Complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Percutaneous Valve Technology: Present and Future

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 327-357

  Lorusso, Roberto ^a   Gelsomino, Sandro ^a   De Cicco, Giuseppe ^a   Beghi, Cesare ^a   Corradi, Domenico ^b   Faggiano, Pompilio ^a   Vizzardi, Enrico ^a   D'Aloia, Antonio ^a   Curello, Salvatore ^a   Fiorina, Claudia ^a   Chizzola, Giuliano ^a   Frontini, Mario ^a   Ettori, Federica ^a  

^a Italy   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84892896086     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Bash A, Borestein N, Tron C, Bauer F, Derumaux G, Anselme F, Laborde F, Leon M. Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcifid aortci stenosis: first human case description: Circulation 2002;106:3006-8.
2. Masson JB, Kovac J, Schuler G, Ye J, Cheung A, Kapadia S, Tuzcu ME, Kodali S, Leon MB, Webb JG. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: review of the nature, management, and avoidance of procedural complications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv. 2009;2:811-20.
3. Webb JG, Chandavimol M, Thompson CR, Ricci DR, Carere RG, Munt BI, Buller CE, Pasupati S, Lichtestein S. Percutaneous aortic valve implantation retrograde from the femoral artery. Circulation 2006;113:842-50.
4. Yan TD, Cao C, Martens-Nielsen J, Padang R, Ng M, Vallely MP, Bannon PG. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis: a systematic review. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009;139;1519-28.
5. Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, Miller CE, Moses JW, Svensson LG, Tuscu EM, Webb JG, Fontana GP, Makkar RR, Brown DL, Block PC, Guyton RA, Pichard AD, Bavaria JE, Herrmann HC, Douglas PC, Petersen JL, Akin JJ, Anderson WN, Wang D, Pocock S. PARTNER Trial. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients who cannot undergo surgery. N. Eng. J. Med. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
6. Kahlert P, Al-Rashid F, Weber M, Wendt D, Heine T, Kottenberg E, Thielmann M, Kuhl H, Peters J, Jakob HG, Sack S, Erbel R, Eggebrecht H. Vascular access site complications after percutaneous transfemoral aortic valve implantation. Herz 2009;34:398-408.
7. Bleiziffer S, Ruge H, Mazzitelli D, Hutter A, Opitz A, Bauernshmitt R, Lange R. Survival after transapical and transfemoral aortic valve implantation: talking about two different patient populations. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009;138:1073-80.
8. Marcheix B, Lamarche Y, Berry C, Asgar A, Laborde JC, Basmadijan A, Ducharme A, Denault A, Bonan R, Cartier R. Surgical aspects of endovascular retrograde implantation of the aortic CoreValve bioprosthesis in high-rik older patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007;134:1150-6.
9. Ye J, Cheung A, Lichtestein SV, Carere RG, Thompson CR, Pasupati S, Transapical aortic valve implantation in humans. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2006;131:1194-6.
10. Wong DR, Ye J, Cheung A, Webb JG, Carere RG, Lichtenstein SV. Technical considerations to avoid pitfalls during trans-apical valve implantation. J. Thorac. Cardiovacs. Surg. 2010;140:196-202.
11. Al-Attar N, Raffoul R, Himbert D, Brochet E, Vahanian A, Nataf P. Lase aneurysm after transapical aortic valve implantation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009;137:e21-2.
12. Thomas M, Schymik G, Walther T, Himbert D, Lefevre T, Treede H, Eggebrecht H, Rubino P, Michev I, Lange R, Anderson WN, Wendler O. Thirty-day results of the SAPIEN aortic bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry. Circulation 2010;122:62-9.
13. Eltchaninoff H, Prat A, Gilard M, Leguerrier A, Blanchard D, Fournial G, Iung B, Donzeau-Gouge P, Tribouilloy C, Debrux JL, Pavie A, Gueret P. France Registry Investigators. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: early results of the FRANCE (FRench Aortic National CoreValve and Edwards) registry. Eur. Heart J. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
14. Webb JG, Altwegg L, Boone RH, Cheung A, Ye J, Lichtestein S, Lee M, Masson JB, Thompson C, Moss R, Carere R, Munt B, Nietlispach F, Humphries K. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: impact on clinical and valve-related outcomes. Circulation 2009;119:3009-16.
