Is it time to challenge the established theories surrounding type 1 diabetes?

Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics

Volumn 103, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 120-123

  Ludvigsson, Johnny ^a  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Aetiology; Autoimmunity; Pathogenesis; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

GLUTEN;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; DIABETOGENESIS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; HYGIENE; INNERVATION; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULITIS; LIFESTYLE; MILK; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; THEORY; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS;

AETIOLOGY; AUTOIMMUNITY; PATHOGENESIS; TYPE 1 DIABETES; TYPE 2 DIABETES;

AUTOIMMUNITY; CHILD; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; HUMANS; INSULIN; INSULIN-SECRETING CELLS;

EID: 84892578610     PISSN: 08035253     EISSN: 16512227     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/apa.12452     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. Eisenbarth GS,. Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1360-8.
2. Gepts W, Lecompte PM,. The pancreatic islets in diabetes. Am J Med 1981; 70: 105-15.
3. Bottazzo GF, Florin-Christensen A, Doniach D,. Islet-cell antibodies in diabetes mellitus with autoimmune polyendocrine deficiencies. Lancet 1974; 2: 1279-83.
4. Thomsen M, Platz P, Andersen OO, Christy M, Lyngsøoe, Nerup J, et al. MLC typing in juvenile diabetes mellitus and idiopathic Addison's disease. Transplant Rev 1975; 22: 125-47.
5. Sutherland DE, Sibley R, Xu XZ, Michael A, Srikanta AM, Taub F, et al. Twin-to-twin pancreas transplantation: reversal and reenactment of the pathogenesis of type I diabetes. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1984; 97: 80-7.
6. Atkinson MA, Gianani R,. The pancreas in human type 1 diabetes: providing new answers to age-old questions. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16: 279-85.
7. Yoon JW, Austin M, Onodera T, Notkins AL,. Isolation of a virus from the pancreas of a child with diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 1173-9.
8. Tauriainen S, Oikarinen S, Oikarinen M, Hyöty H,. Enteroviruses in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33: 45-55.
9. Knip M, Virtanen SM, Becker D, Dupré J, Krischer JP, Åkerblom HK, TRIGR Study Group. Early feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes: experiences from the Trial to Reduce Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR). Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94 Suppl 6: 1814S-20S.
10. Vaarala O,. The role of the gut in beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: a hypothesis. Pediatr Diabetes 2000; 1: 217-25.
11. Kolb H, Elliott RB,. Increasing incidence of IDDM a consequence of improved hygiene? Diabetologia 1994; 37: 729.
12. Ludvigsson J,. Why diabetes incidence increases-a unifying theory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1079: 374-82.
13. Soleimanpour SA, Stoffers DA,. The pancreatic β cell and type 1 diabetes: innocent bystander or active participant? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24: 324-31.
14. Samuelsson U, Lindblad B, Carlsson A, Forsander G, Ivarsson S, Kockum I, et al. Better Diabetes Diagnosis study group. Residual beta cell function at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents varies with gender and season. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013; 29: 85-9.
15. Ludvigsson J, Carlsson A, Deli A, Forsander G, Ivarsson SA, Kockum I, et al. Decline of C-peptide during the first year after diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 100: 203-9.
16. Brooks-Worrell BM, Juneja R, Minokadeh A, Greenbaum CJ, Palmer JP,. Cellular immune responses to human islet proteins in antibody-positive type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 1999; 48: 983-8.
17. Winkler C, Raab J, Grallert H, Ziegler AG,. Lack of association of type 2 diabetes susceptibility genotypes and body weight on the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7: e35410.
18. Carlsson A, Kockum I, Lindblad B, Engleson L, Nilsson A, Forsander G, et al. Swedish Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study Group. Low risk HLAD Q and increased body mass index in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study in Sweden. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36: 718-24.
19. Herold KC, Hagopian W, Auger JA, Poumian-Ruiz E, Taylor L, Donaldson D, et al. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in new-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1692-8.
20. Herold KC, Gitelman SE, Masharani U, Hagopian W, Bisikirska B, Donaldson D, et al. A single course of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody hOKT3gamma1(Ala-Ala) results in improvement in C peptide responses and clinical parameters for at least 2 years after onset of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005; 54: 1763-9.
21. Keymeulen B, Vandemeulebroucke E, Ziegler AG, Mathieu C, Kaufman L, Hale G, et al. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2598-608.
22. Keymeulen B, Walter M, Mathieu C, Kaufman L, Gorus F, Hilbrands R, et al. Four-year metabolic outcome of a randomised controlled CD3-antibody trial in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients depends on their age and baseline residual beta cell mass. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 614-23.
23. Pescovitz MD, Greenbaum CJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Becker DJ, Gitelman SE, Goland R, et al. Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Anti-CD20 Study Group Rituximab, B-lymphocyte depletion, and preservation of beta-cell function. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2143-52.
24. Raz I, Elias D, Avron A, Tamir M, Metzger M, Cohen IR,. Beta-cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes and immunomodulation with a heat-shock protein peptide (DiaPep277): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. Lancet 2001; 358: 1749-53.
25. Ludvigsson J, Faresjo M, Hjorth M, Axelsson S, Cheramy M, Pihl M, et al. GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1909-20.
26. Sherry N, Hagopian W, Ludvigsson J, Jain SM, Wahlen J, Ferry RJ Jr, et al. Teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes (Protégé study): 1-year results from a randomised, placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 2011; 378: 487-97.
27. Ludvigsson J, Krisky D, Casas R, Battelino T, Castaño L, Greening J, et al. GAD65 antigen therapy in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 433-42.
28. Gottlieb P, et al. Abstract ADA 2011.
29. Raz I, et al. Abstract ADA 2012.
30. Moran A, Bundy B, Becker DJ, DiMeglio LA, Gitelman SE, Goland R, et al. Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2013; 381: 1905-15.