메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 128, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 233-251

Legislating a Woman’s Seat on the Board: Institutional Factors Driving Gender Quotas for Boards of Directors

Author keywords

Board gender codes; Board gender quotas; Corporate governance; Gender equality; Left leaning political coalitions; Path dependency; Publicly traded firms; State owned enterprises; Welfare state

Indexed keywords


EID: 84894277629     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: 15730697     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-014-2083-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (414)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 84907900606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From female labor force participation to boardroom gender diversity, Working paper:
    • Adams, R. B., & Kirchmeier, T. (2013). Making it to the top: From female labor force participation to boardroom gender diversity. Working paper.
    • (2013) Making it to the top
    • Adams, R.B.1    Kirchmeier, T.2
  • 2
    • 1842482495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spread of codes of good governance worldwide: What’s the trigger?
    • Aguilera, R. V., & Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2004). The spread of codes of good governance worldwide: What’s the trigger? Organization Studies,25(3), 415–443.
    • (2004) Organization Studies , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-443
    • Aguilera, R.V.1    Cuervo-Cazurra, A.2
  • 5
    • 84879084182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation and comparative corporate governance regulation
    • Wright M, Siegel DS, Keasey K, Filatotchev I, (eds), Oxford University Press, Oxford:
    • Aguilera, R. V., Goyer, M., & Kabbach de Castro, L. R. (2013). Regulation and comparative corporate governance regulation. In M. Wright, D. S. Siegel, K. Keasey, & I. Filatotchev (Eds.), Handbook of corporate governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2013) Handbook of corporate governance
    • Aguilera, R.V.1    Goyer, M.2    Kabbach de Castro, L.R.3
  • 6
    • 0038711743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cross-national diversity of corporate governance: Dimensions and determinants
    • Aguilera, R. V., & Jackson, G. (2003). The cross-national diversity of corporate governance: Dimensions and determinants. Academy of Management Review,28(3), 365–447.
    • (2003) Academy of Management Review , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 365-447
    • Aguilera, R.V.1    Jackson, G.2
  • 7
    • 33646437234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. A comparative analysis of the UK and the US
    • Aguilera, R. V., Williams, C., Conley, J., & Rupp, D. (2006). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. A comparative analysis of the UK and the US. Corporate Governance: An International Review,14(3), 147–157.
    • (2006) Corporate Governance: An International Review , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 147-157
    • Aguilera, R.V.1    Williams, C.2    Conley, J.3    Rupp, D.4
  • 8
    • 84856951625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation
    • Ahern, K. R., & Dittmar, A. K. (2012). The changing of the boards: The impact on firm valuation of mandated female board representation. Quarterly Journal of Economics,127(1), 137–197.
    • (2012) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.127 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-197
    • Ahern, K.R.1    Dittmar, A.K.2
  • 9
    • 33750336691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare-state retrenchment: The partisan effect revisited
    • Amable, B., Gatti, D., & Schumacher, J. (2006). Welfare-state retrenchment: The partisan effect revisited. Oxford Review of Economic Policy,22(3), 426–444.
    • (2006) Oxford Review of Economic Policy , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 426-444
    • Amable, B.1    Gatti, D.2    Schumacher, J.3
  • 10
    • 4043112853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ultimate glass ceiling revisited: The presence of women on corporate boards
    • Arfken, D. E., Bellar, S. L., & Helms, M. M. (2004). The ultimate glass ceiling revisited: The presence of women on corporate boards. Journal of Business Ethics,50(2), 177–186.
    • (2004) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-186
    • Arfken, D.E.1    Bellar, S.L.2    Helms, M.M.3
  • 11
    • 84858405919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Watchdog or lapdog? A behavioral view of the media as a corporate governance mechanism
    • Bednar, M. (2012). Watchdog or lapdog? A behavioral view of the media as a corporate governance mechanism. Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 131–150.
    • (2012) Academy of Management Journal , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-150
    • Bednar, M.1
  • 12
    • 33846644885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate governance: What can we learn from public governance?
    • Benz, M., & Frey, B. S. (2007). Corporate governance: What can we learn from public governance? Academy of Management Review,32(1), 92–104.
