Future directions for monitoring treatment response in colorectal cancer

Journal of Cancer

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 44-57

  Walker, Avery S ^a   Zwintscher, Nathan P ^a   Johnson, Eric K ^a   Maykel, Justin A ^b   Stojadinovic, Alexander ^c   Nissan, Aviram ^d   Avital, Itzhak ^e   Brücher, Björn L D M ^e   Steele, Scott R ^a  

^a MADIGAN ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UMASS MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c WALTER REED ARMY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d HADASSAH HEBREW UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^e Bon Secours Cancer Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; Imaging modalities; Response; Surgical timing; Watch and wait

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; ADVANCED CANCER; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; COLON CANCER; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; HUMAN; METASTASIS; MONITORING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; RADICAL RESECTION; RECTUM CANCER; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

EID: 84893570528     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18379664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7150/jca.7809     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Chang GJ, Kaiser AM, Mills S, Rafferty JF, Buie WD. Practice parameters for the management of colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(8):831-843.
2. de Campos-Lobato LF, Stocchi L, da Luz Moreira A, et al. Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer decreases distant recurrence and could eradicate local recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(6):1590-1598.
3. Habr-Gama A, Gama-Rodrigues J, Perez RO. Is tailoring treatment of rectal cancer the only true benefit of long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiation? Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(2):264-266.
4. Quah HM, Chou JF, Gonen M, et al. Pathologic stage is most prognostic of disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation. Cancer. 2008;113(1):57-64.
5. Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(3):205-216.
6. Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1731-1740.
7. Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A. Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12(1):19-23.
8. Chari RS, Tyler DS, Anscher MS, et al. Preoperative radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Ann Surg. 1995;221(6):778-786; discussion 786-777.
9. Seong J, Cho JH, Kim NK, Min JS, Suh CO. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with oral doxifluridine plus low-dose oral leucovorin in unresectable primary rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50(2):435-439.
10. Nair RM, Siegel EM, Chen DT, et al. Long-term results of transanal excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for T2 and T3 adenocarcinomas of the rectum. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12(10):1797-1805; discussion 1805-1796.
11. Issa N, Murninkas A, Powsner E, Dreznick Z. Long-term outcome of local excision after complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer. World J Surg. 2012;36(10):2481-2487.
12. Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Wynn G, Marks J, Kessler H, Gama-Rodrigues J. Complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for distal rectal cancer: characterization of clinical and endoscopic findings for standardization. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(12):1692-1698.
13. Perez RO, Habr-Gama A, Lynn PB, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for residual rectal cancer (ypT0-2) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy: another word of caution. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56(1):6-13.
14. Hughes R, Harrison M, Glynne-Jones R. Could a wait and see policy be justified in T3/4 rectal cancers after chemo-radiotherapy? Acta Oncol. 2010;49(3):378-381.
15. Nyasavajjala SM, Shaw AG, Khan AQ, Brown SR, Lund JN. Neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and rectal cancer: can the UK watch and wait with Brazil? Colorectal Dis. 2010;12(1):33-36.
16. Hiotis SP, Weber SM, Cohen AM, et al. Assessing the predictive value of clinical complete response to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: an analysis of 488 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194(2):131-135; discussion 135-136.
17. Hayden DM, Jakate S, Pinzon MC, et al. Tumor scatter after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: are we dealing with an invisible margin? Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(12):1206-1212.
18. Berman JM, Cheung RJ, Weinberg DS. Surveillance after colorectal cancer resection. Lancet. 2000;355(9201):395-399.
19. Park YA, Lee KY, Kim NK, Baik SH, Sohn SK, Cho CW. Prognostic effect of perioperative change of serum carcinoembryonic antigen level: a useful tool for detection of systemic recurrence in rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13(5):645-650.
20. Park YJ, Park KJ, Park JG, Lee KU, Choe KJ, Kim JP. Prognostic factors in 2230 Korean colorectal cancer patients: analysis of consecutively operated cases. World J Surg. 1999;23(7):721-726.
21. Thirunavukarasu P, Sukumar S, Sathaiah M, et al. C-stage in colon cancer: implications of carcinoembryonic antigen biomarker in staging, prognosis, and management. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103(8):689-697.
22. Jang NY, Kang SB, Kim DW, et al. The role of carcinoembryonic antigen after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54(2):245-252.
23. Bos JL, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, et al. Prevalence of ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Nature. 1987;327(6120):293-297.
24. Richman SD, Seymour MT, Chambers P, et al. KRAS and BRAF mutations in advanced colorectal cancer are associated with poor prognosis but do not preclude benefit from oxaliplatin or irinotecan: results from the MRC FOCUS trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(35):5931-5937.
25. Van Cutsem E, Kohne CH, Lang I, et al. Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(15):2011-2019.
26. Wang L, Cunningham JM, Winters JL, et al. BRAF mutations in colon cancer are not likely attributable to defective DNA mismatch repair. Cancer Res. 2003;63(17):5209-5212.
27. Souglakos J, Philips J, Wang R, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;101(3):465-472.
28. Pakneshan S, Salajegheh A, Smith RA, Lam AK. Clinicopathological relevance of BRAF mutations in human cancer. Pathology. 2013;45(4):346-356.
