The efficacy of oral azithromycin in clearing ocular chlamydia: Mathematical modeling from a community-randomized trachoma trial

Epidemics

Volumn 6, Issue , 2014, Pages 10-17

  Liu, Fengchen ^a   Porco, Travis C ^a,b   Mkocha, Harran A ^c   Muñoz, Beatriz ^e   Ray, Kathryn J ^a   Bailey, Robin L ^d   Lietman, Thomas M ^a,b   West, Sheila K ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Kongwa Trachoma Project   (Tanzania)

^d LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Azithromycin; Elimination; Mathematical model; SAFE strategy; Trachoma

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; EYE OINTMENT; TETRACYCLINE; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL CLEARANCE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; TANZANIA; TRACHOMA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; INFANT; MALE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; METHODOLOGY; MULTICENTER STUDY; NEWBORN; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; THEORETICAL MODEL; TRANSMISSION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; AZITHROMYCIN; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PREVALENCE; RESEARCH DESIGN; TANZANIA; TRACHOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84892972475     PISSN: 17554365     EISSN: 18780067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2013.12.001     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Handbook of Mathematical Functions 1972, National Bureau of Standards, AMS 55, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. M. Abramowitz, I.A. Stegun (Eds.).
2. Amza A., Kadri B., Nassirou B., Stoller N.E., Yu S.N., Zhou Z., West S.K., Mabey D.C., Bailey R.L., Keenan J.D., Porco T.C., Lietman T.M., Gaynor B.D. A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of mass azithromycin treatment on growth and nutrition in Niger. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2013, 88(1):138-143.
3. Biebesheimer J.B., House J., Hong K.C., Lakew T., Alemayehu W., Zhou Z., Moncada J., Roger A., Keenan J., Gaynor B.D., Schachter J., Lietman T.M. Complete local elimination of infectious trachoma from severely affected communities after six biannual mass azithromycin distributions. Ophthalmology 2009, 116(11):2047-2050.
4. Blake I.M., Burton M.J., Bailey R.L., Solomon A.W., West S., Munoz B., Holland M.J., Mabey D.C., Gambhir M., Basanez M.G., Grassly N.C. Estimating household and community transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2009, 3(3):e401.
5. Burton M.J., Holland M.J., Makalo P., Aryee E.A., Sillah A., Cohuet S., Natividad A., Alexander N.D., Mabey D.C., Bailey R.L. Profound and sustained reduction in Chlamydia trachomatis in the Gambia: a five-year longitudinal study of trachoma endemic communities. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 4(10):e835.
6. Chidambaram J.D., Alemayehu W., Melese M., Lakew T., Yi E., House J., Cevallos V., Zhou Z., Maxey K., Lee D.C., Shapiro B.L., Srinivasan M., Porco T., Whitcher J.P., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M. Effect of a single mass antibiotic distribution on the prevalence of infectious trachoma. JAMA 2006, 295(10):1142-1146.
7. Efron B., Tibshirani R. An Introduction to the Bootstrap 1993, Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability Chapman & Hall, New York.
8. Ejere H.O., Alhassan M.B., Rabiu M. Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012, 4:CD003659.
9. Erdogru T., Agaçfidan A., Onel M., Badur S., Ang O., Telalloglu S. The treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis with single dose oral azithromycin. J. Int. Med. Res. 1995, 23(5):386-393.
10. Gaynor B.D., Miao Y., Cevallos V., Jha H., Chaudary J.S., Bhatta R., Osaki-Holm S., Yi E., Schachter J., Whitcher J.P., Lietman T. Eliminating trachoma in areas with limited disease. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003, 9(5):596-598.
11. Gebre T., Ayele B., Zerihun M., Genet A., Stoller N.E., Zhou Z., House J.I., Yu S.N., Ray K.J., Emerson P.M., Keenan J.D., Porco T.C., Lietman T.M., Gaynor B.D. Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2012, 379(9811):143-151.