    • (2007) Academy of Management Review , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-104
    • Benz, M.1    Frey, B.S.2
  • 13
    • 33644900713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between women corporate directors and women corporate officers
    • Bilimoria, D. (2006). The relationship between women corporate directors and women corporate officers. Journal of Managerial Issues,18(1), 47–61.
    • (2006) Journal of Managerial Issues , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-61
    • Bilimoria, D.1
  • 16
    • 84880078901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiatives to place women on corporate boards of directors, Legal Studies Research Paper Series:
    • Branson, D. M. (2012). An Australian perspective on a global phenomenon: Initiatives to place women on corporate boards of directors. Legal Studies Research Paper Series.
    • (2012) An Australian perspective on a global phenomenon
    • Branson, D.M.1
  • 18
    • 85016695489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012). Current employment statistics. Retrieved Aug 4
    • Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012). Current employment statistics. http://www.bls.gov/ces/. Retrieved Aug 4.
  • 20
    • 85016674848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal at Deutsche Telecom: More women as managers. Retrieved March 15, 2010
    • Clark, N. (2010). Goal at Deutsche Telecom: More women as managers. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/16/business/global/16quota.html.
    • (2010) from
    • Clark, N.1
  • 21
    • 85139715396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Welfare state regimes and industrial relations systems: The questionable role of path dependency theory
    • Ebbingshaus B, Manow P, (eds), Routledge, London:
    • Crouch, C. (2001). Welfare state regimes and industrial relations systems: The questionable role of path dependency theory. In B. Ebbingshaus & P. Manow (Eds.), Comparing welfare capitalism: Social policy and political economy in Europe, Japan and the USA (pp. 105–124). London: Routledge.
    • (2001) Comparing welfare capitalism: Social policy and political economy in Europe, Japan and the USA , pp. 105-124
    • Crouch, C.1
  • 22
    • 85016677439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gabrielsens kvinner
    • Dagens Næringsliv. (2002). Gabrielsens kvinner. 8/4.
    • (2002) 8/4
    • Næringsliv, D.1
  • 25
    • 84855949246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Davies report.), London, UK government:
    • Davies (of Abersoch), L. (2011). Women on boards. (The Davies report.) London, UK government.
    • (2011) Women on boards
  • 26
    • 85016698244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women on boards. Second progress report, London, UK government:
    • Davies (of Abersoch), L. (2013). Women on boards. Second progress report. London, UK government.
    • (2013)
  • 27
    • 40949142299 scopus 로고
    • An economic theory of political action in a democracy
    • Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of political action in a democracy. Journal of Political Economy,65(2), 135–150.
    • (1957) Journal of Political Economy , vol.65 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-150
    • Downs, A.1
  • 28
    • 85016680821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • aJuly, Still lonely at the top, The Economist:
    • Economist. (2011a, July 21). Still lonely at the top. The Economist.
    • (2011) 21)
  • 29
    • 85016657799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • bJuly, The wrong way to promote women, The Economist:
    • Economist. (2011b, July 21). The wrong way to promote women. The Economist.
    • (2011) 21)
  • 32
    • 85016702174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different approaches across Europe, Working paper:
    • European Commission. (2011). The quota-instrument: Different approaches across Europe. Working paper.
    • (2011) The quota-instrument
  • 33
    • 85016694375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women in economic decision-making in the EU: Progress report. A Europe 2020 initiative
    • European Commission. (2012). Women in economic decision-making in the EU: Progress report. A Europe 2020 initiative. European Union.
    • (2012) European Union
  • 34
    • 85016657312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and men in leadership positions in the European Union: A review of the situation and recent progress. European Union
    • European Commission. (2013). Women and men in leadership positions in the European Union 2013: A review of the situation and recent progress. European Union.
    • (2013) (2013)
  • 35
    • 85016666589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Corporate Governance Institute. (2013). Retrieved June 2
    • European Corporate Governance Institute. (2013). http://www.ecgi.org/. Retrieved June 2.
  • 36
    • 85016661558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eurostat. (2012). Key data on education. Retrieved May 23
    • Eurostat. (2012). Key data on education. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code=978-92-9201-242-7. Retrieved May 23.
