메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2014, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-19

Expression profiles of the immune genes CD4, CD8β IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in mitogen-stimulated koala lymphocytes (Phascolarctos cinereus) by qRT-PCR

Author keywords

Chlamydia; Cytokine; Immunology; Koala; KoRV; Marsupial; Mitogen stimulation; Wildife disease

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; CONCANAVALIN A; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; IONOMYCIN; PHORBOL 13 ACETATE 12 MYRISTATE; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ;

EID: 84895752442     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21678359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.280     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0025049031 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus
    • Ackley CD, Yamamoto J, Levy N, Pedersen N, Cooper M. 1990. Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Virology 64:5652-5655.
    • (1990) Journal of Virology , vol.64 , pp. 5652-5655
    • Ackley, C.D.1    Yamamoto, J.2    Levy, N.3    Pedersen, N.4    Cooper, M.5
  • 3
    • 0035102549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-color flow cytometry detection of intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: comparative analysis of phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin and phytohemagglutinin stimulation
    • Baran J, Kowalczyk D, Oz M, Zembala M. 2001. Three-color flow cytometry detection of intracellular cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: comparative analysis of phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin and phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8:303-313.
    • (2001) Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology , vol.8 , pp. 303-313
    • Baran, J.1    Kowalczyk, D.2    Oz, M.3    Zembala, M.4
  • 4
    • 0028232637 scopus 로고
    • TH1 and TH2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients
    • Barcellini W, Rizzardi GP, Borgh MO, Fain C, Lazzarin A,Meroni PL. 1994. TH1 and TH2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients. AIDS 8:757-762 DOI 10.1097/00002030-199406000-00006.
    • (1994) AIDS , vol.8 , pp. 757-762
    • Barcellini, W.1    Rizzardi, G.P.2    Borgh, M.O.3    Fain, C.4    Lazzarin, A.5    Meroni, P.L.6
  • 5
    • 2942700135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of the housekeeping Genes 18S rRNA,-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase for normalization in real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression in human T lymphocytes
    • Bas A, Forsberg G, Hammarström S, Hammarström ML. 2004. Utility of the housekeeping Genes 18S rRNA,-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase for normalization in real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression in human T lymphocytes. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 59:566-573 DOI 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01440.x.
    • (2004) Scandinavian Journal of Immunology , vol.59 , pp. 566-573
    • Bas, A.1    Forsberg, G.2    Hammarström, S.3    Hammarström, M.L.4
  • 7
    • 73949155375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-subunit chlamydial vaccine induces antibody and cell-mediated immunity in immunized koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): comparison of three different adjuvants
    • Carey AJ, Timms P, Rawlinson G, Brumm J, Nilsson K, Harris JM, Beagley KW. 2010. A multi-subunit chlamydial vaccine induces antibody and cell-mediated immunity in immunized koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): comparison of three different adjuvants. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 63:161-172 DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00776.x.
    • (2010) American Journal of Reproductive Immunology , vol.63 , pp. 161-172
    • Carey, A.J.1    Timms, P.2    Rawlinson, G.3    Brumm, J.4    Nilsson, K.5    Harris, J.M.6    Beagley, K.W.7
  • 8
    • 0027340164 scopus 로고
    • A Th1→Th2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection
    • Clerici M, Shearer GM. 1993. A Th1→Th2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection. Immunology Today 14:107-111 DOI 10.1016/0167-5699(93)90208-3.
    • (1993) Immunology Today , vol.14 , pp. 107-111
    • Clerici, M.1    Shearer, G.M.2
  • 10
    • 84895739474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Sustainability, Environment,Water, Population and Communities
    • Koala populations in Queensland, New SouthWales and the Australian Capital Territory and national environment law. Available at
    • Department of Sustainability, Environment,Water, Population and Communities. 2013. Koala populations in Queensland, New SouthWales and the Australian Capital Territory and national environment law. Available at http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/koala-species- listing.html.
    • (2013)
  • 13
    • 0036889996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two faces of IL-6 on Th1/Th2 differentiation
    • Diehl S, Rincón M. 2002. The two faces of IL-6 on Th1/Th2 differentiation. Molecular Immunology 39:531-536 DOI 10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00210-9.