15. Svensson LG, Dewey T, Kapadia S, Roselli EE, Stewart A, Williams M, Anderson WN, Brown D, Leon M, Lytle B, Moses J, Mack M, Tuzcu M, Smith C. United States feasibility study of transcatheter insertion of a stented aortic valve by the left ventricular apex. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;86:46-55.
16. Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Falk V, Kasimir MT, Doss M, Borger MA, Schuler G, Glogar D, Fehske W, Wolner E, Mohr FW, Mack M. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 2007;116(Suppl I):I-240-I-245.
17. Zierer A, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Martens S, Moritz A, Doss M. The transapical approach for aortic valve implantation. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2008;136:948-53.
18. Ye J, Cheung A, Lichtestein SV, Altwegg LA, Wong DR, Carere RG, Thompson CR, Moss RR, Munt B, Pasupati S, Boone RH, Masson JB, Ali AA, Webb JG. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation: 1-year outcome in 26 patients. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009;137:167-73.
19. Pasic M, Unbehaun A, Dreysse S, Drews T, Buz S, Kukucka M, Mladenow A, Gromann T, Hetzer R. Transapical aortic valve implantation in 175 consecutive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010;56:813-20.
20. Walther T, Falk V, Kempfert J, Borger MA, Fassl J, Chu MWA, Schuler G, Mohr FW. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: the initial 50 patients. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2008;33:983-8.
21. Dewey TM, Brown DL, Herbert MA, Culica D, Smith CR, Leon MB, Svensson LG, Tuzcu M, Webb JG, Cribier A, Mack MJ. Effect of concomitant coronary artery disease on procedural and late outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2010;89:758-67.
22. Moss RR, Ivens E, Pasupati S, Humphries K, Thompson C, Munt B, Sinhal A, Webb JG. Echocardiography and percutaneous aortic valve implantation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Imaging 2008;1:15-24.
23. Gerckens U, Latsios G, Mueller R, Buellesfeld L, Sauren B, Iversen S, Felderhof T, Grube E. Left main PCI after trans-subclavian CoreValve implantation: successful outcome of a combined procedure for management of a rare complication. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2009;98:687-90.
24. Haberthur D, Lutter G, Appel M, Attman T, Schramm R, Schmitz C, Bombien Quaden R. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: valvuloplasty studies in vitro. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print)
25. Webb JG. Coronary obstruction due to transcatheter valve implantation. Cath. Cardiovasc. Intv. 2009;73:973.
26. Tops LF, Wood DA, Delgado V, Schuijf JD, van der Wall EE, Schalij MJ, Webb JG, Bax JJ. Noninvasive evaluation of the aortic root with multislice computed tomography: implications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Imaging 2008;1:321-30.
27. Bagur R, Dumont E, Doyle D, Larose E, Lemieux J, Bergeron S, Bilodeau S, Bertrand OF, De Larochellerière R, Rodés-Cabau J. Coronary ostia stenosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2010;3:253-5.
28. Kapadia SR, Svensson L, Tuzcu EM. Successful percutaneous management of left main trunk occlusion during percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc. Interv. 2009;73:966 -72.
29. Ussia GP, Barbanti M, Immè S, Scarabelli M, Mulè M, Cammalleri V, Aruta P, Pistritto AM, Capodanno D, Deste W, Di Pasqua MC, Tamburino C. Management of implant failure during trancatheter aortic valve implantation. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intv. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
30. Grube E, Laborde JC, Gerckens U, Felderhoff T, Sauren B, Buellesfeld L, Mueller R, Menichelli M, Schimdt T, Zickmann B, Iversen S, Stone GW. Percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve self-expanding valve prosthesis in high-risk patients with aortic valve disease: the Siegburg first-in-man study. Circulation 2006;114:1616-24.
31. Dworakowski R, Maccarthy PA, Monaghan M, Redwood S, El-Ganel A, Young C, Bapat V, Hancock J, Wilson K, Brickham B, Wendler O, Thomas MR. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe aortic stenosis: a new paradigm for multidisciplinary intervention. A prospective cohort study. Am. Heart J. 2010;160:237-43.
