Coming to grips with scientific ignorance in the governance of endocrine disrupting chemicals and nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 38, Issue , 2014, Pages 154-163

  Honkela, Nina ^a   Toikka, Arho ^a   Hukkinen, Janne ^a   Honkela, Timo ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^b AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Double bind; Ignorance; New technologies; Phronesis

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894351987     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: 18736416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.006     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Baker T., Simon J. Embracing Risk: The Changing Culture of Insurance and Responsibility 2002, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
2. Baron R.A., Ensley M.D. Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns: evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs. Management Science 2006, 52(9):1331-1344.
3. Bateson G. Steps to an Ecology of Mind 1972, Ballantine Book, New York.
4. Bateson M.C. The double bind: pathology and creativity. Cybernetics and Human Knowing 2005, 12:11-21.
5. Callon M., Lascoumes P., Barthe Y. Acting in an Uncertain World: An Essay on Technical Democracy 2001, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
6. Colborn T., Dumanoski D., Myers J.P. Our Stolen Future: Are We Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival? A Scientific Detective Story 1996, Penguin, New York.
7. Collins H.M., Evans R. The third wave of science studies: studies of expertise and experience. Social Studies of Science 2002, 32(2):235-296.
8. Dreyfus H.L., Dreyfus S.E., Athanasiou T. Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer 1986, The Free Press, New York.
9. Dreyfus H.L., Dreyfus S.E. Expertise in real world contexts. Organization Studies 2005, 26(5):779-792.
10. European Commission Press Release. What is a "nanomaterial"? European Commission breaks new ground with a common definition 2011, EC, European Commission, October 18.
11. A little risky business 2007, Economist, Economist, November 22.
12. Ellis R. Jizz and the joy of pattern recognition: virtuosity, discipline and the agency of insight in UK naturalists' arts of seeing. Social Studies of Science 2011, 46(6):769-790.
13. Flyvbjerg B. Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
14. Godduhn A., Duffy L.K. Multi-generation health risks of persistent organic pollution in the far north: use of the precautionary approach in the Stockholm convention. Environmental Science and Policy 2003, 6(4):341-353.
15. Goffman E. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience 1974, Harper and Row, London.
16. Hansen S.F., Carlsen L., Tickner J.A. Chemical regulation and precaution: does REACH really incorporate the precautionary principle. Environmental Science and Policy 2006, 10:395-404.
17. Hansen S.F., Maynard A., Baun A., Tickner J.A. Late lessons for early warnings for nanotechnology. Nature Nanotechnology 2008, 3:444-447.
18. Hargreaves T. Temporality and prudence: on stem cells as "phronesic things". Geoforum 2012, 43:315-324.
19. Harremoes P., Gee D., MacGarvin M., Stirling A., Keys J., Wynne B., et al. Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896-2000. Environmental issue report no. 22/2001 2001, OPCE (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities), Copenhagen.
20. Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 354:56-58.
21. Jamison A. The Making of Green Knowledge: Environmental Politics and Cultural Transformation 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
22. Janasik N., Salmi O., Castán Broto V. Levels of learning in environmental expertise: from generalism to personally indexed specialisation. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 2010, 7(4):297-313.
23. Jasanoff S. The songlines of risk. Environmental Values 1999, 8:135-152.
24. Krimsky S. Hormonal Chaos: The Scientific and Social Origins of the Environmental Endocrine Hypothesis 2000, John Hopkings, Baltimore/London.
25. Lam C.-W., et al. A review of carbon nanotube toxicity and assessment of potential occupational and environmental health risks. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2006, 36:189-217.
26. Levidow L., Carr S. GM crops on trial: technological development as a real-world experiment. Futures 2006, 39:408-431.
27. Maynard A. About 2020science 2008, Science. http://science.org/about/.
28. Maynard A. Confessions of a "media hog" 2009, Science. http://2020science.org/.
29. Maynard A. Asbestos-like nanomaterials - should we be concerned? 2009, Science. http://2020science.org/.
30. Maynard A. Don't define nanomaterials: comment. Nature 2011, 475:31.
31. Maynard A. EC adopts cross-cutting definition of nanomaterials to be used for all regulatory purposes 2011, Science. http://2020science.org/.
