The Origins of the Ideal Worker: The Separation of Work and Home in the United States From the Market Revolution to 1950

Work and Occupations

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 18-39

  Davies, Andrea Rees ^a   Frink, Brenda D ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

gender; history; ideal worker; separate spheres; work and home

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893963238     PISSN: 07308884     EISSN: 15528464     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0730888413515893     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Anderson K. T.Last hired, first fired: Black women workers during World War II.Journal of American History. 1982;69 (1): 82-97.
2. Berebitsky J.Sex and the office: A history of gender, power, and desire. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2012:.
3. Blair-Loy M.Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2003:.
4. Bodnar J.The transplanted: A history of immigrants in urban America. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press; 1987:.
5. Boris E.Home to work: Motherhood and the politics of industrial homework in the United States. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1994:.
6. Boydston J.Home and work: Housework, wages, and the ideology of labor in the early republic. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1990:.
7. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor. (2013a). Employment characteristics of families, 2012 [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2013/ted_20130430.htm.
8. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor. (2013b). Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t01.htm#cps_empsit_a01.f.1.
9. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), U.S. Department of Labor. (2013c). Happy mother's day from BLS: Working mothers in 2012 [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2013/ted_20130510.htm.
10. Cobble D. S.The other women's movement: Workplace justice and social rights in modern America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2004:.
11. Cott N. F.The bonds of womanhood: "Woman's sphere" in New England, 1780--1835. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1977:.
12. Davis C.Company men: White-collar life and corporate cultures in Los Angeles, 1892--1941. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2000:.
13. Dublin T.Transforming women's work: New England lives in the Industrial Revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 1994:.
14. England K.,Boyer K.Women's work: The feminization and shifting meanings of clerical work.Journal of Social History. 2009;43 (2): 307-340.
15. Ensmenger N.The computer boys take over: Computers, programmers, and the politics of technical expertise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2010:.
16. Escobedo E.From coveralls to zoot suits: The lives of Mexican American women on the World War II home front. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 2013:.
17. Galerstein C.Hollywood's Rosie the Riveter.Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media. 1987;32:20-22.
18. Glass J. L.Blessing or curse? Family responsive policies and mothers' wage growth over time.Work and Occupations. 2004;31 (3): 367-394.
19. Glenn E. N.Forced to care: Coercion and caregiving in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2010:.
20. Goodwin J. L.Gender and the politics of welfare reform: Mothers' pensions in Chicago, 1911-1929. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1997:.
21. Gowin E. B.Developing executive ability. New York, NY: The Ronald Press Company; 1919:.
22. Hammond T. A.A white-collar profession: African American certified public accountants since 1921. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 2002:.
23. Hartmann S. M.Not June Cleaver: Women and gender in postwar America, 1945-1960. Meyerowitz J., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1994:84-102.
24. Hatton E.The temp economy: From Kelly girls to permatemps in postwar America. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 2011:.
25. Hunnicutt B. K.Kellogg's six-hour day. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1996:.
26. Johnson P.A shopkeeper's millennium: Society and revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815-1837. New York, NY: Hill and Wang; 1978:.
27. Johnson P.Sam Patch, the famous jumper. New York, NY: Hill and Wang; 2003:.
28. Kennedy D. M.Freedom from fear: The American people in depression and war. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999:.
29. Kennedy D. M.,Cohen L.,Bailey T. A.The American Pageant. 2002) The American Pageant, 12th ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin; 2002:.
30. Kerber L.Separate spheres, female worlds, women's place: The rhetoric of women's history.The Journal of American History. 1988;75 (1): 9-39.
31. Kessler-Harris A.Out to work: A history of wage-earning women in the United States. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1982:.
32. Kessler-Harris A.In pursuit of equity: Women, men, and the quest for economic citizenship in twentieth-century America. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2001:.
33. Krause P.The battle for homestead, 1880-1892: Politics, culture, and steel. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press; 1992:.
34. Kwolek-Folland A.Engendering business: Men and women in the corporate office, 1870-1930. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1994:.
35. Ladd-Taylor M.Mother-work: Women, child welfare, and the state, 1890-1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; 1994:.
36. Laurie B.Artisans into workers: Labor in nineteenth-century America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; 1989:.
37. Leighow S. R.Not June Cleaver: Women and gender in postwar America, 1945-1960. Meyerowitz J., ed. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1994:37-56.
38. Lemke-Santangelo G.Abiding courage: African American migrant women and the Easy Bay community. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; 1996:.
39. Light J. S.When computers were women.Technology and Culture. 1999;40 (3): 483.
40. Long E.The American dream and the popular novel. Boston, MA: Routledge & K. Paul; 1985:.
41. Luskey B. P.On the make: Clerks and the quest for capital in nineteenth-century America. New York: New York University Press; 2010:.
42. Marcus R.,Burner D.,Marcus A.America firsthand: Readings from reconstruction to the present. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's; 2007:.
43. May E. T.Homeward bound: American families in the cold war era. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1988:.
44. McKenna C. D.The world's newest profession: Management consulting in the twentieth century. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2006:.
45. Meyerowitz J. J.Women adrift: Independent wage earners in Chicago, 1880-1930. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago; 1988:.
46. Meyerowitz J. J.Not June Cleaver: Women and gender in postwar America, 1945-1960. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1994:.
47. Mills C. W.White collar: The American middle classes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1951:.
48. Nelson D.Managers and workers: Origins of the twentieth-century factory system in the United States, 1880-1920. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press; 1995:.
49. Perlow L.Sleeping with your smartphone: How to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press; 2012:.
50. Prentice A.,Theobald M. R.Women who taught: Perspectives on the history of women and teaching. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press; 1991:.
51. Roediger D. R.,Foner P. S.Our own time: A history of American labor and the working day. New York, NY: Verso Books; 1989:.
52. Rogers D.A history of immigration and ethnicity in American life. New York, NY: Harper; 2002:.
53. Rosenzweig R.Eight hours for what we will: Workers and leisure in an industrial city, 1870-1920. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1983:.
54. Ryan A. M.,Kossek E. E.Work-life policy implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness?.Human Resource Management. 2008;47:295-310.
55. Sanchez G.Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, culture, and identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1990-1945. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1995:.
56. Saval N.Cubed: A secret history of the workplace. New York, NY: Doubleday; 2014:.
57. Sellers C.The market revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815--1846. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1991:.
58. Sklar K. K.Florence Kelley and the nation's work: The rise of women's political culture, 1830--1900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 1995:.
59. Slaughter, A. M. (2012, July/August). Why women still can't have it all. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/07/why-women-still-cant-have-it-all/309020/.
60. Stansell C.City of women: Sex and class in New York, 1789-1860. New York, NY: Knopf; 1982:.
61. Takaki R.Strangers from a different shore: A history of Asian Americans. New York, NY: Little, Brown; 1990:.
62. Toossi M.Century of change: The U.S. labor force, 1950-2050.Monthly Labor Review. 2002;125:15-28.
63. White R.Railroaded: The transcontinentals and the making of modern America. New York, NY: W.W. Norton; 2011:.
64. Whyte W. H.The organization man. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster; 1956:.
65. Williams J. C.Unbending gender: Why family and work conflict and what to do about it. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2000:.
66. Wilson S.The man in the gray flannel suit. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster; 1955:.
67. Wong J. S.Fifth Chinese daughter. Seattle: University of Washington Press; 1945:.
68. Yates R.Revolutionary road. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press; 1961:.