Moderation of religious and secular politics, a country's "centre" and democratization

Democratization

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 244-267

  Somer, Murat ^a  

^a KOÇ UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

centre; democratization; moderation; Muslim countries; political Islam; religious politics; secular politics; Turkey

Indexed keywords

EID: 84896839304     PISSN: 13510347     EISSN: 1743890X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2012.732069     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Ahmad, Feroz. The Making of Modern Turkey. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
2. Altuni{dotless}şi{dotless}k, Meliha. "The Turkish Model and Democratization in the Middle East. " Arab Studies Quarterly 27, nos 1-2 (2005): 45-63.
3. Angrist, Michele P. "Party Systems and Regime Formation in the Modern Middle East: Explaining Turkish Exceptionalism. " Comparative Politics 36, no. 2 (2004): 229-249.
4. Bayat, Asef. Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
5. Bermeo, Nancy. "Myths of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict during Democratic Transitions. " Comparative Politics 29, no. 3 (1997): 305-322.
6. Browers, Michaelle L. Political Ideology in the Arab World: Accommodation and Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
7. Çarkoǧlu, Ali, and Ersin Kalayci{dotless}oǧlu. Turkish Democracy Today: Elections Protest and Stability in An Islamic Society. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007.
8. Casanova, José. "Civil Society and Religion: Retrospective Reflections on Catholicisim and Prospective Reflections on Islam. " Social Research 68, no. 4 (2001): 1041-1080.
9. Cavatorta, Francesco. "'Divided They Stand, Divided They Fail': Opposition Politics in Morocco. " Democratization 16, no. 1 (2009): 137-156.
10. Çavdar, Gamze. "Islamist New Thinking in Turkey: A Model for Political Learning?" Political Science Quarterly 121, no. 3 (2006): 477-500.
11. Ciddi, Sinan. Kemalism in Turkish Politics: The Republican People's Party, Secularism and Nationalism. London: Routledge, 2009.
12. Clark, Janine A. "The Conditions of Islamist Moderation: Unpacking Cross-ideological Cooperation in Jordan. " International Journal of Middle East Studies 38 (2006): 539-560.
13. Cizre Sakalli{dotless}oǧlu, Ümit. "Parameters and Strategies of Islam-State Interaction in Republican Turkey. " International Journal of Middle East Studies 28 (1996): 231-251.
14. Cizre, Ümit. "Introduction. " In Secular and Islamic Politics in Turkey: The Making of the Justice and Development Party, edited by Ümit Cizre, 1-14. New York: Routledge, 2008.
15. Daǧi{dotless}, Ihsan D. "Transformation of Islamic Political Identity in Turkey: Rethinking theWest and Westernization. " Turkish Studies 6, no. 1 (2005): 21-37.
16. Findley, Carter V. Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity: A History, 1789-2007. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.
17. Göle, Nilüfer. "Secularism and Islamism in Turkey: The Making of Elites and Counterelites. " The Middle East Journal 51, no. 1 (1997): 46-58.
18. Gülalp, Haldun. "Political Islam in Turkey: The Rise and Fall of the Refah Party. " The Muslim World 89, no. 1 (1999): 22-41.
19. Gümüşçü, Sebnem. "Class, Status, and Party: The Changing Face of Political Islam in Turkey and Egypt. " Comparative Political Studies 43, no. 7 (2010): 835-861.
20. Gürses, Mehmet. "Islamists, Democracy and Turkey: A Test of the Inclusion-moderation Hypothesis. " Party Politics (2012). doi: 10.1177/1354068812448688.
21. Hale, William, and Ergun Özbudun. Islamism, Democracy and Liberalism in Turkey. London: Routledge, 2010.
22. Haynes, Jeffrey. "Religion and Democratization: An Introduction. " Democratization 16, no. 6 (2009): 1041-1057.
23. Hefner, Robert W. Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.
24. Heper, Metin. "Islam and Democracy in Turkey: Toward a Reconciliation?" The Middle East Journal 51, no. 1 (1997): 32-46.
25. Heper, Metin. İsmet İnönü: The Making of a Turkish Statesman. New York: Brill, 1998.
26. Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
27. Kalyvas, Stathis N. "Unsecular Politics and Religious Mobilization. " In European Christian Democracy, edited by Thomas Kselman and Joseph A. Buttigieg, 293-320. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2003.
28. Karakaya, Suveyda, and A. Kadir Yildirim. "Islamist Moderation in Perspective: Comparative Analysis of the Moderation of Islamist and Western Communist Parties. " Democratization (2012). doi: 10.1080/13510347.2012.696612.
29. Kayali{dotless}, Hasan. "The Struggle for Independence. " In The Cambridge History of Turkey, Vol. 4, Turkey in the Modern World, edited by Reşat Kasaba, 112-146. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
30. King, Desmond, Robert C. Lieberman, Gretchen Litter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds. Democratization in America: A Comparative-historical Analysis. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
