Influence of ZnO sol-gel electron transport layer processing on BHJ active layer morphology and OPV performance

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 125, Issue , 2014, Pages 27-32

  Barrera, Diego ^a,b   Lee, Yun Ju ^a   Hsu, Julia W P ^a  

^a The University of Texas at Dallas   (United States)

^b CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN MATERIALES AVANZADOS   (Mexico)

Author keywords

BHJ morphology; Bimolecular recombination; Organic solar cell; PCBM clusters; Sol gel ZnO film

Indexed keywords

BIMOLECULAR RECOMBINATION; CLUSTER FORMATIONS; ELECTRON TRANSPORT LAYERS; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL; PCBM CLUSTERS; ZNO FILMS;

ELECTRON TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ETHANOLAMINES; METALLIC FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; SOL-GELS; ZINC OXIDE;

SOL-GEL PROCESS;

EID: 84896756992     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.02.014     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. L. Bahadur, M. Hamdani, J.F. Koenig, and P. Chartier Studies on semiconducting thin films prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique for photoelectrochemical solar cell applications: preparation and properties of ZnO Sol. Energy Mater 14 1986 107 120
2. L. Znaidi, G. Soler Illia, S. Benyahia, C. Sanchez, and A.V. Kanaev Oriented ZnO thin films synthesis by sol-gel process for laser application Thin Solid Films 428 2003 257 262
3. X.L. Cheng, H. Zhao, L.H. Huo, S. Gao, and J.G. Zhao ZnO nanoparticulate thin film: preparation, characterization and gas-sensing property Sens. Actuators B - Chem. 102 2004 248 252
4. H. Li, J. Wang, H. Liu, H. Zhang, and X. Li Zinc oxide films prepared by sol-gel method J. Cryst. Growth 275 2005 943 946
5. Y. Ohya, H. Saiki, and Y. Takahashi Preparation of transparent, electrically conducting ZnO film from zinc acetate and alkoxide J. Mater. Sci. 29 1994 4099 4103
6. M. Ohyama, H. Kouzuka, and T. Yoko Sol-gel preparation of ZnO films with extremely preferred orientation along (002) plane from zinc acetate solution Thin Solid Films 306 1997 78 85
7. H.T. Nguyen, N.D. Nguyen, and S. Lee Application of solution-processed metal oxide layers as charge transport layers for CdSe/ZnS quantum-dot LEDs Nanotechnology 24 2013 115201 115205
8. J.S. Park, J.M. Lee, S.K. Hwang, S.H. Lee, H.-J. Lee, and B.R. Lee et al. A ZnO/N-doped carbon nanotube nanocomposite charge transport layer for high performance optoelectronics J. Mater. Chem. 22 2012 12695 12700
9. M.S. White, D.C. Olson, S.E. Shaheen, N. Kopidakis, and D.S. Ginley Inverted bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic device using a solution-derived ZnO underlayer Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 2006 143517-1 143517-3
10. T. Kuwabara, Y. Kawahara, T. Yamaguchi, and K. Takahashi Characterization of inverted-type organic solar cells with a ZnO layer as the electron collection electrode by ac impedance spectroscopy ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 2009 2107 2110
11. Y. Sun, J.H. Seo, C.J. Takacs, J. Seifter, and A.J. Heeger Inverted polymer solar cells integrated with a low-temperature-annealed sol-gel-derived ZnO film as an electron transport layer Adv. Mater. 23 2011 1679 1683
12. C.E. Small, S. Chen, J. Subbiah, C.M. Amb, S.-W. Tsang, and T.-H. Lai et al. High-efficiency inverted dithienogermole-thienopyrrolodione-based polymer solar cells Nat. Photon 6 2011 115 120
13. 3 hole selective layer Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 2008 221107
14. C.M. Amb, M.R. Craig, U. Koldemir, J. Subbiah, K.R. Choudhury, and S.A. Gevorgyan et al. Aesthetically pleasing conjugated polymer:fullerene blends for blue-green solar cells via roll-to-roll processing ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 2012 1847 1853
15. 2): performance improvement during long-time irradiation Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2006 2076 2086
16. M.T. Lloyd, C.H. Peters, A. Garcia, I.V. Kauvar, J.J. Berry, and M.O. Reese et al. Influence of the hole-transport layer on the initial behavior and lifetime of inverted organic photovoltaics Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 1382 1388
17. M. Hösel, R.R. Søndergaard, M. Jørgensen, and F.C. Krebs Fast inline rolla-toa-roll printing for indium-tina-oxidea-free polymer solar cells using automatic registration Energy Technol. 1 2013 102 107
