The transcriptional programme of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer

BJU International

Volumn 113, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 358-366

  Lamb, Alastair D ^a   Massie, Charlie E ^a   Neal, David E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

androgen receptor (AR); ChIP; HRPC; mechanisms of resistance; prostate cancer; review

Indexed keywords

ABIRATERONE ACETATE; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; CALCIUM CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE II; DOCETAXEL; ENZALUTAMIDE; MYC PROTEIN; STAT PROTEIN; STEROID; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR E2F;

ADVANCED CANCER; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; BINDING SITE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER STAGING; CELL CYCLE REGULATION; CELL LINE; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DNA BINDING; DRUG EFFICACY; ENZYME INHIBITION; HINGE REGION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE RELAPSED PROSTATE CANCER; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS GONAD SYSTEM; LIGAND BINDING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE SIZE; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN TARGETING; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL;

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR (AR); CHIP; HRPC; MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE; PROSTATE CANCER; REVIEW;

ANDROGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS, CASTRATION-RESISTANT; RECEPTORS, ANDROGEN; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 84896702452     PISSN: 14644096     EISSN: 1464410X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bju.12415     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Hunter J,. Observations on Certain Parts of the Animal Oeconomy, 1 edn. London: Bibliotheca Osteriana, 1786: 38-39
2. Pelikan E,. Gerichtlich-medicinische Untersuchungen uber Das Skopzenthum in Russland, nebst Historischen Notizen. Giessen: Ricker, 1876
3. Huggins C, Clark PJ,. Quantitative studies of prostatic secretion: II. The effect of castration and of estrogen injection on the normal and on the hyperplastic prostate glands of dogs. J Exp Med 1940; 72: 747-762
4. Huggins C,. Effect of orchiectomy and irradiation on cancer of the prostate. Ann Surg 1942; 115: 1192-1200
5. Redding TW, Coy DH, Schally AV,. Prostate carcinoma tumor size in rats decreases after administration of antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 1273-1276 (Pubitemid 12105590)
6. Chen Y, Clegg NJ, Scher HI,. Anti-androgens and androgen-depleting therapies in prostate cancer: new agents for an established target. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 981-991
7. Zhang X, Morrissey C, Sun S, et al. Androgen receptor variants occur frequently in castration resistant prostate cancer metastases. PLoS ONE 2011; 6: e27970
8. Watson SJ, Brown AJ, Holliday ND,. Differential signaling by splice variants of the human free fatty acid receptor GPR120. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81: 631-642
9. Watson PA, Chen YF, Balbas MD, et al. Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer require full-length androgen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107: 16759-16765
10. Culig Z, Comuzzi B, Steiner H, Bartsch G, Hobisch A,. Expression and function of androgen receptor coactivators in prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 92: 265-271 (Pubitemid 40128247)
11. Cutress ML, Whitaker HC, Mills IG, Stewart M, Neal DE,. Structural basis for the nuclear import of the human androgen receptor. J Cell Sci 2008; 121: 957-968 (Pubitemid 351639415)
12. Roche PJ, Hoare SA, Parker MG,. A consensus DNA-binding site for the androgen receptor. Molecular endocrinology 1992; 6: 2229-2235 (Pubitemid 23021573)
13. Massie CE, Adryan B, Barbosa-Morais NL, et al. New androgen receptor genomic targets show an interaction with the ETS1 transcription factor. EMBO Rep 2007; 8: 871-878 (Pubitemid 350001432)
14. Velasco AM, Gillis KA, Li Y, et al. Identification and validation of novel androgen-regulated genes in prostate cancer. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 3913-3924 (Pubitemid 39037580)
15. Waghray A, Feroze F, Schober MS, et al. Identification of androgen-regulated genes in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP by serial analysis of gene expression and proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2001; 1: 1327-1338
16. Chen CD, Welsbie DS, Tran C, et al. Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Nat Med 2004; 10: 33-39 (Pubitemid 38524696)
17. Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S, et al. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 2005; 310: 644-648 (Pubitemid 41528150)
18. Attard G, Clark J, Ambroisine L, et al. Duplication of the fusion of TMPRSS2 to ERG sequences identifies fatal human prostate cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27: 253-263
19. Cai C, Wang H, He HH, et al. ERG induces androgen receptor-mediated regulation of SOX9 in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 1109-1122
20. Wang Q, Li W, Liu XS, et al. A hierarchical network of transcription factors governs androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer growth. Mol Cell 2007; 27: 380-392 (Pubitemid 47126935)
21. Jia L, Berman BP, Jariwala U, et al. Genomic androgen receptor-occupied regions with different functions, defined by histone acetylation, coregulators and transcriptional capacity. PLoS ONE 2008; 3: e3645
22. Wang Q, Li W, Zhang Y, et al. Androgen receptor regulates a distinct transcription program in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cell 2009; 138: 245-256
23. Wang Q, Carroll JS, Brown M,. Spatial and temporal recruitment of androgen receptor and its coactivators involves chromosomal looping and polymerase tracking. Mol Cell 2005; 19: 631-642 (Pubitemid 41219439)
24. Massie CE, Lynch A, Ramos-Montoya A, et al. The androgen receptor fuels prostate cancer by regulating central metabolism and biosynthesis. EMBO J 2011; 30: 2719-2733
25. Gwinn DM, Shackelford DB, Egan DF, et al. AMPK phosphorylation of raptor mediates a metabolic checkpoint. Mol Cell 2008; 30: 214-226 (Pubitemid 351626684)
