메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 413-428

The genetically programmed hair growth cycle and alopecia: What is there to know?

Author keywords

alopecia; alopecia areata; androgenetic alopecia; female pattern alopecia; finasteride; immunotherapy; male pattern alopecia; minoxidil; steroid; telogen effluvium

Indexed keywords


EID: 84892924831     PISSN: 17469872     EISSN: 17469880     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/17469872.1.3.413     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (4)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 0033549754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of hair follicles
    • Paus R, Cotsarelis G. The biology of hair follicles. N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (7), 491–497 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , Issue.7 , pp. 491-497
    • Paus, R.1    Cotsarelis, G.2
  • 2
    • 4143091637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of hair loss: stress and the underestimated psychosocial impact of telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia
    • Hadshiew IM, Foitzik K, Arck PC, Paus R. Burden of hair loss: stress and the underestimated psychosocial impact of telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia. J. Invest. Dermatol. 123 (3), 455 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 455
    • Hadshiew, I.M.1    Foitzik, K.2    Arck, P.C.3    Paus, R.4
  • 3
    • 0026571418 scopus 로고
    • The secret life of the hair follicle
    • Hardy MH. The secret life of the hair follicle. Trends Genet. 8 (2), 55–61 (1992).
    • (1992) Trends Genet. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 55-61
    • Hardy, M.H.1
  • 5
    • 0036178229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle development
    • Millar SE. Molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle development. J. Invest. Dermatol. 118 (2), 216–225 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 216-225
    • Millar, S.E.1
  • 6
    • 15944381273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular principles of hair follicle induction and morphogenesis
    • Schmidt-Ullrich R, Paus R. Molecular principles of hair follicle induction and morphogenesis. Bioessays 27 (3), 247–261 (2005).
    • (2005) Bioessays , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-261
    • Schmidt-Ullrich, R.1    Paus, R.2
  • 7
    • 0142056038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of hair morphogenesis: development and cycling
    • Botchkarev VA, Paus R. Molecular biology of hair morphogenesis: development and cycling. J. Exp. Zoolog. B. Mol. Dev. Evol. 298 (1), 164–180 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Exp. Zoolog. B. Mol. Dev. Evol. , vol.298 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-180
    • Botchkarev, V.A.1    Paus, R.2
  • 8
    • 0344054050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive guide for the recognition and classification of distinct stages of hair follicle morphogenesis
    • Paus R, Muller-Rover S, Van Der Veen C et al. A comprehensive guide for the recognition and classification of distinct stages of hair follicle morphogenesis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113 (4), 523–532 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.113 , Issue.4 , pp. 523-532
    • Paus, R.1    Muller-Rover, S.2    Van Der Veen, C.3
  • 9
    • 0034985116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of proliferation and apoptosis during murine hair follicle morphogenesis
    • Magerl M, Tobin DJ, Muller-Rover S et al. Patterns of proliferation and apoptosis during murine hair follicle morphogenesis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 116 (6), 947–955 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.116 , Issue.6 , pp. 947-955
    • Magerl, M.1    Tobin, D.J.2    Muller-Rover, S.3
  • 10
    • 0035134022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls of hair follicle cycling
    • Stenn KS, Paus R. Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol. Rev. 81 (1), 449–494 (2001).
    • (2001) Physiol. Rev. , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 449-494
    • Stenn, K.S.1    Paus, R.2
  • 11
    • 0034934515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive guide for the accurate classification of murine hair follicles in distinct hair cycle stages
    • Muller-Rover S, Handjiski B, van der Veen C et al. A comprehensive guide for the accurate classification of murine hair follicles in distinct hair cycle stages. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (1), 3–15 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-15
    • Muller-Rover, S.1    Handjiski, B.2    van der Veen, C.3
  • 12
    • 0015305552 scopus 로고
    • Hair transplantation
    • Orentreich N. Hair transplantation. NY State. J. Med. 72 (5), 578–582 (1972).
