J.4
  • 8
    • 0000099505 scopus 로고
    • A review of models of landscape change
    • Baker W.L. A review of models of landscape change. Landscape Ecology 2 (1989) 111-133
    • (1989) Landscape Ecology , vol.2 , pp. 111-133
    • Baker, W.L.1
  • 9
    • 0034841624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States
    • Baker W.L., and Ehle D. Uncertainty in surface-fire history: the case of ponderosa pine forests in the western United States. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31 (2001) 1205-1226
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.31 , pp. 1205-1226
    • Baker, W.L.1    Ehle, D.2
  • 10
    • 0020459034 scopus 로고
    • Indian fires as an ecological influence in the northern Rockies
    • Barrett S.W., and Arno S.F. Indian fires as an ecological influence in the northern Rockies. Journal of Forestry (1982) 647-651
    • (1982) Journal of Forestry , pp. 647-651
    • Barrett, S.W.1    Arno, S.F.2
  • 11
    • 68949149479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing ecological departure from reference conditions with the Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) mapping tool
    • Andrews P.L., and Butler B.W. (Eds), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Portland, OR, USA
    • Barrett S.W., DeMeo T., Jones J.L., Zeiler J.D., and Hutter L.C. Assessing ecological departure from reference conditions with the Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) mapping tool. In: Andrews P.L., and Butler B.W. (Eds). Fuels Management - How to Measure Success (2006), USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Portland, OR, USA 575-585
    • (2006) Fuels Management - How to Measure Success , pp. 575-585
    • Barrett, S.W.1    DeMeo, T.2    Jones, J.L.3    Zeiler, J.D.4    Hutter, L.C.5
  • 12
    • 38349181841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a spatially explicit ecological model to test scenarios of fire use by Native Americans: an example from the Harlem Plains, New York, NY
    • Bean W.T., and Sanderson E.W. Using a spatially explicit ecological model to test scenarios of fire use by Native Americans: an example from the Harlem Plains, New York, NY. Ecological Modelling 211 (2008) 301-308
    • (2008) Ecological Modelling , vol.211 , pp. 301-308
    • Bean, W.T.1    Sanderson, E.W.2
  • 16
    • 0007543313 scopus 로고
    • An overview of ecological principles for ecosystem management
    • Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon
    • Bourgeron P.S., and Jensen M.E. An overview of ecological principles for ecosystem management. In: Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds). Ecosystem Management: Principles and Applications (1994), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon 45-57
    • (1994) Ecosystem Management: Principles and Applications , pp. 45-57
    • Bourgeron, P.S.1    Jensen, M.E.2
  • 17
    • 32344446473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early settlement forest structure in Black Hills ponderosa pine forests
    • Brown P.M., and Cook B. Early settlement forest structure in Black Hills ponderosa pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 223 (2006) 284-290
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.223 , pp. 284-290
    • Brown, P.M.1    Cook, B.2
  • 20
    • 0002422614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem management: managing natural resources in time and space
    • Kohm K.A., and Franklin J.F. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, DC, USA
    • Crow T.R., and Gustafson E.J. Ecosystem management: managing natural resources in time and space. In: Kohm K.A., and Franklin J.F. (Eds). Creating Forestry for the 21st Century (1997), Island Press, Washington, DC, USA 215-229
    • (1997) Creating Forestry for the 21st Century , pp. 215-229
    • Crow, T.R.1    Gustafson, E.J.2
  • 21
    • 67649326168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate landscape trajectory analysis: an example using simulation modeling of American Marten habitat change under four timber harvest scenarios
    • Bissonette J.A., and Storch I. (Eds), Springer, US
    • Cushman S.A., and McGarigal K. Multivariate landscape trajectory analysis: an example using simulation modeling of American Marten habitat change under four timber harvest scenarios. In: Bissonette J.A., and Storch I. (Eds). Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology Wildlife Responses to Variable Resources (2007), Springer, US 119-140
    • (2007) Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology Wildlife Responses to Variable Resources , pp. 119-140
    • Cushman, S.A.1    McGarigal, K.2
  • 22
    • 21744440459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary responses to changing climates
    • Davis M.B., Shaw R.G., and Etterson J.R. Evolutionary responses to changing climates. Ecology 86 (2005) 1704-1714
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1704-1714
    • Davis, M.B.1    Shaw, R.G.2    Etterson, J.R.3
  • 25
    • 0003459572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egan D., and Howell E.A. (Eds), Island Press, Washington, DC, USA
    • In: Egan D., and Howell E.A. (Eds). The Historical Ecology Handbook (2001), Island Press, Washington, DC, USA
    • (2001) The Historical Ecology Handbook
  • 27
    • 0030451431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and conservation insights from reconstructive studies of temperate old-growth forests
    • Foster D.R., Orwig D.A., and McLachlan J.S. Ecological and conservation insights from reconstructive studies of temperate old-growth forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 (1996) 419-425