    • (2002) Molecular Immunology , vol.39 , pp. 531-536
    • Diehl, S.1    Rincón, M.2
  • 14
    • 0042038357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the distribution and abundance of a regional koala population in south-east Queensland for conservation management
    • Dique DS, Preece HJ, Thompson J, de Villiers DL. 2004. Determining the distribution and abundance of a regional koala population in south-east Queensland for conservation management.Wildlife Research 31:109-117 DOI 10.1071/WR02031.
    • (2004) Wildlife Research , vol.31 , pp. 109-117
    • Dique, D.S.1    Preece, H.J.2    Thompson, J.3    De Villiers, D.L.4
  • 18
    • 0036729454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-actin and GAPDH housekeeping gene expression in asthmatic airways is variable and not suitable for normalising mRNA levels
    • Glare E, Divjak M, Bailey M,Walters E. 2002. β-actin and GAPDH housekeeping gene expression in asthmatic airways is variable and not suitable for normalising mRNA levels. Thorax 57:765-770 DOI 10.1136/thorax.57.9.765.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 765-770
    • Glare, E.1    Divjak, M.2    Bailey, M.3    Walters, E.4
  • 19
    • 0028120457 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of interferon-and interleukin-4 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and isolated T cells after activation with polyclonal t cell activators
    • Gonzalez S, Beck L,Wilson N, Spiegelberg HL. 1994. Comparison of interferon-and interleukin-4 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and isolated T cells after activation with polyclonal t cell activators. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 8:277-283 DOI 10.1002/jcla.1860080506.
    • (1994) Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis , vol.8 , pp. 277-283
    • Gonzalez, S.1    Beck, L.2    Wilson, N.3    Spiegelberg, H.L.4
  • 20
    • 84872311915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of admission trends of koalas to a rehabilitation facility over 30 years
    • Griffith JE, Dhand NK, Krockenberger MB, Higgins DP. 2013. A retrospective study of admission trends of koalas to a rehabilitation facility over 30 years. Journal ofWildlife Diseases 49:18-28 DOI 10.7589/2012-05-135.
    • (2013) Journal ofWildlife Diseases , vol.49 , pp. 18-28
    • Griffith, J.E.1    Dhand, N.K.2    Krockenberger, M.B.3    Higgins, D.P.4
  • 21
    • 0002051540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program forWindows 95/98/NT
    • Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program forWindows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series No. 41, 95-98.
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Symposium Series , vol.41 , pp. 95-98
    • Hall, T.A.1
  • 22
    • 0030994125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of naturally occurring chlamydial conjunctivitis and urogenital inflammation in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
    • Hemsley S, Canfield P. 1997. Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of naturally occurring chlamydial conjunctivitis and urogenital inflammation in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Journal of Comparative Pathology 116:273-290 DOI 10.1016/S0021-9975(97)80003-5.
    • (1997) Journal of Comparative Pathology , vol.116 , pp. 273-290
    • Hemsley, S.1    Canfield, P.2
  • 23
    • 4444289270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of anti-bovine IL4 and IFN gamma antibodies to label IL4 and IFN gamma in lymphocytes of the koala and brushtail possum Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
    • Higgins DP, Hemsley S, Canfield PJ. 2004. Assessment of anti-bovine IL4 and IFN gamma antibodies to label IL4 and IFN gamma in lymphocytes of the koala and brushtail possum Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 101:153-160 DOI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.04.014.
    • (2004) , vol.101 , pp. 153-160
    • Higgins, D.P.1    Hemsley, S.2    Canfield, P.J.3
  • 24
    • 23844453854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immuno-histochemical demonstration of the role of Chlamydiaceae in renal, uterine and salpingeal disease of the koala, and demonstration of Chlamydiaceae in novel sites
    • Higgins DP, Hemsley S, Canfield PJ. 2005. Immuno-histochemical demonstration of the role of Chlamydiaceae in renal, uterine and salpingeal disease of the koala, and demonstration of Chlamydiaceae in novel sites. Journal of Comparative Pathology 133:164-174 DOI 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.04.005.
