Review: Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles

Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 834-842

  Vadlapudi, Varahalarao ^a   Kaladhar, D S V G K ^b  

^a Dr Lankapalli Bullayya P G College   (India)

^b GITAM UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Biomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84893782266     PISSN: 19909233     EISSN: 19998147     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.6.11585     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Sun, Y.G. and Y.N. Xia, 2002. Shape-controlled synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Science., 298: 2176-2179
2. Raveendran, P., J. Fu and S.L. Wallen, 2006. A simple and green method for the synthesis of Au, Ag and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles. Green Chem., 8: 34-38
3. Armendariz, V., J.L. Gardea-Torresdey, M. Jose Ya-caman, J. Gonzalez, I. Herrera and J.G. Parsons, 2002. Gold nanoparticle formation by oat and wheat biomasses, Proceedings of Conference on Agricultural Contamination of Water Resources Application of Waste Remediation Technologies to Kansas City, Mo, USA
4. Sunil Pandey, Goldie Oza, Ashmi Mewada and Madhuri Sharon, 2012. Green Synthesis of Highly Stable Gold Nanoparticles using, Momordica charantia as Nano fabricator. Archives of Applied Science Research., 4(2): 1135-1141
5. Frattini, A., N. Pellegri, D. Nicastro and O. De Sanctis, 2005. Effect of amine groups in the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using aminosilanes. Mat Chem Phys., 94: 148
6. Magudapathy, P., P. Gangopadhyay, B.K. Panigrahi, K.G.M. Nair and S. Dhara, 2001. Electrical transport studies of Ag nanoclusters embedded in glass matrix. Physica B., 299(1-2): 142-146
7. Joerger, R., T. Klaus and C.G. Granqvist, 2000. Biologically produced silver-carbon composite materials for optically functional thin-film coatings. Adv Mater., 12(6): 407-409
8. Panacek, A., L. Kvitek, R. Prucek, M. Kolar, R. Vecerova, N. Pizurova, et al, 2006. Silver colloid nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and their antibacterial activity. J. Phys. Chem B., 110(33): 16248-16253
9. Khan, M., M. Khan, S.F. Adil, M.N. Tahir, W. Tremel, H.Z. Alkhathlan, A. Al-Warthan and M.R. Siddiqui, 2013. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by Pulicaria glutinosa extract. Int. J. Nanomedicine., 8: 1507-16
10. Shankar, S.S., A. Ahmad and M. Sastry, 2013. Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Bio-technol Prog., 19(6): 1627-1631
11. Sivakumar, J., C. Premkumar, P. Santhanam and N. Saraswathi, 2011. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calotropis gigantean Leaf. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences., 3(6): 265-270
12. Song, J.Y. and B.S. Kim, 2009. Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., 32: 79-84
13. Akl M. Awwad., Nidà M. Salem and Amany O. Abdeen, 2013. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Loquat leaf extract and its antibacterial activity.Adv. Mat. Lett., 4(5): 338-342
14. Absar, Ahmad., Priyabrata Mukherjee, Satyajyoti Senapati, Deendayal Mandal, M. Islam Khan, Rajiv Kumar and Murali Sastry, 2003. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum.Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces., 28(4): 313-318
15. Silambarasan, S. and Abraham Jayanthi, 2013. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pseudomonas fluorescens. Research, Journal of Biotechnology, 8(3)
16. Silver, S., 2003. Bacterial silver resistance, molecular biology and uses and misuses of silver compounds, Fems Microbiol Rev., 27(2-3): 341
17. Shahverdi, A.R., A. Fakhimi, H.R. Shahverdi and S. Minaian., 2007. Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomed., 3: 168
18. Prabu, N., T. Divya Raj, K. Yamuna Gowri, S. Ayisha Siddiqua and Joseph Pushpa, 2010. Innocent D. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures., 5(1): 185-189
19. Mona Safaepour, Ahmad Reza Shahverdi, Hamid Reza Shahverdi, Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh and Ahmad Reza Gohari, 2009. Green Synthesis of Small Silver Nanoparticles Using Geraniol and Its Cytotoxicity against Fibrosarcoma-Wehi 164. Avicenna J. Med. Biotechnol., 1(2): 111-115
20. Saadat, F., K. Zomorodian, M.M. Pezeshki and M.R. Khorramizadeh, 2003. The potential role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Nsaids in chemoprevention of cancer. Pak J. Med. Sci., 19(3): 13-17