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 419-425
    • Foster, D.R.1    Orwig, D.A.2    McLachlan, J.S.3
  • 28
    • 15944395600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional legacies of logging: departure from presettlement forest conditions in northern Minnesota
    • Friedman S.K., and Reich P.B. Regional legacies of logging: departure from presettlement forest conditions in northern Minnesota. Ecological Applications 15 (2005) 726-744
    • (2005) Ecological Applications , vol.15 , pp. 726-744
    • Friedman, S.K.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 29
    • 0002714959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presettlement fire frequency regimes of the United States: a first approximation
    • Frost C.C. Presettlement fire frequency regimes of the United States: a first approximation. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 20 (1998) 70-81
    • (1998) Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference , vol.20 , pp. 70-81
    • Frost, C.C.1
  • 30
    • 0030613978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests
    • Fule P.Z., Covington W.W., and Moore M.M. Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Ecological Applications 7 (1997) 895-908
    • (1997) Ecological Applications , vol.7 , pp. 895-908
    • Fule, P.Z.1    Covington, W.W.2    Moore, M.M.3
  • 31
    • 57849140478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of scale-dependent processes on predicting patterns of forest fires
    • Walker B.H., and Steffen W.L. (Eds), Cambridge, UK
    • Gardner R.H.R., William H., and Turner Monica G. Effects of scale-dependent processes on predicting patterns of forest fires. In: Walker B.H., and Steffen W.L. (Eds). Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (1997), Cambridge, UK 111-134
    • (1997) Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems , pp. 111-134
    • Gardner, R.H.R.1    William, H.2    Turner Monica, G.3
  • 32
    • 0000862756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting forest fire effects at landscape scales
    • Mladenoff D.J., and Baker W.L. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • Gardner R.H., William H., Romme, and Turner M.G. Predicting forest fire effects at landscape scales. In: Mladenoff D.J., and Baker W.L. (Eds). Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom 163-185
    • (1999) Spatial Modeling of Forest Landscape Change: Approaches and Applications , pp. 163-185
    • Gardner, R.H.1    William, H.2    Romme3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 34
    • 68949094469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gruell, G.E., 1985. Indian fires in the interior west: a widespread influence. In: Lotan, J.E., Kilgore, B.M., Fischer, W.C. (Coordinators), R.W.M.t. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire. USDA Forest Service, pp. 62-74.
    • Gruell, G.E., 1985. Indian fires in the interior west: a widespread influence. In: Lotan, J.E., Kilgore, B.M., Fischer, W.C. (Coordinators), R.W.M.t. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire. USDA Forest Service, pp. 62-74.
  • 36
    • 33846350259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in biotic interactions and climate determine recruitment of Jeffrey pine along an elevation gradient
    • Gworek J.R., Vander Wall S.B., and Brussard P.F. Changes in biotic interactions and climate determine recruitment of Jeffrey pine along an elevation gradient. Forest Ecology and Management 239 (2007) 57-68
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.239 , pp. 57-68
    • Gworek, J.R.1    Vander Wall, S.B.2    Brussard, P.F.3
  • 37
    • 0028160062 scopus 로고
    • Using General Land Office records to assess forest succession in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests in western Montana
    • Habeck J.R. Using General Land Office records to assess forest succession in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests in western Montana. Northwest Science 68 (1994) 69-78
    • (1994) Northwest Science , vol.68 , pp. 69-78
    • Habeck, J.R.1
  • 38
    • 34247337453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping fire regime condition class: a method for watershed and project scale analysis
    • Engstrom R.T., Galley K.E.M., and De Groot W.J. (Eds), Tall Timbers Research Station
    • Hann W.J. Mapping fire regime condition class: a method for watershed and project scale analysis. In: Engstrom R.T., Galley K.E.M., and De Groot W.J. (Eds). 22nd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal, and Montane Ecosystems (2004), Tall Timbers Research Station 22-44
    • (2004) 22nd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Temperate, Boreal, and Montane Ecosystems , pp. 22-44
    • Hann, W.J.1
  • 39
    • 0035624438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and land management planning and implementation across multiple scales
    • Hann W.J., and Bunnell D.L. Fire and land management planning and implementation across multiple scales. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10 (2001) 389-403
    • (2001) International Journal of Wildland Fire , vol.10 , pp. 389-403
    • Hann, W.J.1    Bunnell, D.L.2
  • 40
    • 68949116719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hann, W.J., Jones, J., Karl, MG, Hessburg PF, Keane, RE, Long, DG, Menakis, JP, McNicoll, C, Leonard, SG, Gravenmier, RA Smith, B.G., 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins II-Landscape dynamics of the Basin. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station General Technical Report PNW-GTR-405. p. 1055.
