Renewed interest in metal phthalocyanine donors for small molecule organic solar cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 124, Issue , 2014, Pages 217-226

  Williams, Graeme ^a   Sutty, Sibi ^a   Klenkler, Richard ^b   Aziz, Hany ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b XEROX RESEARCH CENTRE OF CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bulk heterojunction; Metal phthalocyanine; Organic solar cell; Phthalocyanine; Schottky

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; MIXING; OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; SOLAR POWER GENERATION; ZINC COMPOUNDS;

BULK HETEROJUNCTION; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; METALPHTHALOCYANINES; MOLECULAR ENERGY LEVELS; PHTHALOCYANINE; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES; SCHOTTKY; SMALL-MOLECULE ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS;

ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84896881721     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.02.013     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. P. Maillard, S. Gaspard, P. Krausz, and C. Giannotti Electron transfer reactions between methyl viologen and porphyrins, bis-porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and their metal derivatives J. Organomet. Chem. 212 1981 185 191
2. T. Ohno, S. Kato, and N.N. Lichtin Electron transfer in the quenching of triplet states of zinc phthalocyanine and methylene blue by the use of Fe (III), Co (III), and organic oxidants Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55 1982 2753 2759
3. H. Ohtani, T. Kobayashi, T. Ohno, S. Kato, T. Tanno, and A. Yamada Nanosecond spectroscopy on the mechanism of the reduction of methylviologen sensitized by metallophthalocyanine J. Phys. Chem. 88 1984 4431 4435
4. 60 composites as improved photosensitive materials Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 1999 1765 1767
5. M.E. El-Khouly, O. Ito, P.M. Smith, and F. D Souza Intermolecular and supramolecular photoinduced electron transfer processes of fullerene-porphyrin/ phthalocyanine systems J. Photochem. Photobiol., C 5 2004 79 104
6. C. Tang Two layer organic photovoltaic cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 1986 183 185
7. P. Peumans, A. Yakimov, and S. Forrest Small molecular weight organic thin-film photodetectors and solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 93 2003 3693 3723
8. S. Uchida, J.G. Xue, B.P. Rand, and S.R. Forrest Organic small molecule solar cells with a homogeneously mixed copper phthalocyanine: C-60 active layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 2004 4218 4220
9. J. Xue, B.P. Rand, S. Uchida, and S.R. Forrest Mixed donor-acceptor molecular heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications. II. Device performance J. Appl. Phys. 98 2005 124903
10. J.G. Xue, B.P. Rand, S. Uchida, and S.R. Forrest A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell Adv. Mater. 17 2005 66 71
11. D. Gebeyehu, B. Maennig, J. Drechsel, K. Leo, and M. Pfeiffer Bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on donor-acceptor organic small molecule blends Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 79 2003 81 92
12. J. Drechsel, B. Mannig, D. Gebeyehu, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, and H. Hoppe MIP-type organic solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine/fullerene mixed layers and doped wide-gap transport layers Org. Electron. 5 2004 175 186
13. B. Maennig, J. Drechsel, D. Gebeyehu, P. Simon, F. Kozlowski, A. Werner, F. Li, S. Grundmann, S. Sonntag, M. Koch, K. Leo, M. Pfeiffer, H. Hoppe, D. Meissner, N.S. Sariciftci, I. Riedel, V. Dyakonov, and J. Parisi Organic p-i-n solar cells Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process 79 2004 1 14
14. J. Drechsel, B. Mannig, F. Kozlowski, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, and H. Hoppe Efficient organic solar cells based on a double p-i-n architecture using doped wide-gap transport layers Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 2005 244102
15. M. Riede, C. Uhrich, J. Widmer, R. Timmreck, D. Wynands, G. Schwartz, W.M. Gnehr, D. Hildebrandt, A. Weiss, J. Hwang, S. Sundarraj, P. Erk, M. Pfeiffer, and K. Leo Efficient organic tandem solar cells based on small molecules Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 2011 3019 3028
16. R. Pandey, A.A. Gunawan, K.A. Mkhoyan, and R.J. Holmes Efficient organic photovoltaic cells based on nanocrystalline mixtures of boron subphthalocyanine chloride and C60 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 2012 617 624
