메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 97-107

Changes in thyroid hormone metabolism and gene expression in the failing heart: Therapeutic implications

Author keywords

Amiodarone; Analogues; Atrial fibrillation; Autoimmune; Cardiac myocyte; Deiodinase; Elderly; Heart failure; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertrophy; LDL cholesterol; Low T3 syndrome; Myocardial infarction; Nonthyroidal illness; Pulmonary hypertension; QT; Skeletal muscle; Subclinical thyroid disease

Indexed keywords


EID: 84891458737     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-1143-4_10     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 35148895083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and the heart
    • Klein I, Danzi S (2007) Thyroid disease and the heart. Circulation 116:1725-1735
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1725-1735
    • Klein, I.1    Danzi, S.2
  • 2
    • 0035864975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Klein I, Ojamaa K (2001) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 344:501-509
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 501-509
    • Klein, I.1    Ojamaa, K.2
  • 3
    • 0036018269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular action of thyroid hormone on the heart
    • Dillmann WH (2002) Cellular action of thyroid hormone on the heart. Thyroid 12:447-452
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 447-452
    • Dillmann, W.H.1
  • 4
    • 23744445796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action in the heart
    • Kahaly GJ, Dillmann WH (2005) Thyroid hormone action in the heart. Endocrine Rev 26:704-728
    • (2005) Endocrine Rev , vol.26 , pp. 704-728
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Dillmann, W.H.2
  • 6
    • 0017330981 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in hypothy-roidism. Response to gradual thyroxine replacement
    • Crowley WF Jr, Ridgway EC, Bough EW et al (1977) Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in hypothy-roidism. Response to gradual thyroxine replacement. N Engl J Med 296:1-6
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.296 , pp. 1-6
    • Crowley Jr., W.F.1    Ridgway, E.C.2    Bough, E.W.3
  • 7
    • 47549111033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease
    • Libby P, Bonow R, Mann D, Zipes D (eds) Saunders, Philadelphia
    • Klein I (2008) Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow R, Mann D, Zipes D (eds) Braun-wald's Heart disease, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 2033-2047
    • (2008) Braun-wald's Heart Disease, 8th Edn , pp. 2033-2047
    • Klein, I.1
  • 8
    • 84857840936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of hypertension and thyroid disease
    • Mohler ER, Townsend RR (eds) BC Decker, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
    • Danzi S, Klein I (2006) Treatment of hypertension and thyroid disease. In: Mohler ER, Townsend RR (eds) Advanced therapy in hypertension and vascular disease. BC Decker, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, pp 354-360
    • (2006) Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease , pp. 354-360
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 10
    • 3142552579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation
    • Danzi S, Klein I (2003) Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation. Curr Hypertens Rep 5:513-520
    • (2003) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.5 , pp. 513-520
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 11
    • 0036964889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: The relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Fazio S (2002) Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: the relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:968-974
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 968-974
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Lombardi, G.3    Fazio, S.4
  • 12
    • 0034099271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a place for the late cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation
    • Nakazawa H, Lythall DA, Noh J et al (2000) Is there a place for the late cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 21:327-333
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.21 , pp. 327-333
    • Nakazawa, H.1    Lythall, D.A.2    Noh, J.3
  • 13
    • 0026286085 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroid my-opathy and the response to treatment
    • Olsen B, Klein I, Benner R et al (1991) Hyperthyroid my-opathy and the response to treatment. Thyroid 1:137-141
    • (1991) Thyroid , vol.1 , pp. 137-141
    • Olsen, B.1    Klein, I.2    Benner, R.3
  • 14
    • 0035909919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of hyperthyroidism and its correction on vascular reactivity in humans
    • Napoli R, Biondi B, Guardasole V et al (2001) Impact of hyperthyroidism and its correction on vascular reactivity in humans. Circulation 104:3076-3080
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 3076-3080
    • Napoli, R.1    Biondi, B.2    Guardasole, V.3
  • 15
    • 33750957698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism: A secondary cause of isolated systolic hypertension
    • Prisant LM, Gujral JS, Mulloy AL (2006) Hyperthyroidism: a secondary cause of isolated systolic hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 8:596-599
    • (2006) J Clin Hypertens , vol.8 , pp. 596-599
    • Prisant, L.M.1    Gujral, J.S.2    Mulloy, A.L.3
  • 16
    • 3242679724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial contractility and total arterial stiffness in patients with overt hyperthyroidism: Acute effects of beta1-adrenergic blockade
    • Palmieri EA, Fazio S, Palmieri V et al (2004) Myocardial contractility and total arterial stiffness in patients with overt hyperthyroidism: acute effects of beta1-adrenergic blockade. Eur J Endocrinol 150:757-62.
    • (2004) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.150 , pp. 757-762
    • Palmieri, E.A.1    Fazio, S.2    Palmieri, V.3
  • 17
    • 33947536866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between blood pressure and serum TSH concentration within the reference range: A population-based study
    • Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen T, Vatten LJ (2007) Association between blood pressure and serum TSH concentration within the reference range: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:841-5