12. Gill D.A., Lakew T., Alemayehu W., Melese M., Zhou Z., House J.I., Hong K.C., Ray K.J., Gandhi N., Whitcher J.P., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M. Complete elimination is a difficult goal for trachoma programs in severely affected communities. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008, 46(4):564-566.
13. Handsfield H.H. Questioning azithromycin for chlamydial infection. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2011, 38(11):1028-1029.
14. Harding-Esch E.M., Edwards T., Mkocha H., Munoz B., Holland M.J., Burr S.E., Sillah A., Gaydos C.A., Stare D., Mabey D.C., Bailey R.L., West S.K. Trachoma prevalence and associated risk factors in the gambia and Tanzania: baseline results of a cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2010, 4(11):e861.
15. Hillis S.D., Coles F.B., Litchfield B., Black C.M., Mojica B., Schmitt K., St.Louis M.E. Doxycycline and azithromycin for prevention of chlamydial persistence or recurrence one month after treatment in women. A use-effectiveness study in public health settings. Sex. Transm. Dis. 1998, 25(1):5-11.
16. Hong K.C., Schachter J., Moncada J., Zhou Z., House J., Lietman T.M. Lack of macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2009, 15(7):1088-1090.
17. House J.I., Ayele B., Porco T.C., Zhou Z., Hong K.C., Gebre T., Ray K.J., Keenan J.D., Stoller N.E., Whitcher J.P., Gaynor B.D., Emerson P.M., Lietman T.M. Assessment of herd protection against trachoma due to repeated mass antibiotic distributions: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet 2009, 373(9669):1111-1118.
18. Keenan J.D., Ayele B., Gebre T., Moncada J., Stoller N.E., Zhou Z., Porco T.C., McCulloch C.E., Gaynor B.D., Emerson P.M., Schachter J., Lietman T.M. Ribosomal RNA evidence of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection following 3 annual mass azithromycin distributions in communities with highly prevalent trachoma. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2012, 54(2):253-256.
19. Keenan J.D., Moncada J., Gebre T., Ayele B., Chen M.C., Yu S.N., Emerson P.M., Stoller N.E., McCulloch C.E., Gaynor B.D., Schachter J. Chlamydial infection during trachoma monitoring: are the most difficult-to-reach children more likely to be infected?. Trop. Med. Int. Health 2012, 17(3):392-396.
20. Lietman T., Porco T., Dawson C., Blower S. Global elimination of trachoma: how frequently should we administer mass chemotherapy?. Nat. Med. 1999, 5(5):572-576.
21. Lietman T.M., Gebre T., Ayele B., Ray K.J., Maher M.C., See C.W., Emerson P.M., Porco T.C. The epidemiological dynamics of infectious trachoma may facilitate elimination. Epidemics 2011, 3(2):119-124.
22. Liu F., Porco C.T., Ray K.J., Bailey R.L., Mkocha H., Muñoz B., Quinn T.C., Lietman T.M., West S.K. Assessment of transmission in trachoma programs over time suggests no short-term loss of immunity. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2013, 7(7):e2303.
23. Magid D., Douglas J.M., Schwartz J.S. Doxycycline compared with azithromycin for treating women with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections: an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1996, 124(4):389-399.
24. Mariotti S.P. New steps toward eliminating blinding trachoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351(19):2004-2007.
25. Melese M., Alemayehu W., Lakew T., Yi E., House J., Chidambaram J.D., Zhou Z., Cevallos V., Ray K., Hong K.C., Porco T.C., Phan I., Zaidi A., Gaynor B.D., Whitcher J.P., Lietman T.M. Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma. JAMA 2008, 299(7):778-784.
26. Melese M., Chidambaram J.D., Alemayehu W., Lee D.C., Yi E.H., Cevallos V., Zhou Z., Donnellan C., Saidel M., Whitcher J.P., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M. Feasibility of eliminating ocular Chlamydia trachomatis with repeat mass antibiotic treatments. JAMA 2004, 292(6):721-725.
27. Nelder J.A., Mead R. A simplex-method for function minimization. Comput. J. 1965, 7(4):308-313.
28. Rabiu M., Alhassan M.B., Ejere H.O., Evans J.R. Environmental sanitary interventions for preventing active trachoma. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2012, 2:CD004003.