  • 38
    • 70350374831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nordic countries: An incremental model
    • Dahlerup D, (ed), 10, Taylor & Francis, London:
    • Freidenvall, L., Dahlerup, D., & Skjeie, H. (2006). The Nordic countries: An incremental model. In D. Dahlerup (Ed.), Women, quotas and politics (Vol. 10). London: Taylor & Francis.
    • (2006) Women, quotas and politics
    • Freidenvall, L.1    Dahlerup, D.2    Skjeie, H.3
  • 39
    • 85016655850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamb, M: GMI ratings’ women on boards survey
    • Gladman, K. & Lamb, M. (2012). GMI ratings’ women on boards survey.
    • (2012)
    • Gladman, K.1
  • 40
    • 84982964926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spain on the Norwegian pathway: Towards a gender-balanced presence of women on corporate boards
    • Fagan C, González Menéndez MC, Gómez Anson S, (eds), Palgrave MacMillan, Chippenham, UK:
    • González Menéndez, M. C., & Martínez González, L. (2012). Spain on the Norwegian pathway: Towards a gender-balanced presence of women on corporate boards. In C. Fagan, M. C. González Menéndez, & S. Gómez Anson (Eds.), Women on corporate boards and in top management: European trends and policy (pp. 169–197). Chippenham, UK: Palgrave MacMillan.
    • (2012) Women on corporate boards and in top management: European trends and policy , pp. 169-197
    • González Menéndez, M.C.1    Martínez González, L.2
  • 41
    • 0030850196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supporting the employment of mothers: Policy variation across fourteen welfare states
    • Gornick, J. C., Meyers, M. K., & Ross, K. E. (1997). Supporting the employment of mothers: Policy variation across fourteen welfare states. Journal of European Social Policy,7(1), 45–70.
    • (1997) Journal of European Social Policy , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-70
    • Gornick, J.C.1    Meyers, M.K.2    Ross, K.E.3
  • 42
    • 85016707590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government Administration Services. (2011). [Prime Minister] Kjell Magne Bondevik’s second government. Oslo, Norway. Retrieved Aug 8
    • Government Administration Services. (2011). [Prime Minister] Kjell Magne Bondevik’s second government. Oslo, Norway. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/the-government/previous-governments.html?id=85847. Retrieved Aug 8.
  • 43
    • 85016706370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Government of the Netherlands. (2007). Coalition agreement. Retrieved May 9
    • Government of the Netherlands. (2007). Coalition agreement. http://www.government.nl/Government/Previous_governments/Balkenende_IV_Government/Coalition_agreement. Retrieved May 9.
  • 44
    • 85050421305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of path dependence in political studies
    • Greener, I. (2005). The potential of path dependence in political studies. Politics,25(1), 62–72.
    • (2005) Politics , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-72
    • Greener, I.1
  • 45
    • 79952137214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National institutional systems as antecedents of female board representation: An empirical study
    • Grosvold, J., & Brammer, S. (2011). National institutional systems as antecedents of female board representation: An empirical study. Corporate Governance: An International Review,19(2), 116–135.
    • (2011) Corporate Governance: An International Review , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 116-135
    • Grosvold, J.1    Brammer, S.2
  • 47
    • 4544288142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrinking welfare states? Comparing maternity leave benefits and child care programs in European Union and North American welfare states, 1985–2000
    • Henderson, A., & White, L. A. (2004). Shrinking welfare states? Comparing maternity leave benefits and child care programs in European Union and North American welfare states, 1985–2000. Journal of European Public Policy,11(3), 497–529.
    • (2004) Journal of European Public Policy , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 497-529
    • Henderson, A.1    White, L.A.2
  • 48
    • 84972959926 scopus 로고
    • Political parties and macroeconomic policy
    • Hibbs, D. A, Jr. (1977). Political parties and macroeconomic policy. American Political Science Review,71(4), 1467–1487.
    • (1977) American Political Science Review , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 1467-1487
    • Hibbs, D.A.1
  • 49
    • 0034147825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change
    • Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies,37(2), 235–255.