    • Hann, W.J., Jones, J., Karl, MG, Hessburg PF, Keane, RE, Long, DG, Menakis, JP, McNicoll, C, Leonard, SG, Gravenmier, RA Smith, B.G., 1997. An assessment of ecosystem components in the Interior Columbia Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins Vol. II-Landscape dynamics of the Basin. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station General Technical Report PNW-GTR-405. p. 1055.
  • 41
    • 0033593844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical stand reconstruction in ponderosa pine forests to guide silvicultural prescriptions
    • Harrod R.J., McRae B.H., and Hartl W.e. Historical stand reconstruction in ponderosa pine forests to guide silvicultural prescriptions. Forest Ecology and Management 114 (1999) 433-446
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.114 , pp. 433-446
    • Harrod, R.J.1    McRae, B.H.2    Hartl, W.e.3
  • 42
    • 0035500978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in terrestrial plant communities and landscape health indicate the effects of alternative management strategies in the interior Columbia River basin
    • Hemstrom M.A., Korol J.J., and Hann W.J. Trends in terrestrial plant communities and landscape health indicate the effects of alternative management strategies in the interior Columbia River basin. Forest Ecology and Management 153 1-3 (2001) 105-126
    • (2001) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.153 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 105-126
    • Hemstrom, M.A.1    Korol, J.J.2    Hann, W.J.3
  • 43
    • 33947716074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated analysis of landscape management scenarios using state and transition models in the upper Grande Ronde River Subbasin, Oregon, USA
    • Hemstrom, M.A., Merzenich, J., et al., 2007. Integrated analysis of landscape management scenarios using state and transition models in the upper Grande Ronde River Subbasin, Oregon, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning 80 (3), 198-211.
    • (2007) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-211
    • Hemstrom, M.A.1    Merzenich, J.2
  • 44
    • 34247389880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for detecting ecologically significant change in forest spatial patterns
    • Hessburg P.F., Smith B.G., and Salter R.B. A method for detecting ecologically significant change in forest spatial patterns. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1252-1272
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1252-1272
    • Hessburg, P.F.1    Smith, B.G.2    Salter, R.B.3
  • 45
    • 0032742280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting change in forest spatial patterns from reference conditions
    • Hessburg P.F., Smith B.G., and Salter R.B. Detecting change in forest spatial patterns from reference conditions. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1232-1252
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1232-1252
    • Hessburg, P.F.1    Smith, B.G.2    Salter, R.B.3
  • 48
    • 0035108929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial controls of historical fire regimes: a multiscale example from the Interior West, USA
    • Heyerdahl E.K., Brubaker L.B., and Agee J.K. Spatial controls of historical fire regimes: a multiscale example from the Interior West, USA. Ecology 82 (2001) 660-678
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 660-678
    • Heyerdahl, E.K.1    Brubaker, L.B.2    Agee, J.K.3
  • 49
    • 0027101174 scopus 로고
    • Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems
    • Holling C.S. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs 62 (1992) 447-502
    • (1992) Ecological Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 447-502
    • Holling, C.S.1
  • 51
    • 38349129454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending nonlinear analysis to short ecological time series
    • Hsieh Ch., Anderson C., and Sugihara G. Extending nonlinear analysis to short ecological time series. The American Naturalist 171 (2008) 71-80
    • (2008) The American Naturalist , vol.171 , pp. 71-80
    • Hsieh, Ch.1    Anderson, C.2    Sugihara, G.3
  • 52
    • 68949143507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem structure and function modeling
    • Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Humphries H.C., and Baron J. Ecosystem structure and function modeling. In: Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds). A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments (2001), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA 257-273
    • (2001) A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments , pp. 257-273
    • Humphries, H.C.1    Baron, J.2
  • 53
    • 0012297649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for determining historical range of variability
    • Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Humphries H.C., and Bourgeron P.S. Methods for determining historical range of variability. In: Jensen M.E., and Bourgeron P.S. (Eds). A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments (2001), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA 273-291
