Closed-chamber transepidermal water loss measurement: Microclimate, calibration and performance

International Journal of Cosmetic Science

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 97-118

  Imhof, R E ^a,b   De Jesus, M E P ^c   Xiao, P ^b   Ciortea, L I ^b   Berg, E P ^b  

^a LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Biox Systems Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BEIRA INTERIOR   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Barrier property; Calibration; Closed chamber; Microclimate; PIE; TEWL

Indexed keywords

CALIBRATION; LABORATORY TEST; MICROCLIMATE; PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; SKIN SURFACE; SKIN WATER LOSS; STRATUM CORNEUM; WATER SUPPLY; WATER VAPOR;

CALIBRATION; DERMATOLOGY; HUMANS; MICROCLIMATE; SKIN PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; WATER LOSS, INSENSIBLE;

EID: 61349127266     PISSN: 01425463     EISSN: 14682494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00476.x     Document Type: Review

References (42)

1. Grice, K.A. Transepidermal water loss. In : The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin (Jarrett, A., ed pp. 2116 2146. Academic Press, London (1980).
2. Wilson, D.R. Maibach, H.I. A review of transepidermal water loss. In : Neonatal Skin - Structure and Function (Maibach, H. I. Boisitis, E. K., eds pp. 83 99. Marcel Dekker, New York (1982).
3. Nilsson, G.E. Measurement of water exchange through skin. Med. Biol. Comput. 15, 209 218 (1977).
4. Nilsson, G.E. Oeberg, A.P. Method and Apparatus for Determining the Amount of a Substance Emitted by Diffusion From a Surface Such as a Derm Surface. USA Patent 4066068 (1978).
5. Rogiers, V. and the EEMCO Group. EEMCO guidance for the assessment of transepidermal water loss in cosmetic sciences. Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 14, 117 128 (2001).
6. Pinnagoda, J., Tupker, R.A., J., A. Serup, J. Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement. A Report from the Standardization Group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Derm. 22, 164 178 (1990).
7. Wallihan, E.F. Modification and use of an electric hygrometer for estimating relative stomatal apertures. Plant Physiol. 39, 86 90 (1964).
8. Miller, D.L., Brown, A.M. Artz, E.J. Indirect measures of transepidermal water loss. In : Bioengineering and the Skin (Marks, R. Payne, P. A., eds). pp. 161 171. MTP Press, Lancaster (1981).
9. Tagami, H., Kobayashi, H. Kikuchi, K. A portable device using a closed chamber system for measuring transepidermal water loss: comparison with the conventional method. Skin Res. Tech. 8, 7 12 (2002).
10. Nuutinen, J., Alanen, E., Autio, P., Lahtinen, M., Harvima, I. Lahtinen, T. A closed unventilated chamber for the measurement of transepidermal water loss. Skin Res. Tech. 9, 85 89 (2003).
11. Imhof, R.E. Method and Equipment for Measuring Water Vapor Flux From Surfaces. USA Patent 6439028 (2000).
12. Imhof, R.E., O'Driscoll, D., Xiao, P. Berg, E.P. New sensor for water vapour flux. In : Sensors and Their Applications (Augousti, A. T. White, N. M., eds pp. 173 177. Taylor and Francis, London (1999).
13. Imhof, R.E., Berg, E.P., Chilcott, R.P., Ciortea, L.I. Pascut, F.C. New instrument for measuring water vapour flux density from arbitrary surfaces. IFSCC Magazine. 5, 297 301 (2002).
14. Transepidermal Water Loss. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEWL, (2008).
15. Crank, J. The Mathematics of Diffusion, 2 ed. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford (1975).
16. Pinnagoda, J. Hardware and measuring principles: evaporimeter. In : Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Corneum (Elsner, P., Beradesca, E. Maibach, H. I., eds pp. 51 58. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1994).
17. Wheldon, A.E. Monteith, J.L. Performance of a skin evaporimeter. Med. Biol. Comput. 18, 201 205 (1980).
18. Imhof, R.E. Method and Equipment for Measuring Water Vapor Flux From Surfaces. USA Patent (2001).
19. Raithby, G.D. Hollands, K.G.T. Natural convection. In : Handbook of Heat Transfer (Rohsenow, W. M., Hartnett, J. P. Cho, Y. I., eds pp. 4.1 4.99. McGraw-Hill, New York (1998).
20. Çengel, Y.A. Heat Transfer - a Practical Approach. McGraw Hill, Boston (1998).
21. Primavera, G., Fluhr, J.W. Beradesca, E. Standardisation of measurements and guidelines. In : Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Corneum Fluhr, J. W., Elsner, P., Beradesca, E. Maibach, H. I., eds), pp. 84 95, 2 ed. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, U.S.A. (2005).