21. Ghassan Mohammad Sulaiman, Wasnaa Hatif Mohammed, Thorria Radam Marzoog, Ahmed Abdul Amir Al-Amiery, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum and Abu Bakar Mohamad, 2013. Green synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus chapmaniana leaves extract, Asian Pac J. Trop Biomed., 3(1): 58-63
22. Krishnaraj, C., E.G. Jagan, S. Rajasekar, P. Selvakumar, P.T. Kalaichelvan and N. Mohan, 2010. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalyphaindica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces., 76: 50-56
23. Tripathi, A., N. Chandrasekaran, A.M. Raichur and A. Mukherjee, 2009. Antibacterial application of silver nanoparticles synthesized by aqueous extractof Azadirachta indica, Neem leaves. J. Biomedical Nanotechnol., 5: 93-98
24. Bar, H., D.K. Bhui, S.P. Gobinda, P.M. Sarkar, S. Pyne and A. Misra, 2009. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract of Jatropha curcas. Physicochem Eng Aspects., 348: 212-216
25. Krishnaraj, C., E.G. Jagan E.G.S. Rajasekar, P. Selvakumar, P.T. Kalaichelvan and N. Mohan, 2010. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antimicrobial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 76: 50-56
26. Bankar, A., B.B. Joshi, A.R. Kumar and S. Zinjarde, 2009. Banana peel extract mediated novel route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspect., 368: 58-63
27. Dwivedi, A.D. and K. Gopal, 2010. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium album leaf extract, Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng. Aspect., 369: 27-33
28. Dubey, S.P., M. Lahtinen and M. Sillanpaa, 2010. Green synthesis and characterization of silver and gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of Rosarugosa. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng. Aspect., 364: 34-41
29. Geethalakshmi, E. and D.V. Sarada, 2010. Synthesis of plant-mediated silvernano particles using Trianthema decandra extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech., 2: 970-975
30. Ahmad, N., S. Sharma, M.K. Alam, V.N. Singh, S.F. Shamsi, B.R. Mehta and A. Fatma, 2010. Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried medicinal plant of basil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 81(1): 81-86
31. Nabikhan, A., K. Kandasamy, A. Raj and N.M. Alikunhi, 2010. Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 79: 488-493
32. Christensen, L., S. Vivekanandhan, M. Misra and A.K. Mohanty, 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii curry leaf an investigation on the effect of broth concentration in reduction mechanism and particle size. Adv. Mater Letters., 2: 429-434
33. Vidhu, V.K., A. Aromal and D. Philip, 2011. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Macrotyloma uniflorum. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectros., 83: 392-397
34. Singhal, G., R. Bhavesh, K. Kasariya, A.R. Sharma and R.P. Singh, 2011. Biosynthesis ofsilver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi leaf extract and screeningits antimicrobial activity, J. Nanopart Res., 13: 2981-2988
35. Veerasamy, R., T.Z. Xin, S. Gunasagaran, T.F. Xiang, E.F. Yang, N. Jeyakumar and S.A. Dhanaraj, 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using mangosteen leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities, J. Saudi Chemical Society., 15: 113-120
36. Yilmaz, M., H. Turkdemir, M.A. Kilic, E. Bayram, A. Cicek, A. Mete and B. Ulug, 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. MaterChem Phys., 130: 1195-1202
37. Parasad, K.S., D. Pathak, A. Patel, P. Dalwadi, R. Prasad, P. Patel and K. Selvaraj, 2011. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nicotiana tobaccum leaf extract and study of their antimicrobial effect. Afr J. Biotechnol., 10(8): 122-8130
38. Logeswari, P., S. Silambarasan and J. Abraham, 2012. Synthesis of silvernano particles using plants extract and analysis of their antimicrobial property, J. Saudi Chem Soc.,doi:10.1016/j.jscs.04.007
39. Kouvaris, P., A. Delimitis, V. Zaspalis, D. Papadopoulos, S.A. Tsipas and N. Michalidis, 2012. Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles produced using Arbutus Unedo leaf extract. Mater Letters, 76: 18-20