    • (2001) A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments , pp. 273-291
    • Humphries, H.C.1    Bourgeron, P.S.2
  • 54
    • 34548528356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploiting temporal variability to understand tree recruitment response to climate change
    • Ibanez I., Clark J.S., LaDeau S., and Lambers J.H.R. Exploiting temporal variability to understand tree recruitment response to climate change. Ecological Monographs 77 (2007) 163-177
    • (2007) Ecological Monographs , vol.77 , pp. 163-177
    • Ibanez, I.1    Clark, J.S.2    LaDeau, S.3    Lambers, J.H.R.4
  • 55
  • 56
    • 0038613595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating community stability and ecological interactions from time series data
    • Ives A.R., Dennis B., Cottingham K.L., and Carpenter S.R. Estimating community stability and ecological interactions from time series data. Ecological Monographs 73 (2003) 301-330
    • (2003) Ecological Monographs , vol.73 , pp. 301-330
    • Ives, A.R.1    Dennis, B.2    Cottingham, K.L.3    Carpenter, S.R.4
  • 57
    • 34547229226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining landscape extent for succession and disturbance simluation modeling
    • Karau E.C., and Keane R.E. Determining landscape extent for succession and disturbance simluation modeling. Landscape Ecology 22 (2007) 993-1006
    • (2007) Landscape Ecology , vol.22 , pp. 993-1006
    • Karau, E.C.1    Keane, R.E.2
  • 58
    • 85041142498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaufmann, M.R., Graham, R.T., Boyce, D.A.J., Moir, W.H., Perry, L., Reynolds, R.T., Bassett, R.L., Mehlhop, P., Edminster, C.B., Block, W.M., Corn, P.S., 1994. An ecological basis for ecosystem management. In. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, p. 22.
    • Kaufmann, M.R., Graham, R.T., Boyce, D.A.J., Moir, W.H., Perry, L., Reynolds, R.T., Bassett, R.L., Mehlhop, P., Edminster, C.B., Block, W.M., Corn, P.S., 1994. An ecological basis for ecosystem management. In. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, p. 22.
  • 59
    • 0000880571 scopus 로고
    • Aboriginal overkill and native burning: implications for modern ecosystem management
    • Kay C.E. Aboriginal overkill and native burning: implications for modern ecosystem management. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 10 (1995) 121-126
    • (1995) Western Journal of Applied Forestry , vol.10 , pp. 121-126
    • Kay, C.E.1
  • 60
    • 68949112494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are lightning fires unnatural? A comparison of aboriginal and lightning ignition rates in the United States
    • Masters, R.E, Galley, K.E.M, Eds, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, pp
    • Kay, C.E., 2007. Are lightning fires unnatural? A comparison of aboriginal and lightning ignition rates in the United States. In: Masters, R.E., Galley, K.E.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, pp. 16-28.
    • (2007) Proceedings of the 23rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Fire in Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystems , pp. 16-28
    • Kay, C.E.1
  • 61
    • 2642574874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The simulation of landscape fire, climate, and ecosystem dynamics
    • Veblen T.T., Baker W.L., Montenegro G., and Swetnam T.W. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA
    • Keane R.E., and Finney M.A. The simulation of landscape fire, climate, and ecosystem dynamics. In: Veblen T.T., Baker W.L., Montenegro G., and Swetnam T.W. (Eds). Fire and Global Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas (2003), Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA 32-68
    • (2003) Fire and Global Change in Temperate Ecosystems of the Western Americas , pp. 32-68
    • Keane, R.E.1    Finney, M.A.2
  • 62
    • 0032797485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal pattern of ecosystem processes on simulated landscapes of Glacier National Park, USA
    • Keane R.E., Morgan P., and White J. Temporal pattern of ecosystem processes on simulated landscapes of Glacier National Park, USA. Landscape Ecology 14 (1999) 311-329
    • (1999) Landscape Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 311-329
    • Keane, R.E.1    Morgan, P.2    White, J.3
  • 64
    • 34547144083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range and variation in landscape patch dynamics: Implications for ecosystem management
    • USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Kalispell, MT, USA, pp
    • Keane, R.E., Garner, J., Teske, C., Stewart, C., Paul, H., 2002a. Range and variation in landscape patch dynamics: implications for ecosystem management. In, Proceedings from the 1999 National Silviculture Workshop. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Kalispell, MT, USA, pp. 19-26.