    • (2000) Journal of Management Studies , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-255
    • Hillman, A.J.1    Cannella, A.A.2    Paetzold, R.L.3
  • 51
    • 38949124735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management
    • Hitt, M. A., Beamish, P. W., Jackson, S. E., & Mathieu, J. E. (2007). Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management. Academy of Management Journal,50(6), 1385–1399.
    • (2007) Academy of Management Journal , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 1385-1399
    • Hitt, M.A.1    Beamish, P.W.2    Jackson, S.E.3    Mathieu, J.E.4
  • 52
    • 85016657409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Huse, M. (2011). The golden skirts: Changes in board composition following gender quotas on corporate boards. In Australian and New Zealand Academy Meeting, Wellington, NZ
    • Huse, M. (2011). The golden skirts: Changes in board composition following gender quotas on corporate boards. In Australian and New Zealand Academy Meeting, Wellington, NZ
  • 53
    • 77953700226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women and employee-elected board members, and their contributions to board control tasks
    • Huse, M., Nielsen, S. T., & Hagen, I. M. (2009). Women and employee-elected board members, and their contributions to board control tasks. Journal of Business Ethics,89(4), 581–597.
    • (2009) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.89 , Issue.4 , pp. 581-597
    • Huse, M.1    Nielsen, S.T.2    Hagen, I.M.3
  • 54
    • 0035539527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left-right party ideology and government policies: A meta-analysis
    • Imbeau, L., Petry, F., & Lamari, M. (2001). Left-right party ideology and government policies: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Political Research,40(5), 1–29.
    • (2001) European Journal of Political Research , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-29
    • Imbeau, L.1    Petry, F.2    Lamari, M.3
  • 56
    • 85016675830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aeon sets 50 % female manager goal. Retrieved May 18, 2013
    • Japan Times. (2013). Aeon sets 50 % female manager goal. Retrieved May 18, 2013, from http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/05/18/business/aeon-sets-50-female-manager-goal/#.UcR1MNj4JIM.
    • (2013) from
    • Times, J.1
  • 57
    • 0001357907 scopus 로고
    • An integrating framework for research in business and society: A step toward the elusive paradigm?
    • Jones, T. M. (1983). An integrating framework for research in business and society: A step toward the elusive paradigm? Academy of Management Review,8(4), 559–564.
    • (1983) Academy of Management Review , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 559-564
    • Jones, T.M.1
  • 58
    • 85016698101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • October, Europe postpones vote on gender quota plan, New York Times:
    • Kanter, J. (2012, October 23). Europe postpones vote on gender quota plan. New York Times.
    • (2012) 23)
    • Kanter, J.1
  • 59
    • 28244456262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of the use of path dependency in policy studies
    • Kay, A. (2005). A critique of the use of path dependency in policy studies. Public Administration,83(3), 553–571.
    • (2005) Public Administration , vol.83 , Issue.3 , pp. 553-571
    • Kay, A.1
  • 61
    • 0002450969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model, a method, and a map: Rational choice in comparative and historical analysis
    • Zuckerman AS, Lichbach MI, (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:
    • Levi, M. (1997). A model, a method, and a map: Rational choice in comparative and historical analysis. In A. S. Zuckerman & M. I. Lichbach (Eds.), Comparative politics: Rationality, culture, and structure (pp. 19–41). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1997) Comparative politics: Rationality, culture, and structure , pp. 19-41
    • Levi, M.1
  • 63
    • 33645136053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A welfare state paradox: State interventions and women’s employment opportunities in 22 countries
    • Mandel, H., & Semyonov, M. (2006). A welfare state paradox: State interventions and women’s employment opportunities in 22 countries. American Journal of Sociology,111(6), 1910–1949.