17. R. Pandey, Y.L. Zou, and R.J. Holmes Efficient, bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on boron subphthalocyanine chloride-C-70 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 2012 033308
18. R.F. Bailey-Salzman, B.P. Rand, and S.R. Forrest Near-infrared sensitive small molecule organic photovoltaic cells based on chloroaluminum phthalocyanine Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 2007 013508
19. R.R. Lunt, and V. Bulovic Transparent, near-infrared organic photovoltaic solar cells for window and energy-scavenging applications Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 2011 113305
20. 60 organic photovoltaic cells with high open-circuit voltages Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2009 1688 1691
21. S. Sutty, G. Williams, and H. Aziz Role of the donor material and the donor-acceptor mixing ratio in increasing the efficiency of Schottky junction organic solar cells Org. Electron. 14 2013 2392 2400
22. G. Williams, and H. Aziz The effect of charge extraction layers on the photo-stability of vacuum-deposited versus solution-coated organic solar cells Org. Electron 15 2013 47 56
23. S. Sutty, G. Williams, H. Aziz, New insights into charge extraction and formation of the band-bending region in Schottky junction organic solar cells, in: SPIE Organic Photonics+ Electronics, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, pp. 88300.
24. A.P. Yuen, S.M. Jovanovic, A.M. Hor, R.A. Klenkler, G.A. Devenyi, R.O. Loutfy, and J.S. Preston Photovoltaic properties of M-phthalocyanine/fullerene organic solar cells Solar Energy 86 2012 1683 1688
25. M. Zhang, H. Ding, Y. Gao, and C. Tang Organic Schottky barrier photovoltaic cells based on MoOx C60 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 2010 183301
26. B. Yang, F. Guo, Y. Yuan, Z. Xiao, Y. Lu, Q. Dong, and J. Huang Solution-processed fullerene-based organic Schottky junction devices for large-open-circuit-voltage organic solar cells Adv. Mater. 25 2012 572 577
27. M. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Tian, Y. Geng, and C. Tang Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with low donor concentration Adv. Mater. 23 2011 4960 4964
28. X. Xiao, J.D. Zimmerman, B.E. Lassiter, K.J. Bergemann, and S.R. Forrest A hybrid planar-mixed tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene/C 70 photovoltaic cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 2013 073302
29. G. Williams, H. Aziz, Insights into electron and hole extraction layers for upright and inverted vacuum-deposited small molecule organic solar cells, in: SPIE Organic Photovoltaics XIV, 2013, pp. 88301.
30. G. Chen, H. Sasabe, Z. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Hong, J. Kido, and Y. Yang Solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells based on a squaraine dye Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14 2012 14661 14666
31. Y.-q. Zheng, W.J. Potscavage Jr, T. Komino, and C. Adachi Highly efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell based on tris [4-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl) phenyl] amine and C70 combined with optimized electron transport layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 2013 153302
32. D.S. Weiss Organic Photoreceptors for Xerography 1998 CRC Press
33. S. Shaheen, G. Jabbour, M. Morrell, Y. Kawabe, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, M.-F. Nabor, R. Schlaf, E. Mash, and N. Armstrong Bright blue organic light-emitting diode with improved color purity using a LiF/Al cathode J. Appl. Phys. 84 1998 2324 2327
34. Z. Wu, H. Yang, Y. Duan, W. Xie, S. Liu, and Y. Zhao Improved efficiency of organic light-emitting devices employing bathocuproine doped in the electron-transporting layer Semicond. Sci. Technol. 18 2003 49 52
35. K.L. Mutolo, E.I. Mayo, B.P. Rand, S.R. Forrest, and M.E. Thompson Enhanced open-circuit voltage in subphthalocyanine/C60 organic photovoltaic cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2006 8108 8109
36. T. Heidel, D. Hochbaum, J. Sussman, V. Singh, M. Bahlke, I. Hiromi, J. Lee, and M. Baldo Reducing recombination losses in planar organic photovoltaic cells using multiple step charge separation J. Appl. Phys. 109 2011 104502
37. W. Wang, D. Placencia, and N.R. Armstrong Planar and textured heterojunction organic photovoltaics based on chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc) versus titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) donor layers Org. Electron. 12 2011 383 393
38. M. Islam, M. Fukugauchi, N. Morii, H. Uegaito, S. Nishigaki, M. Takeuchi, Improvement of photovoltaic properties in inorganic organic pigment particle heterojunction solar cell, in: Developments in Renewable Energy Technology (ICDRET), 2012 Second International Conference on the, IEEE, 2012, pp. 1-5.