    • (2002) Proceedings from the 1999 National Silviculture Workshop , pp. 19-26
    • Keane, R.E.1    Garner, J.2    Teske, C.3    Stewart, C.4    Paul, H.5
  • 65
    • 0037093909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: Limitations of the simulation approach
    • Keane R.E., Parsons R., and Hessburg P. Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: Limitations of the simulation approach. Ecological Modelling 151 (2002) 29-49
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.151 , pp. 29-49
    • Keane, R.E.1    Parsons, R.2    Hessburg, P.3
  • 67
    • 33744804843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of managing fire-dependent ecosystems in wilderness: relict ponderosa pine in the Bob Marshall Wilderness
    • Keane R.E., Arno S.F., and Dickinson L.J. The complexity of managing fire-dependent ecosystems in wilderness: relict ponderosa pine in the Bob Marshall Wilderness. Ecological Restoration 24 (2006) 71-78
    • (2006) Ecological Restoration , vol.24 , pp. 71-78
    • Keane, R.E.1    Arno, S.F.2    Dickinson, L.J.3
  • 68
    • 68949135955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Keane, R.E, Holsinger, L, Pratt, S, 2006b. Simulating historical landscape dynamics using the landscape fire succession model LANDSUM version 4.0. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, p. 73
    • Keane, R.E., Holsinger, L., Pratt, S., 2006b. Simulating historical landscape dynamics using the landscape fire succession model LANDSUM version 4.0. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, p. 73.
  • 69
    • 34247540407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using simulated historical time series to prioritize fuel treatments on landscapes across the United States: the LANDFIRE prototype project
    • Keane R.E., Rollins M.G., and Zhu Z. Using simulated historical time series to prioritize fuel treatments on landscapes across the United States: the LANDFIRE prototype project. Ecological Modelling 204 (2007) 485-502
    • (2007) Ecological Modelling , vol.204 , pp. 485-502
    • Keane, R.E.1    Rollins, M.G.2    Zhu, Z.3
  • 70
    • 38349109288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change effects on historical range of variability of two large landscapes in western Montana, USA
    • Keane R.E., Holsinger L., Parsons R., and Gray K. Climate change effects on historical range of variability of two large landscapes in western Montana, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 254 (2008) 274-289
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.254 , pp. 274-289
    • Keane, R.E.1    Holsinger, L.2    Parsons, R.3    Gray, K.4
  • 71
    • 33846325063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingent Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on multicentury wildfire synchrony over western North America
    • Kitzberger T., Brown P.M., Heyerdahl E.K., Swetnam T.W., and Veblen T.T. Contingent Pacific-Atlantic Ocean influence on multicentury wildfire synchrony over western North America. PNAS 104 (2007) 543-548
    • (2007) PNAS , vol.104 , pp. 543-548
    • Kitzberger, T.1    Brown, P.M.2    Heyerdahl, E.K.3    Swetnam, T.W.4    Veblen, T.T.5
  • 72
    • 33845549526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species
    • Lambrecht S.C., Loik M.E., Inouye D.W., and Harte J. Reproductive and physiological responses to simulated climate warming for four subalpine species. New Phytologist 173 (2007) 121-134
    • (2007) New Phytologist , vol.173 , pp. 121-134
    • Lambrecht, S.C.1    Loik, M.E.2    Inouye, D.W.3    Harte, J.4
  • 73
    • 0032700229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview and use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems
    • Landres P.B., Penelope M., and Swanson F.J. Overview and use of natural variability concepts in managing ecological systems. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1179-1188
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1179-1188
    • Landres, P.B.1    Penelope, M.2    Swanson, F.J.3
  • 75
    • 85048564885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
    • Logan J.A., and Powell J.A. Ghost forests, global warming, and the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). American Entomologist 47 (2001) 160-173
    • (2001) American Entomologist , vol.47 , pp. 160-173
    • Logan, J.A.1    Powell, J.A.2
  • 76
    • 85041150778 scopus 로고
    • FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. USDA Forest Service
    • PNW-GTR-351. p
    • McGarigal, K., Marks, B.J., 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. USDA Forest Service,General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351. p. 122.
    • (1995) General Technical Report , pp. 122
    • McGarigal, K.1    Marks, B.J.2
  • 78
    • 31544477432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merzenich, J., Frid, L., 2005. Projecting landscape conditions in southern Utah using VDDT. Systems Analysis in Forest Resources: In: Bevers, M., Barrett, T.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium. Stevenson, WA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, pp. 157-163.
    • Merzenich, J., Frid, L., 2005. Projecting landscape conditions in southern Utah using VDDT. Systems Analysis in Forest Resources: In: Bevers, M., Barrett, T.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium. Stevenson, WA, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, pp. 157-163.