32. Petronio AS, De Carlo M, Bedogni F, Marzocchi A, Klugmann S, Maisano F, Raimondo A, Ussia GP, Ettori F, Poli A, Brambilla N, Sala F, De Marco F, Colombo A. Safety and efficacy of the subclavian approach for transcatheter aortic valve implnantation with the CoreValve Revalving System. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
33. Webb JG, Pasupati S, Humphries K, Thompson C, Altwegg L, Moss R, Sinhal A, Carere RG, Munt B, Ricci D, Ye J, Cheung A, Lichtestein SV. Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2007;116:755-63.
34. Grube E, Schuler G, Buellesfeld L, Gerckens U, Linke A, Wenaweser P, Sauren B, Mohr FW, Walther T, Zickmann B, Iversen S, Felderhoff T, Cartier R, Bonan R. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients using the second and current third-generation slef-expanding Corevalve prosthesis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007;50:69-76.
35. Piazza N, Grube E, Gerkens U, den Heijer P, Linke A, Luha O, Ramondo A, Ussia G, Wenaweser P, Windecker S, Laborde JC, de Jaegere PP, Serruys PW. Procedural and 30-day outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the third generation (18 Fr) CoreValve revalving system: results from the multicentre, expanded evaluation registry 1-year following CE mark approval. Eurointervention 2008;4:242-9.
36. de Jaegere PP, Piazza N, Galema TW, Otten A, Soliman OI, Van Dalen BM, Geleijnse ML, Kappetein AP, Garcia HM, Van Es GA, Serruys PW. Early echocardiographic evaluation following percutaneous implantation with the self-expanding CoreValve Revalving System aortic valve bioprosthesis. Eurointervention 2008;4:351-7.
37. Rodés-Cabau J, Dumont E, De LaRochellière R, Doyle D, Lemieux J, Bergeron S, Clavel MA, Villeneuve J, Raby K, Bertrand OF, Pibarot P. Feasibility and initial results of percutaneous aortic valve implantation including selection of transfemoral or transapical approach in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Am. J. Cardiol. 2008;102: 1240-6.
38. Tchetche D, Dumonteil N, Sauguet A, Descoutures F, Garcia O, Soula P, Gabiache Y, Fournial G, Marcheix B, Carrie D, Fajadet J. Thirty-day outcome and vascular complications after trans-arterial aortic valve implantation using both Edwards Sapien and Medtronic CoreValve bioprostheses in a mixed population. Eurointervention 2010;5:659-65 32.
39. Wendler O, Thomas W, Nataf P, Rubino P, Schroefel H, Thielmann M, Treede H, Thomas M. Transapical aortic valve implantation: univariate and multivariate analysis of the early results from the SOURCE Registry. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2010;38: 119-27.
40. Vavouranakis M, Vrachatis DA, Toutouzas KP, Chrysohoou C, Stafanidis C. "Bail out" procedures for malpositioning of aortic valve prostheses. Int. J. Cardiol. (electronic publication; ahead of print).
41. Piazza N, de Jaegere P, Schultz C, Becker AE, Serruys PW, Anderson RH. Anatomy of the aortic valvar complex and its implications for transcatheter implantation of the aortic valve. Circ. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 2008;2008;1:74-81.
42. Akhtar M, Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR, et al. Aortic root morphology in patients undergoing percutaneous aortic valve replacement. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009; 137:950-6.
43. Clavel MA, Dumont E, Pibarot P, Doyle D, De Larochellière R, Villenueve J, Bergeron S, Couture C, Rodés-Cabau J. Severe valvular regurgitation and late prosthesis embolization after percutaneous aortic valve implantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009;87: 618-21.
44. Zahn R, Schiele R, Kilkowski C, Klein B, Zeymer U, Werling C, Lehmann A, Layer G, Saggau W. There are two sides to everything: two cases reports on sequelae of rescue interventions to treat complications of trancatheter aortic valve implantation of Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
45. Dawkins S, Hobson AR, Kalra PR, Tang ATM, Monro JL, Dawkins KD. Permanent pacemaker implantation after isolated aortic valve replacement: incidence, indications, and predictors. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;85:108-12.