    • (2006) American Journal of Sociology , vol.111 , Issue.6 , pp. 1910-1949
    • Mandel, H.1    Semyonov, M.2
  • 64
    • 0001981449 scopus 로고
    • Ontology and rationalization in the Western cultural account
    • Thomas G, Meyer JW, Ramirez FO, Boli J, (eds), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA:
    • Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., & Thomas, G. (1987). Ontology and rationalization in the Western cultural account. In G. Thomas, J. W. Meyer, F. O. Ramirez, & J. Boli (Eds.), Institutional structure (pp. 12–37). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1987) Institutional structure , pp. 12-37
    • Meyer, J.W.1    Boli, J.2    Thomas, G.3
  • 66
    • 85016653279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nellie McClung Foundation. (2013). History of women’s rights [in Canada and Québec]. Retrieved July 16
    • Nellie McClung Foundation. (2013). Historyof women’s rights [in Canada and Québec]. http://www.ournellie.com/womens-suffrage/history-of-womens-rights. Retrieved July 16.
  • 68
    • 85016679849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OECD. (2006). Early childhood education and care. OECD Publishing: Paris. Retrieved July 24
    • OECD. (2006). Early childhood education and care. OECD Publishing: Paris. http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/37425999.pdf. Retrieved July 24.
  • 69
    • 78650282354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editor’s comments: The challenges of building theory by combining lenses
    • Okhuysen, G., & Bonardi, J.-P. (2011). Editor’s comments: The challenges of building theory by combining lenses. Academy of Management Review,36(1), 6–11.
    • (2011) Academy of Management Review , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-11
    • Okhuysen, G.1    Bonardi, J.-P.2
  • 70
    • 0003184710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender in the welfare state
    • Orloff, A. (1996). Gender in the welfare state. Annual Review of Sociology,22(1), 51–78.
    • (1996) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-78
    • Orloff, A.1
  • 74
    • 0011597554 scopus 로고
    • Voting and the equilibrium of American political system
    • Burdick E, Brodbeck AJ, (eds), Free Press, Glencoe:
    • Parsons, T. (1959). Voting and the equilibrium of American political system. In E. Burdick & A. J. Brodbeck (Eds.), American voting behavior (pp. 80–120). Glencoe: Free Press.
    • (1959) American voting behavior , pp. 80-120
    • Parsons, T.1
  • 75
    • 85016702997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peacock, L. (2012). Compulsory women on boards quota for Dubai. Telegraph. Retrieved June 29
    • Peacock, L. (2012). Compulsory women on boards quota for Dubai. Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/9733465/Compulsory-women-on-boards-quotas-for-Dubai.html. Retrieved June 29.
  • 76
    • 0034336793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics
    • Pierson, P. (2000). Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics. American Political Science Review,94(2), 251–267.
    • (2000) American Political Science Review , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-267
    • Pierson, P.1
  • 78
    • 85016678865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The route to more women on supervisory boards: an intelligent quota instead of inflexible requirement. Speech to the European Commission
    • Reding, V. (2012). The route to more women on supervisory boards: an intelligent quota instead of inflexible requirement. Speech to the European Commission. November 27.
    • (2012) November , pp. 27
    • Reding, V.1
  • 79
    • 85016705217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regierung Online. (2011). Der Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung geht voran. Retrieved March 6
    • Regierung Online. (2011). Der Ausbau der Kinderbetreuung geht voran. http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_1272/Content/DE/Artikel-/2011/05/2011-05-17-zwischenbericht-kinderf_C3_B6rderungsgesetz.html. Retrieved March 6.
  • 81
    • 34247480030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions
    • Ryan, M. K., & Haslam, S. A. (2007). The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions. Academy of Management Review,32(2), 549–572.
    • (2007) Academy of Management Review , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 549-572
    • Ryan, M.K.1    Haslam, S.A.2
  • 83
    • 0030240845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When parties matter: A review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy
    • Schmidt, M. G. (1996). When parties matter: A review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy. European Journal of Political Research,30(2), 155–183.
    • (1996) European Journal of Political Research , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-183
    • Schmidt, M.G.1
  • 84
    • 67649950650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making quotas work: The effect of gender quota laws on the election of women
    • Schwindt-Bayer, L. A. (2009). Making quotas work: The effect of gender quota laws on the election of women. Legislative Studies Quarterly,34, 5–28.