  • 81
    • 6444240440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comments on historical variation and desired future conditions as tools for terrestrial landscape analysis
    • Sommarstrom, S, Ed, University of California at Davis, pp
    • Millar, C.I., 1997. Comments on historical variation and desired future conditions as tools for terrestrial landscape analysis. In: Sommarstrom, S. (Ed.), Sixth Biennial Watershed Management Conference. University of California at Davis, pp. 105-131.
    • (1997) Sixth Biennial Watershed Management Conference , pp. 105-131
    • Millar, C.I.1
  • 82
    • 0032742352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of climate change in interpreting historical variability
    • Millar C.I., and Woolfenden W.B. The role of climate change in interpreting historical variability. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1207-1216
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1207-1216
    • Millar, C.I.1    Woolfenden, W.B.2
  • 83
    • 39349090781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty
    • Millar C.I., Stephenson N.L., and Stephens S.L. Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications 17 (2007) 2145-2151
    • (2007) Ecological Applications , vol.17 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Millar, C.I.1    Stephenson, N.L.2    Stephens, S.L.3
  • 85
    • 0029472260 scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of late-quaternary paleoclimates in the western United States
    • Mock C.J., and Bartlein P.J. Spatial variability of late-quaternary paleoclimates in the western United States. Quaternary Research 44 (1995) 425-433
    • (1995) Quaternary Research , vol.44 , pp. 425-433
    • Mock, C.J.1    Bartlein, P.J.2
  • 86
    • 14644426019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using historical management records to characterize the effects of management on the structural diversity of forests
    • Montes F., Sanchez M., del Rio M., and Canellas I. Using historical management records to characterize the effects of management on the structural diversity of forests. Forest Ecology and Management 207 (2005) 279-293
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.207 , pp. 279-293
    • Montes, F.1    Sanchez, M.2    del Rio, M.3    Canellas, I.4
  • 90
    • 26044470701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical range of variability in landscape structure: a simulation study in Oregon, USA
    • Nonaka E., and Spies T.A. Historical range of variability in landscape structure: a simulation study in Oregon, USA. Ecological Applications 15 (2005) 1727-1746
    • (2005) Ecological Applications , vol.15 , pp. 1727-1746
    • Nonaka, E.1    Spies, T.A.2
  • 91
    • 33846435151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 as projected by a fully coupled model with dynamic vegetation
    • 2 as projected by a fully coupled model with dynamic vegetation. Journal of Climate 20 (2007) 70-88
    • (2007) Journal of Climate , vol.20 , pp. 70-88
    • Notaro, M.1    Vavrus, S.2    Liu, Z.3
  • 92
    • 3042713740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perera A.H., Buse L.J., and Weber M.G. (Eds), Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • In: Perera A.H., Buse L.J., and Weber M.G. (Eds). Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances: Concepts and Applications (2004), Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • (2004) Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances: Concepts and Applications
  • 93
    • 34547224930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling historical reference conditions for vegetation and fire regimes using simulation modeling
    • Rollins, M.G, Frame, C, Eds, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, pp
    • Pratt, S.D., Holsinger, L., Keane, R.E., 2006. Modeling historical reference conditions for vegetation and fire regimes using simulation modeling. In: Rollins, M.G., Frame, C. (Eds.), The LANDFIRE Prototype Project: Nationally Consistent and Locally Relevant Geospatial Data for Wildland Fire Management. USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA, pp. 277-314.
