Virtual patients in primary care: Developing a reusable model that fosters reflective practice and clinical reasoning

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Salminen, Helena ^a   Zary, Nabil ^a   Björklund, Karin ^a   Toth Pall, Eva ^a   Leanderson, Charlotte ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Clinical reasoning; Medical education; Primary care; Reflection; Virtual patients

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL REASONING; HUMAN; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PATIENT CARE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; REFLECTION; SWEDEN; TEACHING; VIRTUAL PATIENTS;

CLINICAL REASONING; MEDICAL EDUCATION; PRIMARY CARE; REFLECTION; VIRTUAL PATIENTS;

HUMANS; PATIENT SIMULATION; PATIENT-CENTERED CARE; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; SWEDEN;

EID: 84893622127     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2616     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. van Soeren M, Devlin-Cop S, Macmillan K, Baker L, Egan-Lee E, Reeves S. Simulated interprofessional education: An analysis of teaching and learning processes. J Interprof Care 2011 Nov;25(6):434-440. [doi: 10.3109/13561820.2011. 592229] [Medline: 21899398]
2. Cook DA, Triola MM. Virtual patients: A critical literature review and proposed next steps. Med Educ 2009 Apr;43(4):303-311. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923. 2008.03286.x] [Medline: 19335571]
3. Cendan J, Lok B. The use of virtual patients in medical school curricula. Adv Physiol Educ 2012 Mar;36(1):48-53 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1152/advan.00054.2011] [Medline: 22383412]
4. Huang G, Reynolds R, Candler C. Virtual patient simulation at US and Canadian medical schools. Acad Med 2007 May;82(5):446-451. [doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e31803e8a0a] [Medline: 17457063]
5. Gesundheit N, Brutlag P, Youngblood P, Gunning WT, Zary N, Fors U. The use of virtual patients to assess the clinical skills and reasoning of medical students: Initial insights on student acceptance. Med Teach 2009 Jan;31(8):739-742. [doi: 10.1080/01421590903126489]
6. Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. The New England Journal of medicine 2006;355(21):0028-4793. [doi: 10.1056/NEJMra054782.ISSN:1533-4406] [Medline: 17124019]
7. Eva KW. What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning. Med Educ 2005 Jan;39(1):98-106. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x] [Medline: 15612906]
8. Heneghan C, Glasziou P, Thompson M, Rose P, Balla J, Lasserson D, et al. Diagnostic strategies used in primary care. BMJ 2009;338:b946 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 19380414]
9. Hansen M, Oosthuizen G, Windsor J, Doherty I, Greig S, McHardy K, et al. Enhancement of medical interns' levels of clinical skills competence and self-confidence levels via video iPods: Pilot randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(1):e29 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1596] [Medline: 21447471]
10. Kolb D. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall; 1984:231-241.
11. Knowles M. The adult learner. In: The adult learner: A neglected species. Houston, TX: Houston [Tex.] Gulf Pub. Co; 1984.
12. Fyrenius A, Bergdahl B, Silén C. Lectures in problem-based learning-why, when and how An example of interactive lecturing that stimulates meaningful learning. Med Teach 2005 Jan;27(1):61-65 (forthcoming). [doi: 10.1080/01421590400016365] [Medline: 16147772]
13. Mann K, Gordon J, MacLeod A. Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: A systematic review. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2009 Oct;14(4):595-621. [doi: 10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2] [Medline: 18034364]
14. Kurtz S, Silverman J, Benson J, Draper J. Marrying content and process in clinical method teaching: Enhancing the Calgary-Cambridge guides. Acad Med 2003 Aug;78(8):802-809. [Medline: 12915371]
15. Larsen JH, Risør O, Putnam S. P-R-A-C-T-I-C-A-L: A step-by-step model for conducting the consultation in general practice. Fam Pract 1997 Aug;14(4):295-301 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 9283850]
16. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Educ Today 2004 Feb;24(2):105-112. [doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001] [Medline: 14769454]
17. Adams EC, Rodgers CJ, Harrington R, Young MD, Sieber VK. How we created virtual patient cases for primary care-based learning. Med Teach 2011;33(4):273-278. [doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.544796] [Medline: 21456983]
18. Hansen M, Oosthuizen G, Windsor J, Doherty I, Greig S, McHardy K, et al. Enhancement of medical interns' levels of clinical skills competence and self-confidence levels via video iPods: Pilot randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(1):e29 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1596] [Medline: 21447471]
19. Silén C, Uhlin L. Self-directed learning - a learning issue for students and faculty!. Teaching in Higher Education 2008 Aug;13(4):461-475. [doi: 10.1080/13562510802169756]
20. Norman G. Research in clinical reasoning: Past history and current trends. Med Educ 2005 Apr;39(4):418-427. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02127.x] [Medline: 15813765]
21. Mitchell S, Heyden R, Heyden N, Schroy P, Andrew S, Sadikova E, et al. A pilot study of motivational interviewing training in a virtual world. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(3):e77 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1825] [Medline: 21946183]
22. Bamidis PD, Kaldoudi E, Pattichis C. mEducator: A best practice network for repurposing and sharing medical educational multi-type content. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 2009;307:769-776. [doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-04568-4-78]
23. Kaldoudi E, Dovrolis N, Konstantinidis ST, Bamidis PD. Depicting educational content repurposing context and inheritance. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 2011 Jan;15(1):164-170. [doi: 10.1109/TITB.2010.2092442] [Medline: 21134819]