    • (2005) Journal of Comparative Pathology , vol.133 , pp. 164-174
    • Higgins, D.P.1    Hemsley, S.2    Canfield, P.J.3
  • 26
    • 0029846656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T helper type-1 (Th1)/Th2 profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); responses to antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis in subjects with severe trachomatous scarring
    • Holland M, Bailey R, Conway D, Culley F, Miranpuri G, Byrne G,Whittle H,Mabey D. 1996. T helper type-1 (Th1)/Th2 profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); responses to antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis in subjects with severe trachomatous scarring. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 105:429-436 DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-792.x.
    • (1996) Clinical and Experimental Immunology , vol.105 , pp. 429-436
    • Holland, M.1    Bailey, R.2    Conway, D.3    Culley, F.4    Miranpuri, G.5    Byrne, G.6    Whittle, H.7    Mabey, D.8
  • 27
    • 0030971242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift during the course of HIV-1 infection using cytoplasmic cytokine detection on single cell level by flow cytometry
    • Klein SA, Dobmeyer JM, Dobmeyer TS, Pape M, Ottmann OG, Helm EB, Hoelzer D, Rossol R. 1997. Demonstration of the Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift during the course of HIV-1 infection using cytoplasmic cytokine detection on single cell level by flow cytometry. AIDS 11:1111-1118 DOI 10.1097/00002030-199709000-00005.
    • (1997) AIDS , vol.11 , pp. 1111-1118
    • Klein, S.A.1    Dobmeyer, J.M.2    Dobmeyer, T.S.3    Pape, M.4    Ottmann, O.G.5    Helm, E.B.6    Hoelzer, D.7    Rossol, R.8
  • 28
    • 84857452309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination of healthy and diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with a Chlamydia pecorum multi-subunit vaccine: evaluation of immunity and pathology
    • Kollipara A, George C, Hanger J, Loader J, Polkinghorne A, Beagley K, Timms P. 2012. Vaccination of healthy and diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with a Chlamydia pecorum multi-subunit vaccine: evaluation of immunity and pathology. Vaccine 30:1875-1885 DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.125.
    • (2012) Vaccine , vol.30 , pp. 1875-1885
    • Kollipara, A.1    George, C.2    Hanger, J.3    Loader, J.4    Polkinghorne, A.5    Beagley, K.6    Timms, P.7
  • 29
    • 0026047282 scopus 로고
    • Role of L3T4-bearing T-cell populations in experimental murine chlamydial salpingitis
    • Landers DV, Erlich K, Sung M, Schachter J. 1991. Role of L3T4-bearing T-cell populations in experimental murine chlamydial salpingitis. Infection and Immunity 59:3774-3777.
    • (1991) Infection and Immunity , vol.59 , pp. 3774-3777
    • Landers, D.V.1    Erlich, K.2    Sung, M.3    Schachter, J.4
  • 30
  • 31
    • 59249090246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effects of immunosuppressants on human immunity using cytokine profiles of whole blood
    • Liu Z, Yuan X, Luo Y, He Y, Jiang Y, Chen ZK, Sun E. 2009. Evaluating the effects of immunosuppressants on human immunity using cytokine profiles of whole blood. Cytokine 45:141-147 DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.003.
    • (2009) Cytokine , vol.45 , pp. 141-147
    • Liu, Z.1    Yuan, X.2    Luo, Y.3    He, Y.4    Jiang, Y.5    Chen, Z.K.6    Sun, E.7
  • 33
    • 34247526653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of fire and dogs on koalas at Port Stephens, New SouthWales, using population viability analysis
    • Lunney D, Gresser S, O'Neill LE,Matthews A, Rhodes J. 2007. The impact of fire and dogs on koalas at Port Stephens, New SouthWales, using population viability analysis. Pacific Conservation Biology 13:189.
    • (2007) Pacific Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 189
    • Lunney, D.1    Gresser, S.2    O'Neill, L.E.3    Matthews, A.4    Rhodes, J.5
  • 35
    • 33846811580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor the shedding and treatment of chlamydiae in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
    • Markey B,Wan C, Hanger J, Phillips C, Timms P. 2007. Use of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor the shedding and treatment of chlamydiae in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Veterinary Microbiology 120:334-342 DOI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.11.022.