    • (2006) The LANDFIRE Prototype Project: Nationally Consistent and Locally Relevant Geospatial Data for Wildland Fire Management , pp. 277-314
    • Pratt, S.D.1    Holsinger, L.2    Keane, R.E.3
  • 95
    • 0031668510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of temporal variations in historical fire frequency from time-since-fire map data
    • Reed W.J., Larsen C.P.S., Johnson E.A., and MacDonald G.M. Estimation of temporal variations in historical fire frequency from time-since-fire map data. Forest Science 44 (1998) 465-475
    • (1998) Forest Science , vol.44 , pp. 465-475
    • Reed, W.J.1    Larsen, C.P.S.2    Johnson, E.A.3    MacDonald, G.M.4
  • 96
    • 0032764124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation
    • Rehfeldt G.E., Ying C.C., Spittlehouse D.L., and Hamilton D.A. Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation. Ecological Monographs 69 (1999) 375-407
    • (1999) Ecological Monographs , vol.69 , pp. 375-407
    • Rehfeldt, G.E.1    Ying, C.C.2    Spittlehouse, D.L.3    Hamilton, D.A.4
  • 97
    • 55549143613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States
    • Reinhardt E.D., Keane R.E., Caulkin D.E., and Cohen J.D. Objectives and considerations for wildland fuel treatment in forested ecosystems of the interior western United States. Forest Ecology and Management 256 (2008) 1997-2006
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.256 , pp. 1997-2006
    • Reinhardt, E.D.1    Keane, R.E.2    Caulkin, D.E.3    Cohen, J.D.4
  • 98
    • 14644426622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision support for integrated landscape evaluation and restoration planning
    • Reynolds K.M., and Hessburg P.F. Decision support for integrated landscape evaluation and restoration planning. Forest Ecology and Management 207 (2005) 263-278
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.207 , pp. 263-278
    • Reynolds, K.M.1    Hessburg, P.F.2
  • 99
    • 35548966746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable
    • Roe G.H., and Baker M.B. Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable. Science 318 (2007) 629-632
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 629-632
    • Roe, G.H.1    Baker, M.B.2
  • 100
    • 0021056826 scopus 로고
    • Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States
    • Russell E.W.B. Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology 64 (1983) 78-88
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 78-88
    • Russell, E.W.B.1
  • 102
    • 68949114772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schneider, S.H., Semenov, S., Patwardhan, A., Burton, I., Magadza, C.H.D., Oppenheimer, M., Pittock, A.B., Rahman, A., Smith, J.B., Suarez, A., Yamin, F., 2007. Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change. In: Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, P.J., van der Linden, P., Hanson, C.E. (Eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 779-810.
    • Schneider, S.H., Semenov, S., Patwardhan, A., Burton, I., Magadza, C.H.D., Oppenheimer, M., Pittock, A.B., Rahman, A., Smith, J.B., Suarez, A., Yamin, F., 2007. Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change. In: Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, P.J., van der Linden, P., Hanson, C.E. (Eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 779-810.
  • 103
    • 13944255959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe wind and fire regimes in northern forests: historical variability at the regional scale
    • Schulte L.A., and Mladenoff D.J. Severe wind and fire regimes in northern forests: historical variability at the regional scale. Ecology 86 (2005) 431-445
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 431-445
    • Schulte, L.A.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2
  • 104
    • 0002694270 scopus 로고
    • The devolpment of dynamic spatial models for landscape ecology: a review and prognosis
    • Turner M.G., and Gardner R.H. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Sklar F.H., and Costanza R. The devolpment of dynamic spatial models for landscape ecology: a review and prognosis. In: Turner M.G., and Gardner R.H. (Eds). Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology (1991), Springer-Verlag, New York 239-288
    • (1991) Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology , pp. 239-288
    • Sklar, F.H.1    Costanza, R.2
  • 105
    • 33846810139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoupling natural and anthropogenic fire regimes: a case study in Everglades National Park, Florida
    • Slocum M.G., Platt W.J., Beckage B., Panko B., and Lushine J.B. Decoupling natural and anthropogenic fire regimes: a case study in Everglades National Park, Florida. Natural Areas Journal 27 (2007) 41-55
    • (2007) Natural Areas Journal , vol.27 , pp. 41-55
    • Slocum, M.G.1    Platt, W.J.2    Beckage, B.3    Panko, B.4    Lushine, J.B.5
  • 107
    • 33947306414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology for assessing departure of current plant communities from historical conditions over large landscapes
    • Steele B.M., Reddy S.K., and Keane R.E. A methodology for assessing departure of current plant communities from historical conditions over large landscapes. Ecological Modelling 199 (2006) 53-63
    • (2006) Ecological Modelling , vol.199 , pp. 53-63
    • Steele, B.M.1    Reddy, S.K.2    Keane, R.E.3
  • 109
    • 68949083768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swanson, F.J., Jones, J.A., Wallin, D.O., Cissel, J.H., 1994. Natural variability - implications for ecosystem management. II: Ecosystem management principles and applications. In: Jensen, M.E., Bourgeron, P.S. (Eds.), Eastside Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, pp. 80-94.
    • Swanson, F.J., Jones, J.A., Wallin, D.O., Cissel, J.H., 1994. Natural variability - implications for ecosystem management. vol. II: Ecosystem management principles and applications. In: Jensen, M.E., Bourgeron, P.S. (Eds.), Eastside Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, pp. 80-94.
  • 110
    • 0002430812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns, disturbance, and management in the Pacific Northwest, USA
    • Zonnneveld, I.S, Forman, R.T.T, Eds, Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA, pp
    • Swanson, F.J., Franklin, J.F., Sedell, J.R., 1997. Landscape patterns, disturbance, and management in the Pacific Northwest, USA. In: Zonnneveld, I.S., Forman, R.T.T. (Eds.), Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA, pp. 191-213.