46. Koplan BA, Stevensomn WG, Epstein LM, Aranki SF, Maisel WH. Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003;41:795-801.
47. Piazza N, Onuma Y, Jesserun E, Kint PP, Maugenest AM, Anderson RH, de Jaegere PPY, Serruys PW. Early and persistent intraventricular conduction abnormalities and requirements for pacemaking after percutaneous replacement of the aortic valve. J. Am. Coll. Intv. 2008;1:310-6.
48. Baan J, Yong ZY, Koch KT, Henriques JPS, Bouma BJ, Vis MM, Cocchieri R, Piek JJ, de Mol BAJM. Factors associated with cardiac conduction disorders and permanent pacemaker implantation after percutaneous aortic valve implantation with the Corevalve prosthesis. Am. Heart J. 2010;159:497-503.
49. Sinhal A, Altwegg L, Pasupati S, Humphries KH, Allard M, Martin P, Cheung A, Ye J, Kerr C, Lichtenstein SV, Webb JG. Atrioventricular block after transcatheter balloon expandable aortic valve implantation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv. 2008;1:305-9.
50. Moreno R, Dobarro D, Lopez de Sà E, Prieto M, Morales C, Orbe LC, Moreno-Gomez I, Filguerias D, Sanchez-Recalde A, Galeote G, Jimenez-Valero S, Lopez-Sendon JL. Cause of complete atrioventricular block after percutaneous aortic valve implantation. Circulation 2009;120:e29-e30.
51. Godin M, Eltchaninoff H, Furuta A, Tron C, Anselme F, Bejar K, Sanchez-Giron C, Bauer F, Litzler PY, Bessou JP, Cribier A. Frequency of conduction disturbances after trancatheter implantation of an Edwards Sapien aortic valve prosthesis. Am. J. Cardiol. 2010;106:707-12.
52. Bombien R, Humme T, Schunke M, Lutter G. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: computed tomography scan after valved stent implantation in human cadaver hearts. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2009;36:592-4.
53. Ussia GP, Barbanti M, Immè S, Scarabelli M, Mulè M, Cammalleri V, Aruta P, Pistritto AM, Capodanno D, Deste W, Di Pasqua MC, Tamburino C. Management of implant failure during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Cath. Cardiovasc. Intv. 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
54. Détaint D, Lepage L, Himberg D, Brochet E, Messika-Zeitoun D, Iung B, Vahanian A. Determinants of significant paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter artic valve implantation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv. 2009;2:821-7.
55. Ionescu A, Fraser AG, Bruchart EG. Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental paraprosthetic valvar regurgitation: a prospective study using transesophageal echocardiography. Heart 2003;89:1316-21.
56. Azadani AN, Jaussaud N, Matthews PB, Ge L, Guy S, Chuter TAM, Tseng EE. Energy loss due to paravalvular leak with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009;88:1857-63.
57. Zegdi R, Khabbaz Z, Ciobataru V, Noghin M, Deloche A, Fabiani JN. Calcific bicuspid aortic stenosis: a questionable indication for endovascular valve implantation ? Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;85:342.
58. Zegdi R, Ciobataru V, Noghin M, Sleilaty G, Lafint A, Latremouille C, Deloche A, JN Fabiani. Is it reasonable to treat all calcified stenotic aortic valves with a valved stent ? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008;51:579-84.
59. Zegdi R, Lecuyer L, Achouh P, Blanchard D, Lafont A, Latremouille C, Fabiani JN. Increased radial force improves stent deployment in tricuspid, but not in bicuspid stenotic native aortic valves. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2010;89:768-72.
60. Chiam PTL, Chao VTT, Tan SY, Koh TH, Lee CY, Tho VYS, Sin YK, Chua YL. Percutaneous transcatheter heart valve implantation in a bicuspid aortic valve. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2010;3:559-61.
61. Wijesinghe N, Ye J, Rodas-Cabau J, Cheung A, Velianou J, Natarajan M, Dumont E, Nietlispach F, Gurvitch R, Wood D, Tai E, Webb J. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis. Heart Lung Circ. 2010;19S:S156.