29. Ray K.J., Lietman T.M., Porco T.C., Keenan J.D., Bailey R.L., Solomon A.W., Burton M.J., Harding-Esch E., Holland M.J., Mabey D. When can antibiotic treatments for trachoma be discontinued? Graduating communities in three African countries. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 2009, 3(6):e458.
30. Ray K.J., Porco T.C., Hong K.C., Lee D.C., Alemayehu W., Melese M., Lakew T., Yi E., House J., Chidambaram J.D., Whitcher J.P., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M. A rationale for continuing mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. BMC Infect. Dis. 2007, 7:91.
31. Schachter J., West S.K., Mabey D., Dawson C.R., Bobo L., Bailey R., Vitale S., Quinn T.C., Sheta A., Sallam S., Mkocha H., Faal H. Azithromycin in control of trachoma. Lancet 1999, 354(9179):630-635.
32. Schwebke J.R., Rompalo A., Taylor S., Sena A.C., Martin D.H., Lopez L.M., Lensing S., Lee J.Y. Re-evaluating the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: emphasizing emerging pathogens - a randomized clinical trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 52(2):163-170.
33. Siegel S., Castellan N.J. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 1988, McGraw-Hill, New York.
34. Solomon A.W., Holland M.J., Alexander N.D., Massae P.A., Aguirre A., Natividad-Sancho A., Molina S., Safari S., Shao J.F., Courtright P., Peeling R.W., West S.K., Bailey R.L., Foster A., Mabey D.C. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004, 351(19):1962-1971.
35. Solomon A.W., Mohammed Z., Massae P.A., Shao J.F., Foster A., Mabey D.C., Peeling R.W. Impact of mass distribution of azithromycin on the antibiotic susceptibilities of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2005, 49(11):4804-4806.
36. Stamm W.E., Hicks C.B., Martin D.H., Leone P., Hook E.W., Cooper R.H., Cohen M.S., Batteiger B.E., Workowski K., McCormack W.M. Azithromycin for empirical treatment of the nongonococcal urethritis syndrome in men. A randomized double-blind study. JAMA 1995, 274(7):545-549.
37. Stare D., Harding-Esch E., Munoz B., Bailey R., Mabey D., Holland M., Gaydos C., West S. Design and baseline data of a randomized trial to evaluate coverage and frequency of mass treatment with azithromycin: the partnership for rapid elimination of trachoma (PRET) in Tanzania and the Gambia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2011, 18(1):20-29.
38. Steingrímsson O., Olafsson J.H., Thórarinsson H., Ryan R.W., Johnson R.B., Tilton R.C. Single dose azithromycin treatment of gonorrhea and infections caused by C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum in men. Sex. Transm. Dis. 1994, 21(1):43-46.
39. Stoller N.E., Gebre T., Ayele B., Zerihun M., Assefa Y., Habte D., Zhou Z., Porco T.C., Keenan J.D., House J.I., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M., Emerson P.M. Efficacy of latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis after mass antibiotic treatment: a cluster-randomized trial. Int. Health 2011, 3(2):75-84.
40. Thorpe E.M., Stamm W.E., Hook E.W., Gall S.A., Jones R.B., Henry K., Whitworth G., Johnson R.B. Chlamydial cervicitis and urethritis: single dose treatment compared with doxycycline for seven days in community based practises. Genitourin. Med. 1996, 72(2):93-97.
41. Wehbeh H.A., Ruggeirio R.M., Shahem S., Lopez G., Ali Y. Single-dose azithromycin for Chlamydia in pregnant women. J. Reprod. Med. 1998, 43(6):509-514.
42. West S.K., Emerson P.M., Mkocha H., McHiwa W., Munoz B., Bailey R., Mabey D. Intensive insecticide spraying for fly control after mass antibiotic treatment for trachoma in a hyperendemic setting: a randomised trial. Lancet 2006, 368(9535):596-600.
43. West S.K., Munoz B., Mkocha H., Holland M.J., Aguirre A., Solomon A.W., Foster A., Bailey R.L., Mabey D.C. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2005, 366(9493):1296-1300.
44. Yang J.L., Schachter J., Moncada J., Habte D., Zerihun M., House J.I., Zhou Z., Hong K.C., Maxey K., Gaynor B.D., Lietman T.M. Comparison of an rRNA-based and DNA-based nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in trachoma. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 91(3):293-295.