    • (1997) Changing Landscapes: An Ecological Perspective , pp. 191-213
    • Swanson, F.J.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Sedell, J.R.3
  • 111
    • 0032700230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage for the future
    • Swetnam T.W., Allen C.D., and Betancourt J.L. Applied historical ecology: using the past to manage for the future. Ecological Applications 9 (1999) 1189-1206
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1189-1206
    • Swetnam, T.W.1    Allen, C.D.2    Betancourt, J.L.3
  • 112
    • 0345451650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception of scale in forest management planning: challenges and implications
    • Tang S.M., and Gustafson E.J. Perception of scale in forest management planning: challenges and implications. Landscape and Urban Planning 39 (1997) 1-9
    • (1997) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.39 , pp. 1-9
    • Tang, S.M.1    Gustafson, E.J.2
  • 114
    • 33645102290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy in a multiowner province: a simulation experiment
    • Thompson J.R., Johnson K.N., Lennette M., Spies T.A., and Bettinger P. Historical disturbance regimes as a reference for forest policy in a multiowner province: a simulation experiment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36 (2006) 401-417
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.36 , pp. 401-417
    • Thompson, J.R.1    Johnson, K.N.2    Lennette, M.3    Spies, T.A.4    Bettinger, P.5
  • 115
    • 0035389483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial dynamics of coarse woody debris in harvested and unharvested lodgepole pine forests
    • Tinker D.B., and Knight D.H. Temporal and spatial dynamics of coarse woody debris in harvested and unharvested lodgepole pine forests. Ecological Modelling 141 (2001) 125-149
    • (2001) Ecological Modelling , vol.141 , pp. 125-149
    • Tinker, D.B.1    Knight, D.H.2
  • 116
    • 0242656335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the greater Yellowstone area, USA
    • Tinker D.B., Romme W.H., and Despain D.G. Historic range of variability in landscape structure in subalpine forests of the greater Yellowstone area, USA. Landscape Ecology 18 (2003) 427-439
    • (2003) Landscape Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 427-439
    • Tinker, D.B.1    Romme, W.H.2    Despain, D.G.3
  • 119
    • 0001032574 scopus 로고
    • A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes
    • Turner M.G., Romme W.H., Gardner R.H., O'Neill R.V., and Kratz T.K. A revised concept of landscape equilibrium: disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes. Landscape Ecology 8 (1993) 213-227
    • (1993) Landscape Ecology , vol.8 , pp. 213-227
    • Turner, M.G.1    Romme, W.H.2    Gardner, R.H.3    O'Neill, R.V.4    Kratz, T.K.5
  • 120
    • 0042732930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historic range of variability of mountain forest ecosystems: concepts and applications
    • Veblen T.T. Historic range of variability of mountain forest ecosystems: concepts and applications. The Forestry Chronicle 79 (2003) 223-226
    • (2003) The Forestry Chronicle , vol.79 , pp. 223-226
    • Veblen, T.T.1
  • 122
    • 0028162292 scopus 로고
    • Landscape to regional-scale responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global change
    • Walker B.H. Landscape to regional-scale responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global change. Ambio 23 (1994) 67-73
    • (1994) Ambio , vol.23 , pp. 67-73
    • Walker, B.H.1
  • 124
    • 0032840726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using resistance and resilience measurements for 'fitness' tests in ecosystem health
    • Whitford W.G.R.D.J., and deSoyza A.G. Using resistance and resilience measurements for 'fitness' tests in ecosystem health. Journal of Environmental Management 57 (1999) 21-29
    • (1999) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.57 , pp. 21-29
    • Whitford, W.G.R.D.J.1    deSoyza, A.G.2
  • 125
    • 0034029029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating historical variability in the amount of old forest in the Oregon Coast Range
    • Wimberly M.C., Spies T.A., Long C.J., and Whitlock C. Simulating historical variability in the amount of old forest in the Oregon Coast Range. Conservation Biology 14 (2000) 167-180
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 167-180
    • Wimberly, M.C.1    Spies, T.A.2    Long, C.J.3    Whitlock, C.4
  • 126
    • 68949104301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range of natural variability: applying the concept to forest management in central British Columbia, BC
    • Wong C.M., and Iverson K. Range of natural variability: applying the concept to forest management in central British Columbia, BC. Journal of Ecosystems and Management Extension Note 4 (2004) 1-56
    • (2004) Journal of Ecosystems and Management Extension Note , vol.4 , pp. 1-56
    • Wong, C.M.1    Iverson, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.