    • (1972) NY State. J. Med. , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 578-582
    • Orentreich, N.1
  • 14
    • 0037370738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress inhibits hair growth in mice by induction of premature catagen development and deleterious perifollicular inflammatory events via neuropeptide substance P-dependent pathways
    • Arck PC, Handjiski B, Peters EM et al. Stress inhibits hair growth in mice by induction of premature catagen development and deleterious perifollicular inflammatory events via neuropeptide substance P-dependent pathways. Am. J. Pathol. 162 (3), 803–814 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.162 , Issue.3 , pp. 803-814
    • Arck, P.C.1    Handjiski, B.2    Peters, E.M.3
  • 15
    • 30344467185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated signaling promotes human hair follicle regression (catagen)
    • Peters EM, Stieglitz MG, Liezman C et al. p75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated signaling promotes human hair follicle regression (catagen). Am. J. Pathol. 168 (1), 221–234 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.168 , Issue.1 , pp. 221-234
    • Peters, E.M.1    Stieglitz, M.G.2    Liezman, C.3
  • 16
    • 0033814577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of hairless (hr) gene expression in mouse hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling
    • Panteleyev AA, Paus R, Christiano AM. Patterns of hairless (hr) gene expression in mouse hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Am. J. Pathol. 157 (4), 1071–1079 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.157 , Issue.4 , pp. 1071-1079
    • Panteleyev, A.A.1    Paus, R.2    Christiano, A.M.3
  • 17
    • 0025313294 scopus 로고
    • Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis
    • Cotsarelis G, Sun T-T, Lavker RM. Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis. Cell 61, 1329–1337 (1990).
    • (1990) Cell , vol.61 , pp. 1329-1337
    • Cotsarelis, G.1    Sun, T.-T.2    Lavker, R.M.3
  • 18
    • 0037171764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination
    • Nishimura EK, Jordan SA, Oshima H et al. Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination. Nature 416 (6883), 854–860 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , Issue.6883 , pp. 854-860
    • Nishimura, E.K.1    Jordan, S.A.2    Oshima, H.3
  • 19
    • 33644831550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro differences between keratinocyte stem cells and transit-amplifying cells of the human hair follicle
    • Roh C, Tao Q, Photopoulos C, Lyle S. In vitro differences between keratinocyte stem cells and transit-amplifying cells of the human hair follicle. J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 (6), 1099–1105 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.125 , Issue.6 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Roh, C.1    Tao, Q.2    Photopoulos, C.3    Lyle, S.4
  • 20
    • 0041868104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity and cytokinetic dynamics of the hair follicle mesenchyme during the hair growth cycle: implications for growth control and hair follicle transformations
    • Tobin DJ, Gunin A, Magerl M, Paus R. Plasticity and cytokinetic dynamics of the hair follicle mesenchyme during the hair growth cycle: implications for growth control and hair follicle transformations. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 8 (1), 80–86 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-86
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Gunin, A.2    Magerl, M.3    Paus, R.4
  • 22
    • 0036097449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lysosomal protease cathepsin L is an important regulator of keratinocyte and melanocyte differentiation during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling
    • Tobin DJ, Foitzik K, Reinheckel T et al. The lysosomal protease cathepsin L is an important regulator of keratinocyte and melanocyte differentiation during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. Am. J. Pathol. 160 (5), 1807–1821 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.160 , Issue.5 , pp. 1807-1821
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Foitzik, K.2    Reinheckel, T.3
  • 25
    • 0037444064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair cycle regulation of hedgehog signal reception
    • Oro AE, Higgins K. Hair cycle regulation of hedgehog signal reception. Dev. Biol. 255 (2), 238–248 (2003).
    • (2003) Dev. Biol. , vol.255 , Issue.2 , pp. 238-248
    • Oro, A.E.1    Higgins, K.2
  • 26
    • 27744584084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of hair growth with small molecule agonists of the hedgehog signaling pathway
    • Paladini RD, Saleh J, Qian C, Xu GX, Rubin LL. Modulation of hair growth with small molecule agonists of the hedgehog signaling pathway. J. Invest. Dermatol. 125 (4), 638–646 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.125 , Issue.4 , pp. 638-646
    • Paladini, R.D.1    Saleh, J.2    Qian, C.3    Xu, G.X.4    Rubin, L.L.5
  • 27
    • 0034811904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noggin is required for induction of the hair follicle growth phase in postnatal skin
    • Botchkarev VA, Botchkareva NV, Nakamura M et al. Noggin is required for induction of the hair follicle growth phase in postnatal skin. FASEB J. 15 (12), 2205–2214 (2001).
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 2205-2214
    • Botchkarev, V.A.1    Botchkareva, N.V.2    Nakamura, M.3
  • 28
    • 0034183346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional disruption of hedgehog signaling pathway defines its critical role in hair development and regeneration
    • Wang LC, Liu ZY, Gambardella L et al. Conditional disruption of hedgehog signaling pathway defines its critical role in hair development and regeneration. J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (5), 901–908 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.114 , Issue.5 , pp. 901-908
    • Wang, L.C.1    Liu, Z.Y.2    Gambardella, L.3
  • 29
    • 0029746231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermal–epidermal interactions. Adult follicle-derived cell populations and hair growth
    • Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ. Dermal–epidermal interactions. Adult follicle-derived cell populations and hair growth. Dermatol. Clin. 4 (4), 573–583 (1996).