    • (2009) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.34 , pp. 5-28
    • Schwindt-Bayer, L.A.1
  • 86
    • 84886603315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statsfeminismen møter næringslivet: Om bakgrunnen og gjennombruddet for kjønnskvotering i bedriftsstyrer som politisk reform
    • Sørensen, S. Ø. (2011). Statsfeminismen møter næringslivet: Om bakgrunnen og gjennombruddet for kjønnskvotering i bedriftsstyrer som politisk reform. Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning,2, 102–119.
    • (2011) Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning , vol.2 , pp. 102-119
    • Sørensen, S.Ø.1
  • 87
    • 85016677422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepstone. (2011). Frauenquote unerwünscht (survey)
    • Stepstone. (2011). Frauenquote unerwünscht (survey). http://www.stepstone.de/Ueber-StepStone/presse/frauenquote-unerwuenscht.cfm.
  • 89
    • 69049083696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing gender equality cultures: Elite perceptions of gender equality in Norway and Sweden
    • Teigen, M., & Wängnerud, L. (2009). Tracing gender equality cultures: Elite perceptions of gender equality in Norway and Sweden. Politics & Gender,5(1), 21–44.
    • (2009) Politics & Gender , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-44
    • Teigen, M.1    Wängnerud, L.2
  • 92
    • 54349087562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female presence on corporate boards: A multi-country study of environmental context
    • Terjesen, S., & Singh, V. (2008). Female presence on corporate boards: A multi-country study of environmental context. Journal of Business Ethics,83(1), 55–63.
    • (2008) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.83 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-63
    • Terjesen, S.1    Singh, V.2
  • 93
    • 79961209019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women directors on corporate boards: From tokenism to critical mass
    • Torchia, M., Calabrò, A., & Huse, M. (2011). Women directors on corporate boards: From tokenism to critical mass. Journal of Business Ethics,102(2), 299–317.
    • (2011) Journal of Business Ethics , vol.102 , Issue.2 , pp. 299-317
    • Torchia, M.1    Calabrò, A.2    Huse, M.3
  • 94
    • 85016688211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trautman, L. (2012). Board diversity: Why it matters. Working paper. Retrieved Dec 24
    • Trautman, L. (2012). Board diversity: Why it matters. Working paper. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2047750. Retrieved Dec 24.
  • 95
    • 0003928647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National labour relations in internationalized markets: A comparative study of institutions
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Traxler, F., Blaschke, S., & Kittel, B. (2001). National labour relations in internationalized markets: A comparative study of institutions, change and performance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2001) change and performance
    • Traxler, F.1    Blaschke, S.2    Kittel, B.3
  • 96
    • 0010131177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State feminism and gender equality policies: The case of Spain (1983–1995)
    • Gardiner F, (ed), Routledge, London:
    • Valiente, C. (1997). State feminism and gender equality policies: The case of Spain (1983–1995). In F. Gardiner (Ed.), Sex equality policy in Western Europe. London: Routledge.
    • (1997) Sex equality policy in Western Europe
    • Valiente, C.1
  • 98
    • 84937389034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different types of welfare states? A methodological deconstruction of comparative research
    • Van Voorhis, R. A. (2002) Different types of welfare states? A methodological deconstruction of comparative research. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 29(4), 3–18.
    • (2002) Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 3-18
    • Van Voorhis, R.A.1
  • 99
    • 84888412491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weaving together the normative and regulative roles of government: How the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund’s responsible conduct is shaping firms’ cross-border investments
    • Vasudeva, G. (2013). Weaving together the normative and regulative roles of government: How the Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund’s responsible conduct is shaping firms’ cross-border investments. Organization Science, 24(6), 1662–1682.
    • (2013) Organization Science , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 1662-1682
    • Vasudeva, G.1
  • 100
    • 0034339130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How experience and network ties affect the influence of demographic minorities on corporate boards
    • Westphal, J. D., & Milton, L. P. (2000). How experience and network ties affect the influence of demographic minorities on corporate boards. Administrative Science Quarterly,45, 366–398.
    • (2000) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 366-398
    • Westphal, J.D.1    Milton, L.P.2
  • 101
    • 85016705717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikigender. (2013). Gender Equality. Retrieved Nov 28
    • Wikigender. (2013). Gender Equality. http://www.wikigender.org/index.php/New_Home. Retrieved Nov 28.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.