39. D.R. Kearns, and M. Calvin Solid state ionization potentials of some aromatic organic compounds J. Chem. Phys. 34 1961 2026
40. M. Pope Surface ionization energies of organic compounds: phthalocyanines J. Chem. Phys. 36 1962 2810 2811
41. W.D. Cheng, D.S. Wu, H. Zhang, and J.T. Chen Electronic structure and spectrum third-order nonlinear optics of the metal phthalocyanines PcM (M=Zn, Ni, TiO) Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 64 2001 125109
42. M.-S. Liao, and S. Scheiner Electronic structure and bonding in metal phthalocyanines, metal=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg J. Chem. Phys. 114 2001 9780
43. M.-S. Liao, and S. Scheiner Comparative study of metal-porphyrins, -porphyrazines, and -phthalocyanines J. Comput. Chem. 23 2002 1391 1403
44. C.C. Chen, L. Dou, R. Zhu, C.H. Chung, T.B. Song, Y.B. Zheng, S. Hawks, G. Li, P.S. Weiss, and Y. Yang Visibly transparent polymer solar cells produced by solution processing ACS Nano 6 2012 7185 7190
45. G. Williams, Q. Wang, and H. Aziz The photo-stability of polymer solar cells: contact photo-degradation and the benefits of interfacial layers Adv. Funct. Mater 23 2012 2239 2247
46. N.C. Nicolaidis, B.S. Routley, J.L. Holdsworth, W.J. Belcher, X. Zhou, and P.C. Dastoor Fullerene contribution to photocurrent generation in organic photovoltaic cells J. Phys. Chem. C 115 2011 7801 7805
47. M.M. Wienk, J.M. Kroon, W.J. Verhees, J. Knol, J.C. Hummelen, P.A. van Hal, and R.A. Janssen Efficient methano [70] fullerene/MDMO-PPV bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells Angew. Chem. 115 2003 3493 3497
48. A.A. Bakulin, J.C. Hummelen, M.S. Pshenichnikov, and P.H. Van Loosdrecht Ultrafast hole-transfer dynamics in polymer/PCBM bulk heterojunctions Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 2010 1653 1660
49. M. Scharber, D. Mühlbacher, M. Koppe, P. Denk, C. Waldauf, A. Heeger, and C. Brabec Design rules for donors in bulk heterojunction solar cells - towards 10% energy conversion efficiency Adv. Mater. 18 2006 789 794
50. A. Wilke, J. Endres, U. Hormann, J. Niederhausen, R. Schlesinger, J. Frisch, P. Amsalem, J. Wagner, M. Gruber, and A. Opitz Correlation between interface energetics and open circuit voltage in organic photovoltaic cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 2012 233301
51. D. Veldman, S.C.J. Meskers, and R.A.J. Janssen The energy of charge-transfer states in electron donor-acceptor blends: insight into the energy losses in organic solar cells Adv. Funct. Mater 19 2009 1939 1948
52. Y. Zhang, X.D. Dang, C. Kim, and T.Q. Nguyen Effect of charge recombination on the fill factor of small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells Adv. Energy Mater 1 2011 610 617
53. B.P. Rand, J. Xue, S. Uchida, and S.R. Forrest Mixed donor-acceptor molecular heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications. I. Material properties J. Appl. Phys. 98 2005 124902
54. J. Gantz, D. Placencia, A. Giordano, S.R. Marder, and N.R. Armstrong Influence of electrode surface composition and energetics on small-molecule organic solar cell performance: polar versus nonpolar donors on indium tin oxide contacts J. Phys. Chem. C 117 2013 1205 1216