    • (1996) Dermatol. Clin. , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 573-583
    • Jahoda, C.A.1    Reynolds, A.J.2
  • 31
    • 0025755955 scopus 로고
    • Hair follicular stem cells: the bulge-activation hypothesis
    • Sun TT, Cotsarelis G, Lavker RM. Hair follicular stem cells: the bulge-activation hypothesis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 96 (5), S77 –S78 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. S77-S78
    • Sun, T.T.1    Cotsarelis, G.2    Lavker, R.M.3
  • 32
    • 0036280765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of transforming growth factor-β2 in catagen induction during the human hair cycle
    • Soma T, Tsuji Y, Hibino T. Involvement of transforming growth factor-β2 in catagen induction during the human hair cycle. J. Invest. Dermatol. 118 (6), 993–997 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.118 , Issue.6 , pp. 993-997
    • Soma, T.1    Tsuji, Y.2    Hibino, T.3
  • 33
    • 0032465378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of rat FGF-5 protein in skin macrophage-like cells and FGF-5S protein in hair follicle: possible involvement of two Fgf-5 gene products in hair growth cycle regulation
    • Suzuki S, Kato T, Takimoto H et al. Localization of rat FGF-5 protein in skin macrophage-like cells and FGF-5S protein in hair follicle: possible involvement of two Fgf-5 gene products in hair growth cycle regulation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 111, 963–972 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.111 , pp. 963-972
    • Suzuki, S.1    Kato, T.2    Takimoto, H.3
  • 34
    • 0348230765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair follicle dermal cells differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages
    • Jahoda CA, Whitehouse J, Reynolds AJ, Hole N. Hair follicle dermal cells differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Exp. Dermatol. 12 (6), 849–859, (2003).
    • (2003) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-859
    • Jahoda, C.A.1    Whitehouse, J.2    Reynolds, A.J.3    Hole, N.4
  • 35
    • 33645244470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling the stem cell niche: right time, right place, right strength
    • Niemann C. Controlling the stem cell niche: right time, right place, right strength. Bioessay 28 (1), 1–5 (2006).
    • (2006) Bioessay , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Niemann, C.1
  • 36
    • 29144491391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implanted hair follicle stem cells form Schwann cells that support repair of severed peripheral nerves
    • Amoh Y, Li L, Campillo R et al. Implanted hair follicle stem cells form Schwann cells that support repair of severed peripheral nerves. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102 (49), 17734–17738 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , Issue.49 , pp. 17734-17738
    • Amoh, Y.1    Li, L.2    Campillo, R.3
  • 37
    • 0033694888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrinology of the skin
    • Slominski A, Wortsman J. Neuroendocrinology of the skin. Endocrinol. Rev. 21 (5), 457–487 (2000).
    • (2000) Endocrinol. Rev. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 457-487
    • Slominski, A.1    Wortsman, J.2
  • 38
    • 33644875278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of human skin – our brain on the outside
    • Tobin DJ. Biochemistry of human skin – our brain on the outside. Chem. Soc. Rev. 35 (1), 52–67 (2006).
    • (2006) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-67
    • Tobin, D.J.1
  • 40
    • 0025354692 scopus 로고
    • Telogen skin contains an inhibitor of hair growth
    • Paus R, Stenn KS, Link RE. Telogen skin contains an inhibitor of hair growth. Br. J. Dermatol. 122, 777–784 (1990).
    • (1990) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.122 , pp. 777-784
    • Paus, R.1    Stenn, K.S.2    Link, R.E.3
  • 44
    • 0002657868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of the hair follicle
    • Bos JD (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton
    • Paus R. Immunology of the hair follicle. In: Skin Immune System. Bos JD (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, 377–398 (1997).
    • (1997) Skin Immune System. , pp. 377-398
    • Paus, R.1
  • 45
    • 0025755884 scopus 로고
    • Cell degeneration in alopecia areata. An ultrastructural study
    • Tobin DJ, Fenton DA, Kendall MD. Cell degeneration in alopecia areata. An ultrastructural study. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 13, 248–256 (1991).
    • (1991) Am. J. Dermatopathol. , vol.13 , pp. 248-256
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Fenton, D.A.2    Kendall, M.D.3
  • 46
    • 0005024567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege
    • Christoph T, Muller-Rover S, Audring H et al. The human hair follicle immune system: cellular composition and immune privilege. Br. J. Dermatol. 142 (5), 862–873 (2000).
