Silicones as nonocclusive topical agents

Skin Pharmacology and Physiology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 164-171

  De Paepe, K ^a   Sieg, A ^b   Le Meur, M ^b   Rogiers, V ^a  

^a VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

^b Dow Corning SA Belgium   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Biophysical measurements; Dimethicone; Dimethicone crosspolymer; Dimethiconol; Forearm skin test model; Occlusivity; Skin hydration; Transepidermal water loss

Indexed keywords

DIMETHICONOL; DIMETICONE; PETROLATUM; SILASTIC; SILICONE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WHITE PETROLATUM; EMOLLIENT AGENT; EXCIPIENT; OIL; WATER;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREAM; CUTANEOUS PARAMETERS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN CARE; SKIN PERMEABILITY; SKIN WATER LOSS; WATER VAPOR; YOUNG ADULT; CHEMISTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFECT; FOREARM; INTRADERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; METABOLISM; PERMEABILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKIN; THERMOREGULATION; TIME;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ADULT; EMOLLIENTS; EXCIPIENTS; FEMALE; FOREARM; HUMANS; OILS; PERMEABILITY; PETROLATUM; SILICONES; SKIN; TIME FACTORS; WATER; WATER LOSS, INSENSIBLE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84892739924     PISSN: 16605527     EISSN: 16605535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000354914     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Van Reeth I, Wilson A: Understanding factors which influence permeability of silicones and their derivatives. Cosmet Toilet 1994; 109: 87-92.
2. Colas A: Introduction to silicone chemistry, part of the chapter 'Silicones in industrial applications'; in De Jaeger R, Gleria M (eds): Inorganic Polymers. Hauppauge, Nova Science Publishers, 2007, pp 61-161.
3. Garaud JL: Silicones in personal care applications, part of the chapter 'Silicones in industrial applications'; in De Jaeger R, Gleria M (eds): Inorganic Polymers. Hauppauge, Nova Science Publishers, 2007, pp 61-161.
4. Mustoe TA: Evolution of silicone therapy and mechanism of action in scar management. Aesth Plast Surg 2008; 32: 82-92.
5. Glombitza B, Müller-Goymann CC: Investigation of interactions between silicones and stratum corneum lipids. Int J Cosmet Sci 2001; 23: 25-34.
6. Owen MJ: Why silicones behave funny. Chim Nouv 2004; 22: 27-33.
7. Kraft JN, Lynde CW: Moisturizers: what they are and a practical approach to product selection. Skin Ther Lett 2005; 10: 1-8.
8. Disapio A, Fridd P: Silicones: use of substantive properties on skin and hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 1988; 10: 75-89.
9. Short RW, Chan JL, Choi JM, Egbert BM, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB: Effects of moisturization on epidermal homeostasis and differentiation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32: 88-90.
10. Pharmaceutical excipients online. 2012. http:// www.medicinescomplete.com (accessed March 3, 2012).
11. Lanzet M: Comedogenic effects of cosmetic raw materials. Cosmet Toilet 1986; 101: 63-72.
12. Van Reeth I: Silicones-a key ingredient in cosmetic and toiletry formulations; in Barel AO, Paye M, Maibach HI (eds): Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, ed 3. London, Informa Healthcare, 2009, pp 371-380.
13. Powell V, Thimineur R: New developments in alkyl silicones. Cosmet Toilet 1993; 108: 87-93.
14. Zhai H, Brachman F, Pelosi A, Anigbogu A, Ramos MB, Torralba MC, Maibach HI: A bioengineering study on the efficacy of a skin protectant lotion in preventing SLS-induced dermatitis. Skin Res Dermatol 2000; 6: 77-80.
15. Buraczewska I, Broström U, Lodén M: Artificial reduction in transepidermal water loss improves skin barrier function. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157: 82-86.
16. Beeckman D, Schoonhoven L, Verhaeghe S, Heyneman A, Defloor T: Prevention and treatment of incontinence-associated dermatitis: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2009; 65: 1141-1154.
17. Beeckman D, Verhaeghe S, Defloor T, Schoonhoven L, Vanderwee K: A 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth impregnated with dimethicone 3% versus water and pH neutral soap to prevent and treat incontinence-associated dermatitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurse 2011; 38: 627-634.
18. Hoggarth A, Waring M, Alexander J, Greenwood A, Callaghan T: A controlled, three-part trial to investigate the barrier function and skin hydration properties of six skin protectants. Ostomy Wound Manage 2005; 51: 30-42.
19. Flynn TC, Petros J, Clark RE, Viehman GE: Dry skin and moisturizers. Clin Dermatol 2001; 19: 387-392.
20. Berman B, Perez OA, Konda S, Kohut BE, Viera MH, Delgado S, Zell D, Li Q: A review of the biologic effects, clinical efficacy, and safety of silicone elastomer sheeting for hypertrophic and keloid scar treatment and management. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33: 1291-1303.
21. Morrison DS: Petrolatum: a useful classic. Cosmet Toilet 1996; 111: 59-69.