    • (2007) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.120 , pp. 334-342
    • Markey, B.1    Wan, C.2    Hanger, J.3    Phillips, C.4    Timms, P.5
  • 37
    • 84875097291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary characterisation of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 responses to Chlamydia pecorum infection in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
    • Mathew M, Beagley KW, Timms P, Polkinghorne A. 2013a. Preliminary characterisation of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 responses to Chlamydia pecorum infection in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). PLoS ONE 8:e59958 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0059958.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Mathew, M.1    Beagley, K.W.2    Timms, P.3    Polkinghorne, A.4
  • 38
    • 84881542163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of Interferon gamma in response to natural Chlamydia infection in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus
    • Mathew M, Pavasovic A, Prentis PJ, Beagley KW, Timms P, Polkinghorne A. 2013b.Molecular characterisation and expression analysis of Interferon gamma in response to natural Chlamydia infection in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. Gene 527:570-577 DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.019.
    • (2013) Gene , vol.527 , pp. 570-577
    • Mathew, M.1    Pavasovic, A.2    Prentis, P.J.3    Beagley, K.W.4    Timms, P.5    Polkinghorne, A.6
  • 39
    • 0034115046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview, critical assessment, and conservation implications of koala distribution and abundance
    • Melzer A, Carrick F,Menkhorst P, Lunney D, John BS. 2000. Overview, critical assessment, and conservation implications of koala distribution and abundance. Conservation Biology 14:619-628 DOI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99383.x.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 619-628
    • Melzer, A.1    Carrick, F.2    Menkhorst, P.3    Lunney, D.4    John, B.S.5
  • 41
    • 0020745085 scopus 로고
    • Causes of mortality and morbidity of wild koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Victoria, Australia
    • Obendorf DL. 1983. Causes of mortality and morbidity of wild koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Victoria, Australia. Journal ofWildlife Diseases 19:123-131 DOI 10.7589/0090-3558-19.2.123.
    • (1983) Journal ofWildlife Diseases , vol.19 , pp. 123-131
    • Obendorf, D.L.1
  • 43
    • 0031112653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis is mediated by Thelper 1 cells through IFN-gamma-dependent and -independent pathways
    • Perry LL, Feilzer K, Caldwell HD. 1997. Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis is mediated by Thelper 1 cells through IFN-gamma-dependent and -independent pathways. The Journal of Immunology 158:3344-3352.
    • (1997) The Journal of Immunology , vol.158 , pp. 3344-3352
    • Perry, L.L.1    Feilzer, K.2    Caldwell, H.D.3
  • 44
    • 0026654595 scopus 로고
    • Internalization, lysosomal degradation and new synthesis of surface membrane CD4 in phorbol ester-activated Tlymphocytes and U-937 cells
    • DOI 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90360-K
    • Petersen CM, Christensen EI, Andresen BS, MØller B. 1992. Internalization, lysosomal degradation and new synthesis of surface membrane CD4 in phorbol ester-activated T-lymphocytes and U-937 cells. Experimental Cell Research 201:160-173 DOI 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90360-K.
    • (1992) Experimental Cell Research , vol.201 , pp. 160-173
    • Petersen, C.M.1    Christensen, E.I.2    Andresen, B.S.3    Møller, B.4
  • 45
    • 84892971575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas
    • Polkinghorne A, Hanger J, Timms P. 2013. Recent advances in understanding the biology, epidemiology and control of chlamydial infections in koalas. Veterinary Microbiology 165:214-223 DOI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.02.026.
    • (2013) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.165 , pp. 214-223
    • Polkinghorne, A.1    Hanger, J.2    Timms, P.3
  • 47
    • 79951812240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using integrated population modelling to quantify the implications of multiple threatening processes for a rapidly declining population
    • Rhodes JR, Ng CF, de Villiers DL, Preece HJ,McAlpine CA, Possingham HP. 2011. Using integrated population modelling to quantify the implications of multiple threatening processes for a rapidly declining population. Biological Conservation 144:1081-1088 DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.12.027.