32. Maynard A. Why we don't need a regulatory definition for nanomaterial 2011, University of Michigan Risk Science. http://umrscblogs.org/.
33. Maynard A., Bowman D.M., Hodge G.A. Conclusions: triggers, gaps, risks and trust. International Handbook on Regulating Nanotechnologies 2010, 573-586. Edward Elgar, Cheltenhan. G.A. Hodge, D.M. Bowman, A. Maynard (Eds.).
34. Maynard A., Warheit, David B., Philbert M.A. The new toxicology of sophisticated materials: nanotoxicology and beyond. Toxicological Sciences 2011, 120:S109-S129.
35. Michael M., Wainwright S., Williams C. Temporality and prudence: on stem cells as "phronesic things". Configurations 2007, 13(3):373-394.
36. McCarthy E., Kelty C. Responsibility and nanotechnology. Social Studies of Science 2010, 40(3):405-432.
37. Monthioux M., Kuznetsov V.L. Who should be given credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?. Carbon 2006, 44:1621-1623.
38. O'Malley P. Risk, Uncertainty and Government 2004, Cavendish Press/Glasshouse, London.
39. Reinterpreting the Precautionary Principle 2001, Cameron May, London. T. O'Riordan, J. Cameron, A.J. Jordan (Eds.).
40. Radushkevich L.V., Lukyanovich V.M. O strukture ugleroda, obrazujucegosja pri termiceskom razlozenii okisi ugleroda na zeleznom kontakte. Zurn Fisic Chim 1952, 26:88-95.
41. Renn O. Risk Governance. Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World 2008, Earthscan, London.
42. Rheinberger H.-J. Toward a History of Epistemic Things. Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube 1997, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
43. RIP-oN 1 REACH Implementation Project. Substance Identification of Nanomaterials 2011, European Commission Joint Research Centre.
44. Roberts J. New Chemical Bodies: A Conversation on Human Biomonitoring and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals 2008, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelpia.
45. Risk Assessment of Products of Nanotechnologies 2009, SCENIHR, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Opinion.
46. Part 1: Summary of the State of the Science, 2nd Interim Report 2011, State of the Art Assessment on Endocrine Disruptors, State of the Art Assessment on Endocrine Disruptors.
47. Star S.L., Griesemer J.R. Institutional ecology, 'translations' and boundary objects: amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. Social Studies of Science 1989, 19(3):387-420.
48. Stirling A., Gee D. Science, precaution and practice. Public Health Reports 2002, 117:521-533.
49. Thayer A.M. Carbon nanotubes by the metric ton: anticipating new commercial applications, producers increase capacity. Chemical & Engineering News 2007, 85:29-35.
50. Tognetti S. Science in a double-bind: Gregory Bateson and the origins of post-normal science. Futures 1999, 31:7.
51. Tørsløv J., Slothus T., Christiansen S. Endocrine disrupters - developing criteria. TemaNord 2011, 2011:536.
52. Tørsløv J., Slothus T., Christiansen S. Endocrine disrupters - combination effects. TemaNord 2011, 2011:537.
53. van Egmond S., Bal R. Boundary configurations in science policy: modeling practices in health care. Social Studies of Science 2011, 38(1):108-130.
54. Vogel J. Tunnel vision: the regulation of endocrine disrupters. Policy Sciences 2004, 37(3-4):277-303.
55. Warheit D.B., Laurence B.R., Reed K.L., Roach D.H., Reynolds G.A.M., Webb T.R. Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicological Sciences 2004, 77:117-125.
56. Wynne B. May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert-lay knowledge divide. Risk, Environment and Modernity: Towards a New Ecology 1996, 27-43. Sage, London. C. Lash, B. Szerszynski, B. Wynne (Eds.).
57. Wynne B. Creating public alienation: expert cultures of risk and ethics of GMOs. Science as Culture 2001, 4:445-481.