    • (2000) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.142 , Issue.5 , pp. 862-873
    • Christoph, T.1    Muller-Rover, S.2    Audring, H.3
  • 47
    • 0000273514 scopus 로고
    • Orfanos CE, Happle R (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin
    • Ebling FJG. In: Hair and Hair Diseases. Orfanos CE, Happle R (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 267–300 (1990).
    • (1990) Hair and Hair Diseases. , pp. 267-300
    • Ebling, F.J.G.1
  • 48
    • 0001492161 scopus 로고
    • Male hormone stimulation is a prerequisite and an incitant in common baldness
    • Hamilton JB. Male hormone stimulation is a prerequisite and an incitant in common baldness. Am. J. Anat. 71, 451–480 (1942).
    • (1942) Am. J. Anat. , vol.71 , pp. 451-480
    • Hamilton, J.B.1
  • 49
    • 0034583176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hair follicle: a paradoxical androgen target organ
    • Randall VA, Hibberts NA, Thornton MJ et al. The hair follicle: a paradoxical androgen target organ. Horm. Res. 54, 243–250 (2000).
    • (2000) Horm. Res. , vol.54 , pp. 243-250
    • Randall, V.A.1    Hibberts, N.A.2    Thornton, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 0028941552 scopus 로고
    • Different growth rates of pigmented and white hair in the beard: differentiation vs. proliferation?
    • Nagl W. Different growth rates of pigmented and white hair in the beard: differentiation vs. proliferation? Br. J. Dermatol. 132, 94–97 (1995).
    • (1995) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.132 , pp. 94-97
    • Nagl, W.1
  • 52
    • 0033400233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in hair follicle dermal papilla volume are due to extracellular matrix volume and cell number: implications for the control of hair follicle size and androgen responses
    • Elliott K, Stephenson TJ, Messenger AG. Differences in hair follicle dermal papilla volume are due to extracellular matrix volume and cell number: implications for the control of hair follicle size and androgen responses. J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 873–887 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.113 , pp. 873-887
    • Elliott, K.1    Stephenson, T.J.2    Messenger, A.G.3
  • 53
    • 0038468638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity and cytokinetic dynamics of the hair follicle mesenchyme: implications for hair growth control
    • Tobin DJ, Gunin A, Magerl M, Handijski B, Paus R. Plasticity and cytokinetic dynamics of the hair follicle mesenchyme: implications for hair growth control. J. Invest. Dermatol. 120, 895–904 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.120 , pp. 895-904
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Gunin, A.2    Magerl, M.3    Handijski, B.4    Paus, R.5
  • 54
    • 0034865462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanisms of miniaturization during androgenetic alopecia or pattern hair loss
    • Whiting DA. Possible mechanisms of miniaturization during androgenetic alopecia or pattern hair loss. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 45, 81S –86S (2001).
    • (2001) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.45 , pp. 81S-86S
    • Whiting, D.A.1
  • 55
    • 0031789565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and developmental aspects of androgenetic alopecia
    • Jahoda CA. Cellular and developmental aspects of androgenetic alopecia. Exp. Dermatol. 7 (5), 235–248 (1998).
    • (1998) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 235-248
    • Jahoda, C.A.1
  • 56
    • 0004611446 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of the human scalp
    • Pergamon, London, UK
    • Giacometti L. The anatomy of the human scalp. In: Aging. Pergamon, London, UK 97–120 (1965).
    • (1965) Aging. , pp. 97-120
    • Giacometti, L.1
  • 57
    • 0343750504 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of body hair in white subjects
    • Danforth CH, Trotter M. The distribution of body hair in white subjects. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 5, 259–265 (1922).
    • (1922) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. , vol.5 , pp. 259-265
    • Danforth, C.H.1    Trotter, M.2
  • 58
    • 84911414504 scopus 로고
    • Coarse sternal hairs, a secondary male sex character that can be measured quantitatively: the influence of sex, age and genetic factors
    • Montagna W, Dobson RL (Eds). Pergamon Press, NY, USA
    • Hamilton JB, Terada H, Mestlet GE, Tirman W. Coarse sternal hairs, a secondary male sex character that can be measured quantitatively: the influence of sex, age and genetic factors. In: Advances in the Biology of Skin. Montagna W, Dobson RL (Eds). Pergamon Press, NY, USA, 129–151 (1967).