40. Saxena, A., R.M. Tripathi, F. Zafar and P. Singh, 2012. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of Ficus benghalensis leaf extract and characterization of their antimicrobial activity. Mater Letters, 67: 91-94
41. Awwad, A.M. and N.M. Salem, 2012. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles bymulberry leaves extract, Nanosci Nanotechno., 2: 125-128
42. Awwad, A.M., N.M. Salem and A. Abdeen, 2012. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Olea europaea leaves extract and its antibacterial activity, NanosciNanotechno, 2: 164-170
43. Buzea, C., et al., 2007. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles sources and toxicity. Biointerphases, 2(4): 17-71
44. Akl, M. Awwad1, Nidá M. Salem and Amany O. Abdeen, 2013. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using carob leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry., 4: 29
45. Mehrdad, Forough. and Khalil Farhadi, 2010. Biological and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles,Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci., 34: 281-287
46. Armendariz, V., 2004. Size controlled gold nanoparticle formation by Avena sativa biomass, Journal of Nanoparticle Research., 6: 377-382
47. Daniel, M.C. and D. Astruc, 2004. Gold nanoparticles assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties and applications toward biology, catalysis and nanotechnology.J. Chem., Rev., 104: 293-346
48. Dror-Ehre, A., H. Mamane, T. Belenkova, G. Markovich and A. Adin, 2009. Silver nanoparticle - E coli colloidal interaction in water and effect on E coli survival. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 339: 521-526
49. Almeida, C.L.F., S. De, H. Falcao, D. De, G.R. Lima, A. De et al, 2011. Bioactivities from marine algae of the Genus Gracilaria. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12: 4550-4573
50. Sugunan, A., C. Thanachayanont, J. Dutta and J.G. Hilborn, 2005. Heavy-metalion sensors using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles. Adv. Mater, 6: 335-340
51. Daniel, M.C. and D. Astruc, 2004. Gold nanoparticles assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties and applications toward biology, catalysis and nanotechnology. Chem. Rev., 104: 293-346
52. Wu, C.C. and D.H. Chen, 2010. Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with gum arabic as a stabilizing agent and reducing agent. Gold Bull., 43: 234-239
53. Kreibig, U. and M. Vollmer, 1995. Optical properties of metal clusters. Berlin, Springer-Verlag
54. Kirtee, Wani, Amit Choudhari Rajeev Chikate and Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar, 2013. Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using Ficus religiosa extract. Carbon - Sci. Tech., 5(1): 203-210
55. Arunachalam, K.D., S.K.Annamalai and S. Hari, 2013. One-step green synthesis and characterization of leaf extract-mediated biocompatible silver and goldnanoparticles from Memecylon umbellatum. Int J. Nanomedicine, 8: 307-1315
56. Aromal, S.A., V.K. Vidhu and D. Philip, 2012. Green synthesis of well-dispersed gold nanoparticles using Macrotyloma uniflorum., pectrochim Acta A Mol. Biomol Spectrosc, 85(1): 99-104
57. Kalishwaralal, K., V.V. Deepak, S. Ram Kumar Pandian, M. Kottaisamy, S. Barathmani Kanth, B. Kartikeyan and S. Gurunathan, 2010. Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Brevibacterium casei. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 1;77(2): 257-262
58. Mittal, A.K., Y. Chisti and U.C. Banerjee, 2013. Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnol Adv., 31(2): 346-56
59. Sujitha, M.V. and S. Kannan, 2013. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Citrus fruits Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis aqueous extract and its characterization, Spectrochim Acta A Mol. Biomol Spectrosc., 102: 15-23
60. Tamuly, C., M.M. Hazarika, SCh Borah, M.R. Das and M.P.Boruah, 2013. In situ biosynthesis of Ag, Au and bimetallic nanoparticles using Piper pedicellatum C.D.C., greenchemistry approach. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 1(102):627-34
61. Kumar, K.M., B.K. Mandal, M. Sinha and V. Krishnakumar, 2012. Terminalia chebula mediated green and rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 86: 490-4
62. Elavazhagan, T. and K.D. Arunachalam, 2011. Int J Nanomedicine., 6: 1265-78