18. Y.-J. Lee, J. Wang, S.R. Cheng, and J.W.P. Hsu Solution processed ZnO hybrid nanocomposite with tailored work function for improved electron transport layer in organic photovoltaic devices ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 2013 9128 9133
19. S.B. Jo, J.H. Lee, M. Sim, M. Kim, J.H. Park, and Y.S. Choi et al. High performance organic photovoltaic cells using polymera-hybridized ZnO nanocrystals as a cathode interlayer Adv. Energy Mater. 1 2011 690 698
20. K.C. Choi, E.J. Lee, Y.K. Baek, M.J. Kim, Y.D. Kim, and P.W. Shin Modifying hydrogen bonding interaction in solvent and dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles: impact on the photovoltaic performance of inverted organic solar cells R. Soc. Chem. Adv. 4 2014 7160 7166
21. W. Ma, C. Yang, X. Gong, K. Lee, A.J. Heeger, and Thermally Stable Efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 2005 1617 1622
22. S. van Bavel, E. Sourty, G. de With, S. Veenstra, and J. Loos Three-dimensional nanoscale organization of polymer solar cells J. Mater. Chem. 19 2009 5388 5393
23. R.A. Marsh, J.M. Hodgkiss, S. Albert-Seifried, and R.H. Friend Effect of annealing on P3HT:PCBM charge transfer and nanoscale morphology probed by ultrafast spectroscopy Nano Lett. 10 2010 923 930
24. X. Yang, J. Loos, S.C. Veenstra, W.J.H. Verhees, M.M. Wienk, and J.M. Kroon et al. Nanoscale morphology of high-performance polymer solar cells Nano Lett. 5 2005 579 583
25. O. Oklobia, and T.S. Shafai A quantitative study of the formation of PCBM clusters upon thermal annealing of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 117 2013 1 8
26. T.J. Savenije, J.E. Kroeze, X. Yang, and J. Loos The effect of thermal treatment on the morphology and charge carrier dynamics in a polythiophene-fullerene bulk heterojunction Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 2005 1260 1266
27. S.S. van Bavel, M. Bärenklau, G. de With, H. Hoppe, and J. Loos P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: impact of blend composition and 3D morphology on device performance Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 2010 1458 1463
28. D. Chirvase, J. Parisi, J.C. Hummelen, and V. Dyakonov Influence of nanomorphology on the photovoltaic action of polymer-fullerene composites Nanotechnology 15 2004 1317 1323
29. S. Bertho, G. Janssen, T.J. Cleij, B. Conings, W. Moons, and A. Gadisa et al. Effect of temperature on the morphological and photovoltaic stability of bulk heterojunction polymer: fullerene solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92 2008 753 760
30. B. Watts, W.J. Belcher, L. Thomsen, H. Ade, and P.C. Dastoor A quantitative study of PCBM diffusion during annealing of P3HT: PCBM blend films Macromolecules 42 2009 8392 8397
31. Z. Li, H.C. Wong, Z. Huang, H. Zhong, and C.H. Tan Performance enhancement of fullerene-based solar cells by light processing Nat. Commun. 4 2013 2227-1 2227-7
32. S.R. Cowan, J. Wang, J. Yi, Y.-J. Lee, D.C. Olson, and J.W.P. Hsu Intensity and wavelength dependence of bimolecular recombination in P3HT:PCBM solar cells: a white-light biased external quantum efficiency study J. Appl. Phys. 113 2013 154504-1 154504-9
33. Y.-J. Lee, R.J. Davis, M.T. Lloyd, P.P. Provencio, R.P. Prasankumar, and J.W.P. Hsu Open-circuit voltage improvement in hybrid ZnO-polymer photovoltaic devices with oxide engineering IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron 16 2010 1587 1594
34. C. Waldauf, M. Morana, P. Denk, P. Schilinsky, K. Coakley, and S.A. Choulis et al. Highly efficient inverted organic photovoltaics using solution based titanium oxide as electron selective contact Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 2006 233517-1 233517-3
35. M.O. Reese, A.K. Sigdel, J.J. Berry, D.S. Ginley, and S.E. Shaheen A simple miniature controlled-atmosphere chamber for optoelectronic characterizations Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 1254 1258
36. M.N. Kamalasanan, and S. Chandra Sol-gel synthesis of ZnO thin films Thin Solid Films 288 1996 112 115
37. S. Bandyopadhyay, G.K. Paul, R. Roy, S.K. Sen, and S. Sen Study of structural and electrical properties of grain-boundary modified ZnO films prepared by sol-gel technique Mater. Chem. Phys. 74 2002 83 91
38. S. Fujihara, C. Sasaki, and T. Kimura Crystallization behavior and origin of c-axis orientation in sol-gel-derived ZnO: Li thin films on glass substrates Appl. Surf. Sci. 180 2001 341 350
39. H. Bach, and D. Krause Thin Films on Glass 1st ed. 1997 Springer Berlin