62. Vanden Eynden F, Bouchard D, El-Hamamsy I, Butnaru A, Demers P, Carrier M, Perrault LP, Tardif JC, Pellerin M. Effect of aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis on severity of mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2007;83:1279-84.
63. Waisbren EC, Stevens LM, Avery EG, Picard MH, Vlahakes GJ, Agnihotri AK. Changes in mitral regurgitation after replacement of the stenotic aortic valve. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2008;86:56-62.
64. Wan CKN, Suri RM, Li Z, Orszulak TA, Daly RC, Schaff HV, Sundt TM. Management of moderate functional mitral regurgitation at the time of aortic valve replacement: is concomitant valve repair necessary ?- J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009;137:635-40.
65. Feldman T, Kar S, Rinaldi M, Fail P, Hermiller J, Smalling R, Whitlow PL, Gray W, Low R, Hermann HC, Lim S, Foster E, Glower D. EVEREST Investigators. Percutaneous mitral repair with the MitraClip system: safety and midtterm durability in the initial EVEREST cohort. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54:686-94.
66. Tzikas A, Piaza N, van Dalen BM, Schultz C, Geleijnse ML, van Geuns RJ, Galema TW, Nuis RJ, Otten A, Gutierrez-Chico JL, Serruys PW, de Jaegere PP. Changes in mitral regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc. Intv. 2010;75:43-49.
67. Gotzmann M, Lindstaedt M, Bojara W, Mugger A, Germing A. Hemodynamic results and changes in myocardial function after transcatheter aortic vave implantation. Am. Heart J. 2010;159:926-32.
68. Piazza N, Marra S, Webb J, D'Amico M, Rinaldi M, Boffini M, Comoglio C, Scacciatella P, Kappetein AP, de Jaegere P, Serruys PW. Two cases of aneurysm of the anterior mitral valve leaflet associated with transcatheter aorti valve endocarditis: a mere coincidence ? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010;140:e36-8.
69. Al-Attar N, Ghodbane W, Himbert D, Rau C, Raffoul R, Messika-Zeitun D, Bochet E, Vahanian A, Nataf P. Unexpected complications of transapical aortic valve implantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2009;88:90-4.
70. Walther T, Rastan A, Falck V, Lehmann S, Garbade J, Funkat AK, Mohr FW, Gummert JF. Patient prosthesis mismatch affects short- and long-term outcomes after aortic valve replacement. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2006;30:15-9.
71. Mohty D, Dumesnil JG, Echahidi N, Mathieu P, Dagenais F, Voisine P, Pibarot P. Impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch on long-term survival after aortic valve replacement: influence of age, obesity, and left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;53:39-47.
72. Blackstone EH, Cosgrove DM, Jamieson EWR, Birkmeyer NJ, Lemmer JH, Miller CG, Butchart EG, Rizzoli G, Yacoub M, Chai A. Prosthesis size and long-term survival after aortic vave replacement. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2003;126:783-96.
73. Moon MR, Lawton JS, Moazami N, Munfakk NA, Pasque MK, Damiano RJ. POINT: Prosthesis-patient mismatch does not affect suvival for patients greater than 70 years of age undergoing bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2009137:278-83.
74. .Jilaihawi H, Chin D, Spyt T, Jeilan M, Vasa-Nicotera M, Bence J, Logtens E, Kovac J. Prosthesis-patient mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the Medtronic Corevalve bioprosthesis. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31:857-64.
75. Vranckx P, Otten A, Schultz C, Van Domburg R, de Jaegere P, Seruys PW. Assisted circulation using the Tandemheart, percutaneous traseptal left ventricular assist device, during percutaneous aortic valve implantation: the Rotterdam experience. Eurointervention 2009;5:465-9.
76. Adams HP. Ischemic cerebrovascular complications of cardiac procedures. Circulation 2010;121:846-7.
77. Stolz E, Gerriets T, Kluge A, Klovekorn WP, Kaps M, Bachmann G. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neurobiochemical markers after aortic valve replacement. Stroke 2004;35:888-92.
78. Knipp SC, Matatko N, Schlamann M, Wilhelm H, Thielmann M, Forsting M, Diener HC, Jakob H. Small ischemic brain lesions after cardiac valve replacement detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: relation to neurocognitive function. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2005;28:88-96.