    • (1967) Advances in the Biology of Skin. , pp. 129-151
    • Hamilton, J.B.1    Terada, H.2    Mestlet, G.E.3    Tirman, W.4
  • 59
    • 0034935488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic factors predispose to balding and non-balding in men
    • Birch MP, Messenger AG. Genetic factors predispose to balding and non-balding in men. Eur. J. Dermatol. 11, 309–314 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Dermatol. , vol.11 , pp. 309-314
    • Birch, M.P.1    Messenger, A.G.2
  • 60
    • 0030610903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different levels of 5α-reductase type I and II, aromatase, and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia
    • Sawaya ME, Price VH. Different levels of 5α-reductase type I and II, aromatase, and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia. J. Invest. Dermatol. 109, 296–300 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.109 , pp. 296-300
    • Sawaya, M.E.1    Price, V.H.2
  • 61
    • 85018867980 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative measurement of a secondary sex characteristic
    • Hammilton JB. Quantitative measurement of a secondary sex characteristic. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 68, 1359 (1951).
    • (1951) Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1359
    • Hammilton, J.B.1
  • 62
    • 0016771059 scopus 로고
    • Male pattern baldness: classification and incidence
    • Norwood OT. Male pattern baldness: classification and incidence. South Med. J. 68, 1359–1365 (1975).
    • (1975) South Med. J. , vol.68 , pp. 1359-1365
    • Norwood, O.T.1
  • 63
    • 0346095247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgenetic alopecia in men aged 40–69 years: prevalence and risk factors
    • Severi G, Sinclair R, Hopper JL et al. Androgenetic alopecia in men aged 40–69 years: prevalence and risk factors. Br. J. Dermatol. 149 (6), 1207–1213 (2003).
    • (2003) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.149 , Issue.6 , pp. 1207-1213
    • Severi, G.1    Sinclair, R.2    Hopper, J.L.3
  • 64
    • 0033854493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical management of hair loss
    • Shapiro J, Wiseman M, Lui H. Practical management of hair loss. Can. Fam. Phys. 46, 1469–1477 (2000).
    • (2000) Can. Fam. Phys. , vol.46 , pp. 1469-1477
    • Shapiro, J.1    Wiseman, M.2    Lui, H.3
  • 65
    • 0036692499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for androgenetic alopecia in men
    • Khandpur S, Suman M, Reddy BS. Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for androgenetic alopecia in men. J. Dermatol. 29 (8), 489–498 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Dermatol. , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 489-498
    • Khandpur, S.1    Suman, M.2    Reddy, B.S.3
  • 66
    • 85018897916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follicular cell implantation: the first human phase 1 study in Manchester, UK
    • Farjo B, Farjo N. Follicular cell implantation: the first human phase 1 study in Manchester, UK. Dermatology 211, 26 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 26
    • Farjo, B.1    Farjo, N.2
  • 67
    • 0242498605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of topical minoxidil solution: a one-year, prospective, observational study
    • Shapiro J. Safety of topical minoxidil solution: a one-year, prospective, observational study. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 7 (4), 322–329 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Cutan. Med. Surg. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-329
    • Shapiro, J.1
  • 68
    • 51349166019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair growth efficacy assessment of a new topical minoxidil foam formulation in the stumptail macaque
    • Rundegren J, Westin A, Kohut B. Hair growth efficacy assessment of a new topical minoxidil foam formulation in the stumptail macaque J. Invest. Dermatol. 124 (4), A98 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. A98
    • Rundegren, J.1    Westin, A.2    Kohut, B.3
  • 69
    • 0023157713 scopus 로고
    • Action of topical minoxidil in the bald stump-tailed macaque
    • Uno H, Cappas A, Brigham P. Action of topical minoxidil in the bald stump-tailed macaque. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 16 (3 Pt 2), 657–668 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 657-668
    • Uno, H.1    Cappas, A.2    Brigham, P.3
  • 70
    • 5144231072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations of human occipital scalp hair follicle organ culture for studying the effects of minoxidil as a hair growth enhancer
    • Magerl M, Paus R, Farjo N et al. Limitations of human occipital scalp hair follicle organ culture for studying the effects of minoxidil as a hair growth enhancer. Exp. Dermatol. 13 (10), 635–642 (2004).
    • (2004) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 635-642
    • Magerl, M.1    Paus, R.2    Farjo, N.3
  • 71
    • 17044415679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hair loss
    • Ross EK, Shapiro J. Management of hair loss. Dermatol. Clin. 23 (2), 227–243 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatol. Clin. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-243
    • Ross, E.K.1    Shapiro, J.2
  • 72
    • 0034832414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Korean men and women
    • Paik JH, Yoon JB, Sim WY et al. The prevalence and types of androgenetic alopecia in Korean men and women. Br. J. Dermatol. 145, 95–99 (2001).