63. Das, R.K., N. Gogoi and U. Bora, 2011 Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Nyctanthes arbortristis flower extract. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng., 34(5): 615-9
64. Philip, D., C.Unni, S.A. Aromal and V.K. Vidhu, 2011. Murraya Koenigii leaf-assisted rapid green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc., 78(2): 899-904
65. Philip, D., 2010. Rapid green synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles using Mangifera indica leaf. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc., 77(4): 807-10
66. Bankar, A., B. Joshi, A.R. Kumar and S. Zinjarde, 2010. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 1.80(1): 45-50
67. Smitha, S.L., D. Philip and K.G. Gopchandran, 2009 Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf broth, Spectrochim Acta. A Mol. Biomol Spectrosc., 15,74(3): 735-9
68. Vinod, V.T., P. Saravanan, B. Sreedhar, D.K. Devi and R.B. Sashidhar, 2011. A facile synthesis and characterization of Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles using a natural hydrocolloid gum kondagogu Cochlospermum gossypium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 1, 83(2): 291-8
69. Annamalai, A., V.L. Christina, D. Sudha, M. Kalpana and P.T. Lakshmi, 2013. Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of Au NPs using Euphorbia hirta L. leaf extract. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces., 1(108): 60-65
70. Tiwari, P.M., K. Vig, V.A. Dennis and S.R. Singh, 2011. Functionalized gold nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, 1: 31-63
71. Dykman, L.A., V.A. Bogatyrev, S.Y. Shchyogolev and N.G. Khlebtsov, 2008. Gold Nanoparticles, Synthesis,Properties. Biomedical Applications Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moscow, in Russian
72. Guo, R., Y. Song, G. Wang and R.W. Murray, 2005. Does core size matter in the kinetics of ligand exchanges of monolayer-protected Au clusters? Journal of American Chemical Society., 127: 2752-2757
73. Chandran, S.P., M. Chaudhary, R. Pasricha, A. Ahmad and M. Sastry, 2006. Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract. Biotechnol Prog., 22(2): 577-83
74. Sougata, Ghosh, Sumersing Patil, Mehul Ahire, Rohini Kitture, Deepanjali, D. Gurav, Amit, M. Jabgunde, Sangeeta Kale, Karishma Pardesi, Vaishali Shinde, Jayesh Bellare, Dilip, D. Dhavale and Balu, A. Chopade, 2012.Gnidia glauca flower extract mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and Evaluation of its Chemocatalytic Potential. Journal of Nanobiotechnology., 10: 17
75. Mubarak, Ali, D., N. Thajuddin, K. Jeganathan and M. Gunasekaran, XXXX. Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens.Colloids and Surfaces B, Biointerfaces, 85(2): 360-365
76. Sun, R.W., R. Chen, N.P. Chung, C.M. Ho, C.L. Lin and C.M. Che, 2005. Chem Commun., 40: 5059-5061
77. Krishnamurthy, N.B., B. Nagaraj, Barasa malakar, P. Liny and R. Dinesh, 2012. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Tagetes erecta L., Mari gold flower extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. IJPBS., 3(1): 212- 221
78. Stobie, N., B. Duffy, McCormack, J. Colreavy, M. Hidalgo and P. McHale, 2008. Prevention of Staphylococcusepidermisdis biofilm formation using a low -temperatureprocessed silver doped phenyltriethoxysilane solgel coating. Biomater., 29: 963-969
79. Liny, P., T.K. Divya, Barasa malakar, B. Nagaraj, N. Krishnamurthy and R. Dinesh, 2012. Preparation of gold nanoparticles from Helianthus annuus Sunflower flowers and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Ijpbs., 3(1): 439-446
80. Sontara, Konwar Boruah, Prabin Kumar Boruah, Pradyut Sarma, Chitrani Medhi and Okhil Kumar Medhi, 2012. Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using camellia sinensis and kinetics of the reaction.Adv. Mat. Lett., 3(6): 481-486
81. Yinghua, Qu. and Xiaoying Lü, 2009. Aqueous synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity in human dermal fibroblasts-fetal, Biomedical Materials, 4: 2
82. Asha Rani, P.V., Grace Low Kah Mun, Manoor Prakash Hande and Suresh Valiyaveettil, 2009. Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Cells, 3(2): 279-290
83. Kim, H.S., S.H. Jun, Y.K. Koo, S. Cho and Y. Park, 2013. Green synthesis and nanotopography of heparin-reduced gold nanoparticles with enhanced anticoagulant activity, J. Nanosci Nanotechnol., 13(3): 2068-76