79. Floyd TF, Shah PN, Price CC, Harris F, Ratcliffe SJ, Acker MA, Bavaria JE, Rahmouni H, Kuersten B, Wiegers S, McGarvey ML, Woo JY, Pochettino AA, Melhem ER.Clinically silent cerebral ischemic events after cardiac surgery: their incidence, regional vascular occurrence, and procedural dependence. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2006;81: 2160-6.
80. Omran H, Schmidt H, Hackenbroch M, Illien S, Bernhardt P, von der Recke G, Fimmers R, Flacke S, Layer G, Pohl C, Luderitz B, Schild H, Sommer T. Silent and apparent cerebral embolism after retrograde catheterisation of the aortic valve in valvular stenosis: a prospective, randomised study. Lancet 2003;361:1241-46.
81. Ghanem A, Muller A, Nahle CP, Kocurek J, Werner N, Hammerstingl C, Schild HH, Schwab JO, Mellert F, Fimmers R, Nickenig G, Thomas D. Risk and fate of cerebral embolism after transfemoral aortic valve implantation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010;55: 1427-32.
82. Kahlert P, Knipp SC Schlamann M, Thielmann M, Al-Rashid F, Weber M, Johansson U, Wendt D, Jakob HG, Forsting M, Sack S, Erbel R, Eggebrecht H. Silent and apparent cerebral ischemia after percutaneous transfemoral aortic valve implantation. Circulation 2010;121:870-8.
83. Gurvitch R, Wood DA, Tay EL, Leipsic J, Ye J, Lichtestein SV, Thompson CR, Carere RG, Wijesinghe N, Nietlispach F, Boone RH, Lauck S, Cheung A, Webb JG. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Durability of clinical and hemodynamic outcomes beyond 3 years in a large patient cohort. Circulation 2010;122;1319-27.
84. Pasupati S, Puri A, Devlin G, Fisher R. Trancatheter aortic valve implantation complicated by acute structural valve failure requiring immediate valve-in-valve implantation. Heart Lung Circulation 2010 (electronic publication; ahead of print).
85. Zahn R, Schiele R, Kilwoski C, Zeymer U. Severe aortic regurgitation after percutaneous transcatheter aortic valve implantation: on th eimportance to clarify the underlyig pathology. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 2010;99:193-7.
86. Zegdi R, Blanchard D, Achouh P, Lafont A, Berrebi A, Cholley B, Fabiani JN. Deployed Edwards Sapien prosthesis is always deformed. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010;140:e54-6.
87. Noble S, Asgar A, Cartier R, Virmani R, Bonan R. Anatomo-pathological analysis after Corevalve Revalving sytem implantation. Eurointervention 2009;5:78-85.
88. Bagur R, Webb JG, Nietlispach F, Durmont E, De Larochelliere R, Doyle D, Masson JB, Gutiérrez MJ, Clavel MA, Bertrand OF, Pibarot P, Rodés-Cabau J. Acute kidney injury following transcatheter valve implantation: predictive factors, prognostic value, and comparison with surgical aortica valve replacement. Eur. Heart J. 2010;31:865-74.
89. Tzikas A, Schultz C, Piazza N, van Geuns RJ, Serruys PW, de Jaegere PP. Perforation of the membranous interventircular septum after trancatheter aortic valve implantation. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv. 2009;2:582-3.
90. Trepels T, Martens S, Doss M, Fichtlescherer S, Schachinger V. Thrombotic restenosis after minimally invasive implantation of aprtic valve stent. Circulation 2009;120:e23-e24.
91. Akins CW, Miller CD, Turina MI, Kouchoukos NT, Blackstone EH, Grunkemeier GL, Takkenberg JJM, David TE, Butchart EG, Adams DH, Shahian DM, Hagl S, Mayer JE, Lytle BW. Guidelines for reporting mortality and morbidity after cardiac valve interventions. Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. 2008;33:523-8.
92. Vassiliades TA, Block PC, Cohn LH, Adams DH, Borer JS, Feldman T, Holmes DR, Laskey WK, Lytle BW, Mack MJ, Williams DO. The clinical development of percutaneous heart valve technology: a position statement of the STS, AATS and SCAI. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. 2005;129:970-6.