    • (2001) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.145 , pp. 95-99
    • Paik, J.H.1    Yoon, J.B.2    Sim, W.Y.3
  • 73
    • 85018915435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abstracts of the 11th Meeting of the European Hair Research Society
    • Cartron M, Jammayrac O, Bastien P et al. Abstracts of the 11th Meeting of the European Hair Research Society. Dermatology 211, 25 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 25
    • Cartron, M.1    Jammayrac, O.2    Bastien, P.3
  • 74
    • 85018924859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger length ratios in male androgenetic alopecia: evidence of an intra-uterine effect of androgens?
    • Birch MP, Messenger AG. Finger length ratios in male androgenetic alopecia: evidence of an intra-uterine effect of androgens? Dermatology 211, 33 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 33
    • Birch, M.P.1    Messenger, A.G.2
  • 77
    • 0033752238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia
    • Price VH, Roberts JL, Hordinsky M et al. Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 43 (5 Pt 1), 768–776 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 768-776
    • Price, V.H.1    Roberts, J.L.2    Hordinsky, M.3
  • 78
    • 0036067176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomized trial
    • Vexiau P, Chaspoux C, Boudou P et al. Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomized trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 146 (6), 992–999 (2002).
    • (2002) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.146 , Issue.6 , pp. 992-999
    • Vexiau, P.1    Chaspoux, C.2    Boudou, P.3
  • 79
    • 0037228146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties
    • Raudrant D, Rabe T. Progestogens with antiandrogenic properties. Drugs 63 (5), 463–492 (2003).
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 463-492
    • Raudrant, D.1    Rabe, T.2
  • 80
    • 0242574395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased serum ferritin and alopecia in women
    • Rushton DH. Decreased serum ferritin and alopecia in women. J. Invest. Dermatol. 21 (5), xvii –xviii (2003).
    • (2003) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. xvii-xviii
    • Rushton, D.H.1
  • 81
  • 82
    • 85018877950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hairdex – a tool for evaluation of life quality in hair patients
    • Fischer TW, Schmidt S, Elsner P. Hairdex – a tool for evaluation of life quality in hair patients. Dermatology 211, 68 (2005).
    • (2005) Dermatology , vol.211 , pp. 68
    • Fischer, T.W.1    Schmidt, S.2    Elsner, P.3
  • 86
    • 1542379709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: exploiting the human hair follicle as a model
    • Ito T, Ito N, Bettermann A, Tokura Y, Takigawa M, Paus R. Collapse and restoration of MHC class-I-dependent immune privilege: exploiting the human hair follicle as a model. Am. J. Pathol. 164 (2), 623–634 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 623-634
    • Ito, T.1    Ito, N.2    Bettermann, A.3    Tokura, Y.4    Takigawa, M.5    Paus, R.6
  • 88
    • 0028074226 scopus 로고
    • The etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata
    • McDonagh AJ, Messenger AG. The etiology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata. J. Dermatol. Sci. 7, S125 –S135 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Dermatol. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. S125-S135
    • McDonagh, A.J.1    Messenger, A.G.2
  • 89
    • 0028277331 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk for type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in relatives of patients with alopecia areata (AA)
    • Wang SJ, Shohat T, Vadheim C, Shellow W, Edwards J, Rotter JI. Increased risk for type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes in relatives of patients with alopecia areata (AA). Am. J. Med. Genet. 51 (3), 234–239 (1994).
    • (1994) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-239
    • Wang, S.J.1    Shohat, T.2    Vadheim, C.3    Shellow, W.4    Edwards, J.5    Rotter, J.I.6
  • 90
    • 0031974909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata) transferred by T lymphocytes to human scalp explants on SCID mice
    • Gilhar A, Ullmann Y, Berkutzki T, Assy B, Khalish RS. Autoimmune hair loss (alopecia areata) transferred by T lymphocytes to human scalp explants on SCID mice. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 62–67 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.101 , pp. 62-67
    • Gilhar, A.1    Ullmann, Y.2    Berkutzki, T.3    Assy, B.4    Khalish, R.S.5
  • 91
    • 0031738760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental induction of alopecia areata-like hair loss in C3H/HeJ mice using full-thickness skin grafts
    • McElwee KJ, Boggess D, King LE Jr, Sundberg JP. Experimental induction of alopecia areata-like hair loss in C3H/HeJ mice using full-thickness skin grafts. J Invest. Dermatol. 111, 797–803 (1998).
