Estimating household and community transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

  Blake, Isobel M ^a   Burton, Matthew J ^b   Bailey, Robin L ^b   Solomon, Anthony W ^b   West, Sheila ^c   Muñoz, Beatriz ^c   Holland, Martin J ^b   Mabey, David C W ^b   Gambhir, Manoj ^a   Basáñez, María Gloria ^a   Grassly, Nicholas C ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL EYE INFECTION; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; COMMUNITY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENDEMIC DISEASE; FAMILY SIZE; FEASIBILITY STUDY; GAMBIA; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD; PREVALENCE; REINFECTION; TANZANIA; TRACHOMA; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; TREATMENT FAILURE;

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; GAMBIA; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; TANZANIA; TRACHOMA; TREATMENT FAILURE;

EID: 65549122907     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000401     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Mariotti SP, Pascolini D, Rose-Nussbaumer J (2008) Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness. Br J Ophthalmol.
2. Hotez P, Raff S, Fenwick A, Richards F Jr, Molyneux DH (2007) Recent progress in integrated neglected tropical disease control. Trends Parasitol 23: 511-514.
3. World Health Organization (2006) Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. Available at: http://www.who.int/blindness/publications/ tcm%20who_pbd_get_06_1.pdf Accessed 26 September 2008.
4. Grassly NC, Ward ME, Ferris S, Mabey DC, Bailey RL (2008) The natural history of trachoma infection and disease in a Gambian cohort with frequent follow-up. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e341. doi:10.1371/ journal.pntd.0000341.
5. Wright HR, Taylor HR (2005) Clinical examination and laboratory tests for estimation of trachoma prevalence in a remote setting: what are they really telling us? Lancet Infect Dis 5: 313-320.
6. Burton MJ, Bowman RJ, Faal H, Aryee EA, Ikumapayi UN, et al. (2006) The long-term natural history of trachomatous trichiasis in the Gambia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47: 847-852.
7. Solomon AW, Harding-Esch E, Alexander ND, Aguirre A, Holland MJ, et al. (2008) Two doses of azithromycin to eliminate trachoma in a Tanzanian community. N Engl J Med 358: 1870-1871.
8. Harding-Esch EM, Edwards T, Sillah A, Sarr-Sissoho I, Aryee EA, et al. (2008) Risk factors for active trachoma in The Gambia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 1255-1262.
9. Schachter J, Dawson CR (2002) Elimination of blinding trachoma. Curr Opin Infect Dis 15: 491-495.
10. Baltussen RM, Sylla M, Frick KD, Mariotti SP (2005) Cost-effectiveness of trachoma control in seven world regions. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 12: 91-101.
11. Frick KD, Lietman TM, Holm SO, Jha HC, Chaudhary JS, et al. (2001) Cost-effectiveness of trachoma control measures: comparing targeted household treatment and mass treatment of children. Bull World Health Organ 79: 201-207.
12. Fry AM, Jha HC, Lietman TM, Chaudhary JS, Bhatta RC, et al. (2002) Adverse and beneficial secondary effects of mass treatment with azithromycin to eliminate blindness due to trachoma in Nepal. Clin Infect Dis 35: 395-402.
13. Katz J, Zeger SL, Tielsch JM (1988) Village and household clustering of xerophthalmia and trachoma. Int J Epidemiol 17: 865-869.
14. Bailey R, Osmond C, Mabey DC, Whittle HC, Ward ME (1989) Analysis of the household distribution of trachoma in a Gambian village using a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. Int J Epidemiol 18: 944-951.
15. Burton MJ, Holland MJ, Faal N, Aryee EA, Alexander ND, et al. (2003) Which members of a community need antibiotics to control trachoma? Conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis infection load in Gambian villages. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44: 4215-4222.
16. Polack SR, Solomon AW, Alexander ND, Massae PA, Safari S, et al. (2005) The household distribution of trachoma in a Tanzanian village: an application of GIS to the study of trachoma. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 218-225.
17. Courtright P, Sheppard J, Lane S, Sadek A, Schachter J, et al. (1991) Latrine ownership as a protective factor in inflammatory trachoma in Egypt. Br J Ophthalmol 75: 322-325.
18. West SK, Muñoz B, Lynch M, Kayongoya A, Mmbaga BB, et al. (1996) Risk factors for constant, severe trachoma among preschool children in Kongwa, Tanzania. Am J Epidemiol 143: 73-78.
19. West SK, Muñoz B, Mkocha H, Holland MJ, Aguirre A, et al. (2005) Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study. Lancet 366: 1296-1300.
20. Mabey DC, Bailey RL, Ward ME, Whittle HC (1992) A longitudinal study of trachoma in a Gambian village: implications concerning the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection. Epidemiol Infect 108: 343-351.
21. Bailey RL, Hayes L, Pickett M, Whittle HC, Ward ME, et al. (1994) Molecular epidemiology of trachoma in a Gambian village. Br J Ophthalmol 78: 813-817.