84. Bhat, R., V.G. Sharanabasava, R. Deshpande, U. Shetti, G. Sanjeev and A. Venkataraman, 2013. Photo-bio-synthesis of irregular shaped functionalized gold nanoparticles using edible mushroom Pleurotus florida and its anticancer evaluation. J. Photochem Photobiol B., 5(125): 63-9
85. Mukherjee, S., V. Sushma, S. Patra, A.K. Barui, M.P. Bhadra, B. Sreedhar and C.R. Patra, 2012. Green chemistry approach for the synthesis and stabilization of biocompatible gold nanoparticles and their potential applications in cancer therapy, Nanotechnology, 16,23(45): 455103
86. Sreekanth, T.V.M., Nagajyothi, P.C. Lee and Kap Duk, 2012. Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity. Advanced Science Letters., 6(7): 63-69
87. Armendariz, V., I. Herrera, J.R. Peralta-Videa, M. Jose Yacaman, H. Troiani, P. Santiago and J.L. Gardea-Torresdey, 2004. Size controlled gold nanoparticle formationby Avena sativa biomass: use of plants innanobiotechnology. J. Nanopart Res., 6: 377-82
88. Muralidharan, G., L. Subramanian, S.K. Nallamuthu, V. Santhanam and Sanjeev Kumar, 2011. Effect of reagent addition rate and temperature on synthesis of gold nanoparticles in microemulsion route. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 50: 8786-8791
89. Mohamad, M.F., K.S.N. Kamarudin, N. Fathilah, N.F.N.M. and M.M. Salleh, 2011. The Effects of Sodium Chloride inthe Formation of Size and Shape of Gold, Au Nanoparticles by microwave-polyol methodfor mercury adsorption. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 74: 691-695
90. Banoee1, M., N. Mokhtari1, A. Akhavan Sepahi, P. Jafari Fesharaki1, H.R. Monsef-Esfahani, Z. Ehsanfar1, M.R. Khoshayand and A.R. Shahverdi1, 2010. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the ethanol extract of black tea and its tannin free fraction. Iranian Journal of Materials Science & Engineering., 7(1): 48-53
91. Edhaya naveena, B. and S. Prakash, 2013. Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using marine algae Gracilaria corticata and its application as a potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agent, Asian J. Pharm Clin Res., 6(2): 179-182
92. Akl M. Awwad, Nidá M. Salem and Amany O. Abdeen, 2013. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using carob leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. International Journal of Industrial Chemistry., 4: 29
93. Sena, P.M. and X. Gao, 2010. Designing multifunctional quantum dots for bioimaging, detection and drug delivery. Chem. Soc. Rev., 39: 4326-4354
94. Lee, J.H., Y.M. Huh, Y. Jun et al, 2006. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging. Nature Med., 13: 95-99
95. Thomas, C.R., D.P. Ferris, J.H. Lee et al, 2010. Noninvasive remote-controlled release of drug molecules in vitro using magnetic actuation of mechanized nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132: 10623-10625
96. Neuberger, T., B. Schopf, H. Hofmann, M. Hofmann and B. Von Rechenberg, 2005. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications: possibilities and limitations of a new drug delivery system. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293: 483-496
97. Qian, X.M., X.H. Peng, D.O. Ansari et al, 2008. In vivotumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags. Nat. Biotech., 26: 83-90
98. Bai, X., S.J. Son, S.X. Zhang, et al. 2008. Synthesis of superparamagnetic nanotubes as MRI contrast agents and for cell labeling. Nanomedicine., 3: 163-174
99. Son, SJ., X. Bai, A. Nan, H. Ghandehari and S.B. Lee, 2006. Template synthesis of multifunctional nanotubes for controlled release, J. Control. Release., 114: 143-152
100. Son, S.J., J. Reichel, B. He, M. Schuchman and S.B. Lee, 2005. Magnetic nanotubes for magnetic-field-assisted bioseparation, biointeraction and drug delivery. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127: 7316-7317
101. Mitchell, D.T., S.B. Lee, L. Troifin et al, 2002. Smart nanotubes for bioseparations and biocatalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124: 11864-11865
102. He, B., S.K. Kim, S.J. Son and S.B. Lee, 2010. Shape-coded silica nanotubes for multiplexed bioassay rapid and reliable magnetic decoding protocols. Nanomedicine., 5: 77-88
103. Son, S.J., X. Bai and S.B. Lee, 2007. Inorganic hollow nanoparticles and nanotubes in nanomedicine Part 1. Drug/gene delivery applications. Drug Discov. Today., 12: 650-656