    • (1998) J Invest. Dermatol. , vol.111 , pp. 797-803
    • McElwee, K.J.1    Boggess, D.2    King, L.E.3    Sundberg, J.P.4
  • 92
    • 4043145727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The progressive state, in contrast to the stable or regressive state of alopecia areata, is reflected in peripheral blood
    • Zoller M, McElwee KJ, Vitacolonna M, Hoffmann R. The progressive state, in contrast to the stable or regressive state of alopecia areata, is reflected in peripheral blood. Exp. Dermatol. 13, 435–444 (2004).
    • (2004) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.13 , pp. 435-444
    • Zoller, M.1    McElwee, K.J.2    Vitacolonna, M.3    Hoffmann, R.4
  • 94
    • 0031981917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alopecia areata in human and nonhuman mammalian species
    • McElwee KJ, Boggess D, Olivry T et al. Comparison of alopecia areata in human and nonhuman mammalian species. Pathobiology 66 (2), 90–107 (1998).
    • (1998) Pathobiology , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-107
    • McElwee, K.J.1    Boggess, D.2    Olivry, T.3
  • 96
    • 0031038583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair follicle structures targeted by antibodies in patients with alopecia areata
    • Tobin DJ, Hann SK, Song MS, Bystryn J-C. Hair follicle structures targeted by antibodies in patients with alopecia areata. Arch. Dermatol. 133, 57–61 (1997).
    • (1997) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.133 , pp. 57-61
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Hann, S.K.2    Song, M.S.3    Bystryn, J.-C.4
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0007469668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies to trichohyalin in canine alopecia areata
    • Tobin DJ, Olivry T, Bystryn J-C. Autoantibodies to trichohyalin in canine alopecia areata. Adv. Vet. Dermatol. 3, 355–362 (1998).
    • (1998) Adv. Vet. Dermatol. , vol.3 , pp. 355-362
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Olivry, T.2    Bystryn, J.-C.3
  • 99
    • 0031789151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equine alopecia areata autoantibodies target multiple hair follicle antigens and may alter hair growth. A preliminary study
    • Tobin DJ, Alhaidari Z, Olivry T. Equine alopecia areata autoantibodies target multiple hair follicle antigens and may alter hair growth. A preliminary study. Exp. Dermatol. 5, 289–297 (1998).
    • (1998) Exp. Dermatol. , vol.5 , pp. 289-297
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Alhaidari, Z.2    Olivry, T.3
  • 100
    • 0002006671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alopecia areata is associated with antibodies to hair follicle-specific antigens located predominantly in the proliferative region of hair follicles
    • Neste DJJ, Randall VA (Eds). Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam
    • Tobin DJ, Bystryn J-C. Alopecia areata is associated with antibodies to hair follicle-specific antigens located predominantly in the proliferative region of hair follicles. In: Hair Research for the Next Millennium. Neste DJJ, Randall VA (Eds). Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, 237–241 (1996).
    • (1996) Hair Research for the Next Millennium. , pp. 237-241
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Bystryn, J.-C.2
  • 101
    • 0030320435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different populations of melanocytes are present in hair follicles and epidermis
    • Tobin DJ, Bystryn J-C. Different populations of melanocytes are present in hair follicles and epidermis. Pigment Cell Res. 9 (6), 304–310 (1996).
    • (1996) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 304-310
    • Tobin, D.J.1    Bystryn, J.-C.2
  • 103
    • 0035671174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocyte-associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice
    • Gilhar A, Landau M, Assy B, Shalaginov R, Serafimovich S, Kalish RS. Melanocyte-associated T cell epitopes can function as autoantigens for transfer of alopecia areata to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (6), 1357–1362 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Invest. Dermatol. , vol.117 , Issue.6 , pp. 1357-1362
    • Gilhar, A.1    Landau, M.2    Assy, B.3    Shalaginov, R.4    Serafimovich, S.5    Kalish, R.S.6
  • 104
    • 0026530691 scopus 로고
    • Failure of passive transfer of serum from patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis to inhibit hair growth in transplants of human scalp skin grafted on to nude mice
    • Gilhar A, Pillar T, Assy B, David M. Failure of passive transfer of serum from patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis to inhibit hair growth in transplants of human scalp skin grafted on to nude mice. Br. J. Dermatol. 126, 166–171 (1992).