22. Bailey RL, Hampton TJ, Hayes LJ, Ward ME, Whittle HC, et al. (1994) Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of ocular chlamydial infection in trachoma-endemic communities. J Infect Dis 170: 709-712.
23. Solomon AW, Holland MJ, Alexander ND, Massae PA, Aguirre A, et al. (2004) Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma. N Engl J Med 351: 1962-1971.
24. Bowman RJ, Jatta B, Cham B, Bailey RL, Faal H, et al. (2001) Natural history of trachomatous scarring in The Gambia: results of a 12-year longitudinal follow-up. Ophthalmology 108: 2219-2224.
25. Ball F (1999) Stochastic and deterministic models for SIS epidemics among a population partitioned into households. Math Biosci 156: 41-67.
26. Neal P (2006) Stochastic and deterministic analysis of SIS household epidemics. Adv Appl Prob 38: 943-968.
27. Anderson R, May M (1992) Infectious diseases of humans. Oxford University Press.
28. Wilks S (1938) The large-sample distribution of the likelihood-ratio for testing composite hypotheses. Ann Math Stat 9: 60-62.
29. Johnson NL, Kotz S, Kemp AW (1992) Hypergeometric Distributions. Univariate Discrete Distributions. New Jersey: Wiley and Sons.
30. Elliott JM (1977) Some Methods for the Statistical Analysis of Samples of Benthic Invertebrates. Cumbria: Freshwater Biological Assn.
31. Ridout MS, Demetrio CG, Firth D (1999) Estimating intraclass correlation for binary data. Biometrics 55: 137-148.
32. Macey R, Oster G (2000) Berkeley Madonna. The Regents of the University California.
33. Lietman T, Porco T, Dawson C, Blower S (1999) Global elimination of trachoma: how frequently should we administer mass chemotherapy? Nat Med 5: 572-576.
34. Ray KJ, Porco TC, Hong KC, Lee DC, Alemayehu W, et al. (2007) A rationale for continuing mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma. BMC Infect Dis 7: 91.
35. Bailey R (1996) Studies on the epidemiology and immunology of human ocular chlamydial infection. London: University of London, PhD thesis. 304 p.
36. Taylor HR, Siler JA, Mkocha HA, Munoz B, West S (1992) The natural history of endemic trachoma: a longitudinal study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46: 552-559.
37. Broman AT, Shum K, Muñoz B, Duncan DD, West SK (2006) Spatial clustering of ocular chlamydial infection over time following treatment, among households in a village in Tanzania. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47: 99-104.
38. Burton MJ, Holland MJ, Makalo P, Aryee EA, Alexander ND, et al. (2005) Re-emergence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic Gambian community: a longitudinal study. Lancet 365: 1321-1328.
39. Melese M, Alemayehu W, Lakew T, Yi E, House J, et al. (2008) Comparison of annual and biannual mass antibiotic administration for elimination of infectious trachoma. JAMA 299: 778-784.
40. Melegaro A, Gay NJ, Medley GF (2004) Estimating the transmission parameters of pneumococcal carriage in households. Epidemiol Infect 132: 433-441.
41. Cauchemez S, Carrat F, Viboud C, Valleron AJ, Boelle PY (2004) A Bayesian MCMC approach to study transmission of influenza: application to household longitudinal data. Stat Med 23: 3469-3487.
42. Solomon AW, Holland MJ, Burton MJ, West SK, Alexander ND, et al. (2003) Strategies for control of trachoma: observational study with quantitative PCR. Lancet 362: 198-204.
43. Arason VA, Kristinsson KG, Sigurdsson JA, Stefansdottir G, Molstad S, et al. (1996) Do antimicrobials increase the carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci in children? Cross sectional prevalence study. BMJ 313: 387-391.
44. Katz KA, Klausner JD (2008) Azithromycin resistance in Treponema pallidum. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21: 83-91.
45. Pedersen G, Schonheyder HC, Steffensen FH, Sorensen HT (1999) Risk of resistance related to antibiotic use before admission in patients with community-acquired bacteraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother 43: 119-126.
46. Rahman M, Shoma S, Rashid H, El Arifeen S, Baqui AH, et al. (2007) Increasing spectrum in antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Bangladesh: resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone and decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. J Health Popul Nutr 25: 158-167.
47. Holm SO, Jha HC, Bhatta RC, Chaudhary JS, Thapa BB, et al. (2001) Comparison of two azithromycin distribution strategies for controlling trachoma in Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 79: 194-200.
48. Schemann JF, Guinot C, Traore L, Zefack G, Dembele M, et al. (2007) Longitudinal evaluation of three azithromycin distribution strategies for treatment of trachoma in a sub-Saharan African country, Mali. Acta Trop 101: 40-53.
49. Michel CE, Solomon AW, Magbanua JP, Massae PA, Huang L, et al. (2006) Field evaluation of a rapid point-of-care assay for targeting antibiotic treatment for trachoma control: a comparative study. Lancet 367: 1585-1590.