22. Lévêque, J.-L. Water-keratin interactions. In : Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Corneum (Elsner, P., Beradesca, E. Maibach, H., eds pp. 13 22. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1994).
23. Egawa, M., Oguri, M., Kuwahara, T. Takahashi, M. Effect of exposure of human skin to a dry environment. Skin Res. Tech. 8, 212 218 (2002).
24. Ciortea, L.I., Fonseca, E., Sarramagnan, J. Imhof, R.E. Stratum corneum hydration changes caused by prolonged contact with a TEWL measurement head. In : The Essential Stratum Corneum (Marks, R., Lévêque, J.-L. Voegeli, R., eds pp. 255 257. Martin Dunitz Ltd, London (2002).
25. Wu, M.-S. Water diffusivity and water concentration profile in human stratum corneum from transepidermal water loss measurement. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 34, 191 196 (1983).
26. Blank, I.H., Moloney, J., Emslie, A.G., Simon, I. Apt, C. The diffusion of water across the stratum corneum as a function of its water content. J. Invest. Dermatol. 82, 188 194 (1984).
27. Miteva, M., Richter, S., Elsner, P. Fluhr, J.W. Approaches for optimizing the calibration standard of Tewameter TM 300. Exp. Dermatol. 15, 904 912 (2006).
28. ASTM E96-00: Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, U.S.A. pp. 907 914 1997).
29. Gee, R.M., Bell, S.A., Imhof, R.E., Stephens, M. Xiao, P. Uncertainty Analysis for the Droplet Method of Water Vapour Flux Calibration. 5th International Symposium on Humidity and Moisture. Rio de Janeiro (2006). Available for download from http://www.biox.biz.
30. Gee, R.M., Bell, S.A., Imhof, R.E., Stephens, M., Xiao, P. the TEWL Calibration Consortium. Traceable Calibrations for Water Vapour Flux Instruments. 5th International symposium on humidity and moisture. Rio de Janeiro (2006). Available for download from http://www.biox.biz.
31. De Paepe, K., Houben, E., Adam, R., Wiesemann, F. Rogiers, V. Validation of the VapoMeter, a closed unventilated chamber system to assess transepidermal water loss vs. the open chamber Tewameter. Skin Res. Tech. 11, 61 69 (2005).
32. Jones, C., Bennett, S. Matheson, J.R. Closed chamber and open chamber TEWL measurement: a comparison of Dermalab and AquaFlux AF102 instruments. Skin Res. Tech. 11, 296 (Abstracts 2005).
33. Fluhr, J.W., Feingold, K.R. Elias, P.M. Transepidermal water loss reflects permeability barrier status: validation in human and rodent in vivo and ex vivo models. Exp. Dermatol. 15, 483 492 (2006).
34. Imhof, R.E., Xiao, P., Berg, E.P. Ciortea, L.I. Franz Cell Barrier Integrity Assessment Using a Condenser-Chamber TEWL Instrument. US Symposium of the International Society for Biophysics and Skin Imaging, Atlanta (2006). Available for download from http://www.biox.biz.
35. Pinnagoda, J., Tupker, R.A., Coenraads, P.J. Nater, J.P. Comparability and reproducibility of the results of water loss measurements: a study of 4 evaporimeters. Contact Derm. 20, 241 246 (1989).
36. Barel, A.O. Clarys, P. Comparison of methods for measurement of transepidermal water loss. In : Handbook of non-Invasive Methods and the Skin (Serup, J. Jemec, G., eds pp. 179 184. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton (1995).
37. Grove, G.L., Grove, M.J., Zerweck, C. Pierce, E. Comparative metrology of the evaporimeter and the DermaLab TEWL probe. Skin Res. Tech. 5, 1 8 (1999).
38. Imhof, R.E., Xiao, P., Berg, E. Ciortea, L.I. Rapid Measurement of TEWL With a Condenser-Chamber Instrument. 15th International Meeting of the ISBS and 2nd Joint International Meeting of ISBS and ISSI, Philadelphia (2005). Available for download from http://www.biox.biz.
39. Shah, J.H., Zhai, H. Maibach, H.I. Comparative evaporimetry in man. Skin Res. Tech. 11, 205 208 (2005).
40. Raynor, B., Ashbrenner, E., Garofalo, M., Cohen, J. Akin, F. The practical dynamics of transepidermal water loss (TEWL): pharmacokinetic modeling and the limitations of closed-chamber evaporimetry. Skin Res. Tech. 10, 3 (Abstract 2004).
41. Rosado, C., Pinto, C. Rodrigues, L.M. Comparative assessment of the performance of two generations of Tewameter: TM210 and TM300. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 27, 237 241 (2005).
42. Berardesca, E. Elsner, P. Dynamic measurements: the plastic occlusion stress test (POST) and the moisture accumulation test (MAT). In : Bioengineering of the Skin: Water and the Stratum Corneum (Elsner, P., Beradesca, E. Maibach, H. I., eds pp. 97 102. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1994).