    • (1992) Br. J. Dermatol. , vol.126 , pp. 166-171
    • Gilhar, A.1    Pillar, T.2    Assy, B.3    David, M.4
  • 105
    • 0021990838 scopus 로고
    • Ocular abnormalities occurring with alopecia areata
    • Tosti A, Colombati S, Caponeri GM et al. Ocular abnormalities occurring with alopecia areata. Dermatologica 170 (2), 69–73 (1985).
    • (1985) Dermatologica , vol.170 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-73
    • Tosti, A.1    Colombati, S.2    Caponeri, G.M.3
  • 106
    • 0028227941 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nail abnormalities in children with alopecia areata
    • Tosti A, Morelli R, Bardazzi F, Peluso AM. Prevalence of nail abnormalities in children with alopecia areata. Pediatr. Dermatol. 11 (2), 112 (1994).
    • (1994) Pediatr. Dermatol. , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 112
    • Tosti, A.1    Morelli, R.2    Bardazzi, F.3    Peluso, A.M.4
  • 108
    • 3042812722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alopecia areata: current state of knowledge
    • Norris D. Alopecia areata: current state of knowledge. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 51 (1 Suppl.), S16 –S17 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.51 , pp. S16-S17
    • Norris, D.1
  • 109
    • 0031742416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of topical sensitizers in the treatment of alopecia areata
    • Rokhsar CK, Shupack JL, Vafai JJ, Washenik K. Efficacy of topical sensitizers in the treatment of alopecia areata. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 39 (5 Pt 1), 751–761 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 751-761
    • Rokhsar, C.K.1    Shupack, J.L.2    Vafai, J.J.3    Washenik, K.4
  • 110
    • 0020573340 scopus 로고
    • Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata
    • Fenton DA, Wilkinson JD. Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata. Br. Med. J. 287 (6398), 1015–1017 (1983).
    • (1983) Br. Med. J. , vol.287 , Issue.6398 , pp. 1015-1017
    • Fenton, D.A.1    Wilkinson, J.D.2
  • 112
    • 0033011318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines. National Alopecia Areata Foundation
    • Olsen E, Hordinsky M, McDonald-Hull S et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines. National Alopecia Areata Foundation J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 40 (2 Pt 1), 242–246 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-246
    • Olsen, E.1    Hordinsky, M.2    McDonald-Hull, S.3
  • 113
    • 16644388783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines – Part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation
    • Olsen EA, Hordinsky MK, Price VH et al. Alopecia areata investigational assessment guidelines – Part II. National Alopecia Areata Foundation. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 51 (3), 440–447 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 440-447
    • Olsen, E.A.1    Hordinsky, M.K.2    Price, V.H.3
  • 117
    • 12844277378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic telogen effluvium: a study of 5 patients over 7 years
    • Sinclair R. Chronic telogen effluvium: a study of 5 patients over 7 years. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 52 (2 Suppl. 1), 12–16 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 12-16
    • Sinclair, R.1
  • 118
    • 27144544766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing androgenetic alopecia from chronic telogen effluvium when associated in the same patient: a simple noninvasive method
    • Rebora A, Guarrera M, Baldari M, Vecchio F. Distinguishing androgenetic alopecia from chronic telogen effluvium when associated in the same patient: a simple noninvasive method. Arch. Dermatol. 141 (10), 1243–1245 (2005).
    • (2005) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.141 , Issue.10 , pp. 1243-1245
    • Rebora, A.1    Guarrera, M.2    Baldari, M.3    Vecchio, F.4
  • 119
    • 0141816853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presence of trichodynia in patients with telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia
    • Kivanc-Altunay I, Savas C, Gokdemir G, Koslu A, Ayaydin EB. The presence of trichodynia in patients with telogen effluvium and androgenetic alopecia. Int. J. Dermatol. 42 (9), 691–693 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Dermatol. , vol.42 , Issue.9 , pp. 691-693
    • Kivanc-Altunay, I.1    Savas, C.2    Gokdemir, G.3    Koslu, A.4    Ayaydin, E.B.5
  • 121
    • 0141596174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finasteride treatment may not prevent telogen effluvium after minoxidil withdrawal
    • Tosti A, Iorizzo M, Vincenzi C. Finasteride treatment may not prevent telogen effluvium after minoxidil withdrawal. Arch. Dermatol. 39 (9), 1221–1222 (2003).
    • (2003) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 1221-1222
    • Tosti, A.1    Iorizzo, M.2    Vincenzi, C.3
  • 122
    • 85018867812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Alopecia Areata Foundation in the USA www.naaf.org/
  • 123
    • 85018928957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US-based Alopecia Areata Registry www.alopeciaareataregistry.org


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.