26. Tomlins SA, Mehra R, Rhodes DR, et al. Integrative molecular concept modeling of prostate cancer progression. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 41-51 (Pubitemid 46026500)
27. Yu J, Mani RS, Cao Q, et al. An integrated network of androgen receptor, polycomb, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2010; 17: 443-454
28. Schalken JA,. Molecular aspects of hormone-independent prostate cancer. BJU Int 2007; 100 (Suppl. 2): 52-55 (Pubitemid 46985615)
29. Attard G, Reid AH, Yap TA, et al. Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4563-4571
30. Tran C, Ouk S, Clegg NJ, et al. Development of a second-generation antiandrogen for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Science 2009; 324: 787-790
31. Sharma NL, Massie CE, Ramos-Montoya A, et al. The androgen receptor induces a distinct transcriptional program in castration-resistant prostate cancer in man. Cancer Cell 2013; 23: 35-47
32. Consensus agreement. Prostate Cancer Advisory Group. London, UK: NICE, 2013
33. Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1036-1042 (Pubitemid 28457865)
34. Sharifi N, Dahut WL, Steinberg SM, et al. A retrospective study of the time to clinical endpoints for advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int 2005; 96: 985-989 (Pubitemid 41531399)
35. Schrijvers D,. Androgen-independent prostate cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2007; 175: 239-249
36. Waterman MR, Keeney DS,. Genes involved in androgen biosynthesis and the male phenotype. Horm Res 1992; 38: 217-221 (Pubitemid 23185843)
37. Ishizaki F, Nishiyama T, Kawasaki T, et al. Androgen deprivation promotes intratumoral synthesis of dihydrotestosterone from androgen metabolites in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 1528
38. Titus MA, Schell MJ, Lih FB, Tomer KB, Mohler JL,. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone tissue levels in recurrent prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 4653-4657 (Pubitemid 41557182)
39. de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1995-2005
40. Visakorpi T, Hyytinen E, Koivisto P, et al. In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nat Genet 1995; 9: 401-406
41. Tan J, Sharief Y, Hamil KG, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates mutant androgen receptors expressed in the androgen-dependent human prostate cancer xenograft CWR22 and LNCaP cells. Molecular endocrinology 1997; 11: 450-459 (Pubitemid 27147013)
42. Duff J, McEwan IJ,. Mutation of histidine 874 in the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain leads to promiscuous ligand activation and altered p160 coactivator interactions. Molecular endocrinology 2005; 19: 2943-2954 (Pubitemid 41697713)
43. Pienta KJ, Smith DC,. Advances in prostate cancer chemotherapy: a new era begins. CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 300-318 (Pubitemid 41377334)
44. Fang Y, Fliss AE, Robins DM, Caplan AJ,. Hsp90 regulates androgen receptor hormone binding affinity in vivo. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 28697-28702 (Pubitemid 26374699)
45. Zoubeidi A, Zardan A, Beraldi E, et al. Cooperative interactions between androgen receptor (AR) and heat-shock protein 27 facilitate AR transcriptional activity. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 10455-10465 (Pubitemid 350070821)
46. Shiota M, Bishop JL, Nip KM, et al. Hsp27 regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73: 3109-3119
47. Asim M, Hafeez BB, Siddiqui IA, et al. Ligand-dependent corepressor acts as a novel androgen receptor corepressor, inhibits prostate cancer growth, and is functionally inactivated by the Src protein kinase. The Journal of biological chemistry 2011; 286: 37108-37117
48. Risbridger GP, Davis ID, Birrell SN, Tilley WD,. Breast and prostate cancer: more similar than different. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10: 205-212
49. Ham WS, Cho NH, Kim WT, Ju HJ, Lee JS, Choi YD,. Pathological effects of prostate cancer correlate with neuroendocrine differentiation and PTEN expression after bicalutamide monotherapy. J Urol 2009; 182: 1378-1384
50. Toivanen R, Frydenberg M, Murphy D, et al. A preclinical xenograft model identifies castration-tolerant cancer-repopulating cells in localized prostate tumors. Sci Transl Med 2013; 5: 187ra71
51. Shariff AH, Ather MH,. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. Urology 2006; 68: 2-8 (Pubitemid 44037741)
52. Gil J,. Molecular basis for androgen independency in prostate cancer. Cancer Ther 2006; 4: 143-152
53. Shen HC, Balk SP,. Development of androgen receptor antagonists with promising activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 2009; 15: 461-463
54. Crawford ED, Tombal B, Miller K, et al. A phase III extension trial with a 1-arm crossover from leuprolide to degarelix: comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist effect on prostate cancer. J Urol 2011; 186: 889-897
55. Small EJ, Baron A, Bok R,. Simultaneous antiandrogen withdrawal and treatment with ketoconazole and hydrocortisone in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80: 1755-1759 (Pubitemid 27475933)
56. Donald RA, Espiner EA, Cowles RJ, Fazackerley JE,. The effect of cyproterone acetate on the plasma gonadotrophin response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1976; 81: 680-684
57. Pham-Huu-Trung MT, de Smitter N, Bogyo A, Girard F,. Effects of cyproterone acetate on adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro. Horm Res 1984; 20: 108-115 (Pubitemid 14091252)
58. Scher HI, Beer TM, Higano CS, et al. Antitumour activity of MDV3100 in castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1-2 study. Lancet 2010; 375: 1437-1446
59. Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1187-1197
60. de Bono J, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Primary, secondary, and quality-of-life endpoint results from the phase III AFFIRM study of MDV3100, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30 (Suppl.): abstract 4519
61. Leighton JK,. Non-Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Studies to Support Xtandi (Enzalutamide). Pharmacology Review. San Francisco, CA: Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, 2012
62. Andersen RJ, Mawji NR, Wang J, et al. Regression of castrate-recurrent prostate cancer by a small-molecule inhibitor of the amino-terminus domain of the androgen receptor. Cancer Cell 2010; 17: 535-546