31. Kinzer, Stephen. "The Quiet Revolution. " The American Prospect 14 (2006): 13-15.
32. Künkler, Mirjam, and Julia Leininger. "The Multi-faceted Role of Religious Actors in Democratization Processes: Empirical Evidence from Five Young Democracies. " Democratization 16, no. 6 (2009): 1058-1092.
33. Kuru, Ahmet T. Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
34. Kurzman, Charles, ed. Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
35. Kurzman, Charles, and Jilal Naqvi. "Do Muslims Vote Islamic?" Journal of Democracy 21, no. 2 (2010): 50-63.
36. Linz, Juan L., and Stepan Alfred. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD; London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
37. Mardin, Serif. "Centre-periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics?" Daedalus 102, no. 1 (1973): 169-190.
38. Mecham, R. Quinn. "From the Ashes of Virtue, a Promise of Light: The Transformation of Political Islam in Turkey. " Third World Quarterly 25, no. 2 (2004): 339-358.
39. Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. "Turkey's Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union. " South European Society and Politics 10, no. 1 (2005): 17-31.
40. Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, and Fuat Keyman. "Turkey under the AKP: The Era of Dominant Party Politics. " Journal of Democracy 23, no. 1 (2012): 85-99.
41. Nasr, Vali. "TheRise of 'MuslimDemocracy.'" Journal ofDemocracy 16, no. 2 (2005): 13-27.
42. Öniş, Ziya. "Conservative Globalism at the Crossroads: The Justice and Development Party and the Thorny Path to Democratic Consolidation in Turkey. " Mediterranean Politics 14, no. 1 (2009): 21-40.
43. Öniş, Ziya. "The Political Economy of Islamic Resurgence in Turkey: The Rise of the Welfare Party in Perspective. " Third World Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1997): 743-766.
44. Özbudun, Ergun. Otoriter Rejimler, Seçimsel Demokrasiler ve Türkiye (Authoritarian Regimes, Electoral Democracies and Turkey). Istanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayi{dotless}nlari{dotless}, 2011.
45. Piscatori, James P. Islam in a World of Nation-states. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
46. Reporters without Borders. Press Freedom Index (2010). Accessed May 12, 2011. http:// en.rsf.org.
47. Schwedler, Jillian. "Can Islamists Become Moderates?: Rethinking the Inclusion-moderation Hypothesis. " World Politics 63, no. 2 (2011): 347-376.
48. Schwedler, Jillian. Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
49. Şen, Serdar. AKP Milli Görüşçü mü? (Is the AKP Pro-National Outlook?). Istanbul: Nokta Kitap, 2004.
50. Shils Edward. "Centre and Periphery. " In The Logic of Personal Knowledge: Essays Presented to Michael Polanyi, 117-130. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1961.
51. Somer, Murat. "Does It Take Democrats to Democratize?: Lessons From Islamic and Secular Elite Values in Turkey. " Comparative Political Studies 44, no. 5 (2011): 511-545.
52. Somer, Murat. "Moderate Islam and Secularist Opposition in Turkey: Implications for the World, Muslims and Democracy. " ThirdWorld Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1271-1289.
53. Somer, Murat, and Evangelos G. Liaras. "Turkey's New Kurdish Opening: Religious versus Secular Values. " Middle East Policy 17, no. 2 (2010): 152-165.
54. Soydan, Mehmet Ali. Türkiye'nin Refah Gerçeǧi (Turkey's "Welfare" Reality). Erzurum: Birey Yayi{dotless}nci{dotless}li{dotless}k, 1994.
55. Stepan, Alfred. "Religion, Democracy, and the 'Twin Tolerations.'" Journal of Democracy 11, no. 4 (2000): 37-57.
56. Tepe, Sultan. "Moderation of Religious Parties: Electoral Constraints, Ideological Commitments, and the Democratic Capacities of Religious Parties in Israel and Turkey. " Political Research Quarterly 65, no. 3 (2012): 467-485.
57. Tepe, Sultan. "Turkey's AKP: A Model 'Muslim-Democratic' Party?" Journal of Democracy 16, no. 3 (2005): 69-85.
58. Tezcür, Güneş M. Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey: The Paradox of Moderation. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2010.
59. Tibi, Bassam. "Why They Can't Be Democratic. " Journal of Democracy 19, no. 3 (2008): 43-48.
60. Tuǧal, Cihan. Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.
61. Turam, Berna. Between Islam and the State: The Politics of Engagement. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
62. Turam, Berna. "Turkey under the AKP: Are Rights and Liberties Safe?" Journal of Democracy 23, no. 1 (2012): 109-118.
63. Ulagay, Osman. AKP Gerçeǧ i ve Laik Darbe Fiyaskosu (Truth of AKP and Fiasco of Secular Coup). Istanbul: Doǧan Kitap, 2008.
64. Volpi, Frédéric. "Pseudo-democracy in the MuslimWorld. " ThirdWorld Quarterly 25, no. 6 (2004): 1061-1078.
65. Wickham, Carrie Rosefsky. "The Path to Moderation: Strategy and Learning in the Formation of Egypt's Wasat Party. " Comparative Politics 36, no. 2 (2004): 205-228.
66. Yavuz, Hakan M. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.