29. Muller HM, Oberwalder M, Fiegl H, et al. Methylation changes in faecal DNA: a marker for colorectal cancer screening? Lancet. 2004;363(9417):1283-1285.
30. Toyota M, Ahuja N, Ohe-Toyota M, Herman JG, Baylin SB, Issa JP. CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(15):8681-8686.
31. Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2006;38(7):787-793.
32. Desch CE, Benson AB, 3rd, Somerfield MR, et al. Colorectal cancer surveillance: 2005 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(33):8512-8519.
33. Bipat S, van Leeuwen MS, Comans EF, et al. Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis--meta-analysis. Radiology. 2005;237(1):123-131.
34. Thoeni RF, Rogalla P. CT for the evaluation of carcinomas in the colon and rectum. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1995;16(2):112-126.
35. Schaefer O, Langer M. Detection of recurrent rectal cancer with CT, MRI and PET/CT. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(8):2044-2054.
36. Chun YS, Vauthey JN, Boonsirikamchai P, et al. Association of computed tomography morphologic criteria with pathologic response and survival in patients treated with bevacizumab for colorectal liver metastases. JAMA. 2009;302(21):2338-2344.
37. Ricotta R, Vanzulli A, Moroni M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging as an early indicator of clinical outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with cetuximab or panitumumab. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2013;12(1):45-53.
38. Koh DM, Blackledge M, Padhani AR, et al. Whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI: tips, tricks, and pitfalls. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199(2):252-262.
39. Lambregts DM, Vandecaveye V, Barbaro B, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI for selection of complete responders after chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(8):2224-2231.
40. Miles KA, Griffiths MR. Perfusion CT. a worthwhile enhancement? Br J Radiol. 2003;76(904):220-231.
41. Perez RO, Habr-Gama A, Sao Juliao GP, et al. Clinical Relevance of PET/CT positive inguinal nodes in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Jun;15(6):674-82.
42. Ptok H, Marusch F, Meyer F, et al. Feasibility and accuracy of TRUS in the pre-treatment staging for rectal carcinoma in general practice. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2006;32(4):420-425.
43. Rieger N, Tjandra J, Solomon M. Endoanal and endorectal ultrasound: applications in colorectal surgery. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74(8):671-675.
44. Gerdes B, Langer P, Kopp I, Bartsch D, Stinner B. Localization of the peritoneal reflection in the pelvis by endorectal ultrasound. Surg Endosc. 1998;12(12):1401-1404.
45. Gavioli M, Bagni A, Piccagli I, Fundaro S, Natalini G. Usefulness of endorectal ultrasound after preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer: comparison between sonographic and histopathologic changes. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(8):1075-1083.
46. Radovanovic Z, Breberina M, Petrovic T, Golubovic A, Radovanovic D. Accuracy of endorectal ultrasonography in staging locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiation. Surg Endosc. 2008;22(11):2412-2415.
47. Cartana ET, Parvu D, Saftoiu A. Endoscopic ultrasound: current role and future perspectives in managing rectal cancer patients. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2011;20(4):407-413.
48. Kim JC, Kim HC, Yu CS, et al. Efficacy of 3-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography compared with conventional ultrasonography and computed tomography in preoperative rectal cancer staging. Am J Surg. 2006;192(1):89-97.
49. Giovannini M, Bories E, Pesenti C, Moutardier V, Lelong B, Delpero JR. Three-dimensional endorectal ultrasound using a new freehand software program: results in 35 patients with rectal cancer. Endoscopy. 2006;38(4):339-343.
50. Lassau N, Chami L, Benatsou B, Peronneau P, Roche A. Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) with quantification of tumor perfusion: a new diagnostic tool to evaluate the early effects of antiangiogenic treatment. Eur Radiol. 2007;17 Suppl 6:F89-98.
51. Onji K, Yoshida S, Tanaka S, et al. Microvascular structure and perfusion imaging of colon cancer by means of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37(2):297-303.
52. Ochiai T, Masuda T, Yagi M, et al. Successful Combination Therapy of Radical Liver Resection With 5-Fluorouracil/leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, Plus Bevacizumab for Ascending Colon Cancer With Pulmonary and 43 Liver Metastases: Report of a Case. Int Surg. 2012;97(1):6-13.
53. Wanebo HJ, LeGolvan M, Paty PB, et al. Meeting the biologic challenge of colorectal metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2012;29(7):821-839.
54. Hsu YN, Lin JK, Chen WS, et al. A new classification scheme for recurrent or metastatic colon cancer after liver metastasectomy. J Chin Med Assoc. 2011;74(11):493-499.
55. Egger ME, Cannon RM, Metzger TL, et al. Assessment of chemotherapy response in colorectal liver metastases in patients undergoing hepatic resection and the correlation to pathologic residual viable tumor. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;216(4):845-856; discussion 856-847.
56. Adams RB, Aloia TA, Loyer E, Pawlik TM, Taouli B, Vauthey JN. Selection for hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2013;15(2):91-103.
57. Takahashi S, Nagai K, Saito N, et al. Multiple resections for hepatic and pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007;37(3):186-192.
58. Neki K, Kawahara H, Watanabe K, Toyama Y, Akiba T, Yanaga K. Usefulness of circulating tumor cells after preliminary chemotherapy for prediction of response to further anticancer therapy in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2013;33(4):1769-1772.
59. Dalton RS, Velineni R, Osborne ME, et al. A single-centre experience of chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: is there potential for nonoperative management? Colorectal Dis. 2012;14(5):567-571.
60. Catenacci DV, Kozloff M, Kindler HL, Polite B. Personalized colon cancer care in 2010. Semin Oncol. 2011;38(2):284-308.
61. Adam R, Avisar E, Ariche A, et al. Five-year survival following hepatic resection after neoadjuvant therapy for nonresectable colorectal. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001;8(4):347-353.
62. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228-247.
63. Engin G, Sharifov R, Gural Z, et al. Can diffusion-weighted MRI determine complete responders after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer? Diagn Interv Radiol. 2012;18(6):574-581.