22. Wigger-Alberti W, Elsner P: Petrolatum prevents irritation in a human cumulative exposure model in vivo. Dermatology 1997; 194: 247-250.
23. Lodén M: The clinical benefit of moisturizers. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19: 672-688.
24. Ghadially R, Halkier-Sorensen L, Elias PM: Effects of petrolatum on stratum corneum structure and function. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992; 26: 387-396.
25. Stamatas GN, de Sterke J, Hauser M, von Stetten O, van der Pol A: Lipid uptake and skin occlusion following topical application of oils on adult and infant skin. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 50: 135-142.
26. Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM: The skin: an indispensable barrier. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17: 1063-1072.
27. Visscher MO, Barai N, LaRuffa AA, Pickens WL, Narendran V, Hoath SB: Epidermal barrier treatments based on vernix caseosa. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24: 322-329.
28. Wilson D, Berardesca E, Maibach HI: In vivo transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in assessment of moisturization and soap effects. Int J Cosmet Sci 1988; 10: 201-211.
29. De Paepe K, Rogiers V: Glycerol as humectant in cosmetic formulations; in Rawlings AV, Leyden JJ (eds): Skin Moisturization, ed 2. London, Informa Healthcare, 2009, pp 279-294.
30. Wiedersberg S, Leopold CS, Guy RH: Effects of various vehicles on skin hydration in vivo. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22: 128-130.
31. Nair B, Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel: Final report on the safety assessment of stearoxy dimethicone, dimethicone, methicone, amino bispropyl dimethicone, aminopropyl dimethicone, amodimethicone, amodimethicone hydroxystearate, behenoxy dimethicone, C24-28 alkyl methicone, C30-45 alkyl methicone, C30-45 alkyl dimethicone, cetearyl methicone, cetyl dimethicone, dimethoxysilyl ethylenediaminopropyl dimethicone, hexyl methicone, hydroxypropyldimethicone, stearamidopropyl dimethicone, stearyl dimethicone, stearyl methicone, and vinyldimethicone. Int J Toxicol 2003; 22(suppl 2):11-35.
32. Lambert J: Silicone safety and the cosmetic industry. Cosmet Toilet 2011; 126: 810-815.
33. Rowe VK, Spencer HC, Bass SL: Toxicological studies on certain commercial silicones and hydrolyzable silane intermediates. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1948; 30: 332-352.
34. Berardesca E: EEMCO guidance for the assessment of stratum corneum hydration: electrical methods. Skin Res Technol 1997; 3: 126-132.
35. Rogiers V, EEMCO Group: EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2001; 14: 117-128.
36. Imhof RE, De Jesus MEP, Xiao P, Ciortea LI, Berg EP: Closed-chamber transepidermal water loss measurement: microclimate, calibration and performance. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31: 97-118.
37. Kleesz P, Darlenski R, Fluhr JW: Full-body skin mapping for six biophysical parameters: baseline values at 16 anatomical sites in 125 human subjects. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 25: 25-33.
38. Lodén M: The increase in skin hydration after application of emollients with different amounts of lipids. Acta Derm Venereol 1992; 72: 327-330.
39. Farahmand S, Tien L, Hui X, Maibach HI: Measuring transepidermal water loss: a comparative in vivo study of condenser-chamber, unventilated-chamber and open-chamber systems. Skin Res Technol 2009; 15: 392-398.
40. Courage W: Hardware and measuring principle: corneometer; in Elsner P, Berardesca E, Maibach H (eds): Bioengineering of the Skin. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1994, pp 171-175.
41. Lodén M, Lindberg M: The influence of a single application of different moisturizers on the skin capacitance. Acta Derm Venereol 1991; 71: 79-82.
42. Li F, Conroy E, Visscher M, Wickett RR: The ability of electrical measurements to predict skin moisturization. II. Correlation between one-hour measurements and long term results. J Cosmet Sci 2001; 52: 23-33.
43. Wickett RR: The evolution of skin measurement technology. IFSCC Chronicle 2009; 12: 173-175.
44. Courage & Khazaka Electronic GmbH: Manual Corneometer ® CM825. 2010. http://www. courage-khazaka.de/products/p-cm-825. htm (accessed February 12, 2012).
45. Marques JPP, Basso DSB, Nunes AS: A new technique associated with the evaporimetry method for evaluating occlusion. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007; 29: 97-102.
46. Wiedersberg S, Leopold CS, Guy RH: Dermatopharmacokinetics of betamethasone 17-valerate: influence of formulation viscosity and skin surface cleaning procedure. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 362-366.
47. Fluhr JW, Gloor M, Lehmann L, Lazzerini S, Distante F, Berardesca E: Glycerol accelerates recovery of barrier function in vivo. Acta Derm Venereol 1999; 79: 418-421.
48. De Paepe K, Wibaux A, Ward C, Rogiers V: Skin efficacy and biophysical assessment of glycerol-containing hydrocolloid patches. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 22: 258-265.