    • (2011) Biological Conservation , vol.144 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Rhodes, J.R.1    Ng, C.F.2    De Villiers, D.L.3    Preece, H.J.4    McAlpine, C.A.5    Possingham, H.P.6
  • 49
    • 0033118516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of intracytoplasmic Th1 and Th2 cytokine production assessed by flow cytometry following in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Rostaing L, Tkaczuk J, Durand M, Peres C, Durand D, de Préval C, Ohayon E, Abbal M. 1999. Kinetics of intracytoplasmic Th1 and Th2 cytokine production assessed by flow cytometry following in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytometry 35:318-328 DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19990401)35:4<318::AID-CYTO4>3.0.CO;2-4.
    • (1999) Cytometry , vol.35 , pp. 318-328
    • Rostaing, L.1    Tkaczuk, J.2    Durand, M.3    Peres, C.4    Durand, D.5    De Préval, C.6    Ohayon, E.7    Abbal, M.8
  • 50
    • 0001813139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primer3 on theWWWfor general users and for biologist programmers
    • Rozen S, Skaletsky H. 2000. Primer3 on theWWWfor general users and for biologist programmers. Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols 695:365-386.
    • (2000) Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols , vol.695 , pp. 365-386
    • Rozen, S.1    Skaletsky, H.2
  • 51
    • 44949231424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method
    • Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. 2008. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nature Protocols 3:1101-1108 DOI 10.1038/nprot.2008.73.
    • (2008) Nature Protocols , vol.3 , pp. 1101-1108
    • Schmittgen, T.D.1    Livak, K.J.2
  • 52
    • 81355139117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-driven change in wildlife distribution and numbers: a case study of koalas in south west Queensland
    • Seabrook L,McAlpine C, Baxter G, Rhodes J, Bradley A, Lunney D. 2011. Drought-driven change in wildlife distribution and numbers: a case study of koalas in south west Queensland. Wildlife Research 38:509-524 DOI 10.1071/WR11064.
    • (2011) Wildlife Research , vol.38 , pp. 509-524
    • Seabrook, L.1    McAlpine, C.2    Baxter, G.3    Rhodes, J.4    Bradley, A.5    Lunney, D.6
  • 55
    • 0029162732 scopus 로고
    • CD4 C T cells play a significant role in adoptive immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the mouse genital tract
    • Su H, Caldwell HD. 1995. CD4 C T cells play a significant role in adoptive immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the mouse genital tract. Infection and Immunity 63:3302-3308.
    • (1995) Infection and Immunity , vol.63 , pp. 3302-3308
    • Su, H.1    Caldwell, H.D.2
  • 57
    • 14744286044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the endogenous koala retrovirus reveals an association between plasma viral load and neoplastic disease in koalas
    • Tarlinton R,Meers J, Hanger J, Young P. 2005. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the endogenous koala retrovirus reveals an association between plasma viral load and neoplastic disease in koalas. Journal of General Virology 86:783-787 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.80547-0.
    • (2005) Journal of General Virology , vol.86 , pp. 783-787
    • Tarlinton, R.1    Meers, J.2    Hanger, J.3    Young, P.4
  • 59
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTALW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. 1994. CLUSTALW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22:4673-4680 DOI 10.1093/nar/22.22.4673.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 61
    • 85077276043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput primer and probe design
    • Wang X, Seed B. 2006. High-throughput primer and probe design. Real-time PCR 1:93-106.
    • (2006) Real-time PCR , vol.1 , pp. 93-106
    • Wang, X.1    Seed, B.2
  • 62
    • 0029588514 scopus 로고
    • Identification of koala T lymphocytes using an anti-human CD3 antibody
    • Wilkinson R, Barton M, Kotlarski I. 1995. Identification of koala T lymphocytes using an anti-human CD3 antibody. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 19:537-545 DOI 10.1016/0145-305X(95)00023-M.
    • (1995) Developmental & Comparative Immunology , vol.19 , pp. 537-545
    • Wilkinson, R.1    Barton, M.2    Kotlarski, I.3
  • 66
    • 52649167708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults
    • Zhu J, Paul WE. 2008. CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults. Blood 112:1557-1569 DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-05-078154.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 1557-1569
    • Zhu, J.1    Paul, W.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.