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 841-845
    • Asvold, B.O.1    Bjoro, T.2    Nilsen, T.3    Vatten, L.J.4
  • 18
    • 0034769910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of short-time application of a low sodium diet on blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during therapy
    • Marcisz C, Jonderko G, Kucharz EJ (2001) Influence of short-time application of a low sodium diet on blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during therapy. Am J Hypertens 14:995-1002
    • (2001) Am J Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 995-1002
    • Marcisz, C.1    Jonderko, G.2    Kucharz, E.J.3
  • 19
    • 0030789341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac b-adrenergic responsiveness in conscious baboons
    • Hoit BD, Khoury SF, Shao Y et al (1997) Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac b-adrenergic responsiveness in conscious baboons. Circulation 96:592-598
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 592-598
    • Hoit, B.D.1    Khoury, S.F.2    Shao, Y.3
  • 20
    • 0038403810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of the plasma renin hormonal control system that regulates blood pressure and sodium balance for correctly treating hypertension and for evaluating ALLHAT
    • Laragh JH, Sealey JE (2003) Relevance of the plasma renin hormonal control system that regulates blood pressure and sodium balance for correctly treating hypertension and for evaluating ALLHAT. Am J Hypertens 16:407-415
    • (2003) Am J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 407-415
    • Laragh, J.H.1    Sealey, J.E.2
  • 21
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hy-pothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ et al (2000) Subclinical hy-pothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 132:270-278
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3
  • 22
    • 34249854618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of l-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothe-lial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothy-roidism: Randomised, crossover trial
    • Razvi S, Ingoe L, Keeka G et al (2007) The beneficial effect of l-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothe-lial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothy-roidism: randomised, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:1715-1723
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1715-1723
    • Razvi, S.1    Ingoe, L.2    Keeka, G.3
  • 23
    • 16644391796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • Biondi B, Klein I (2004) Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endocrine 24:1-14
    • (2004) Endocrine , vol.24 , pp. 1-14
    • Biondi, B.1    Klein, I.2
  • 24
    • 0034748465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hy-perthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation
    • Auer J, Scheibner P, Mische T et al (2001) Subclinical hy-perthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 142:838-842
    • (2001) Am Heart J , vol.142 , pp. 838-842
    • Auer, J.1    Scheibner, P.2    Mische, T.3
  • 25
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thy-rotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons
    • Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA et al (1994) Low serum thy-rotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med 331:1249-1252
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3
  • 26
    • 0028782187 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action
    • Brent G (1994) The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. N Engl J Med 331:847-853
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 847-853
    • Brent, G.1
  • 27
    • 0025687882 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors
    • Lazar MA, Chin WW (1990) Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. J Clin Invest 86:1777-1782
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 1777-1782
    • Lazar, M.A.1    Chin, W.W.2
  • 28
    • 0034045480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors
    • Hu X, Lazar MA (2000) Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:6-10
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 6-10
    • Hu, X.1    Lazar, M.A.2
  • 29
    • 0141733258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of antisense RNA in coordinating cardiac myosin heavy chain gene switching
    • Haddad F, Bodell PW, Qin AX et al (2003) Role of antisense RNA in coordinating cardiac myosin heavy chain gene switching. J Biol Chem 278:37132-37138
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 37132-37138
    • Haddad, F.1    Bodell, P.W.2    Qin, A.X.3
  • 30
    • 47549105304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of myosin heavy chain genes a and b in the rat atria and ventricles: Role of antisense RNA
    • Danzi S, Klein S, Klein I (2008) Differential regulation of myosin heavy chain genes a and b in the rat atria and ventricles: role of antisense RNA. Thyroid 18:761-768
    • (2008) Thyroid , vol.18 , pp. 761-768
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, S.2    Klein, I.3
  • 31
    • 0033853497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by thyroid hormone
    • Wu Y, Koenig RJ (2000) Gene regulation by thyroid hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:207-211
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 207-211
    • Wu, Y.1    Koenig, R.J.2
  • 32
    • 0036018267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart
    • Davis PJ, Davis FB (2002) Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart. Thyroid 12:459-466
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 459-466
    • Davis, P.J.1    Davis, F.B.2
  • 33
    • 33749003446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid nongenom-ic actions of thyroid hormone
    • Hiroi Y, Kim H-H, Ying H et al (2006) Rapid nongenom-ic actions of thyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14104-14109
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 14104-14109
    • Hiroi, Y.1    Kim, H.-H.2    Ying, H.3
  • 34
    • 0036191639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
    • Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B et al (2002) Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocrine Rev 23:38-89
    • (2002) Endocrine Rev , vol.23 , pp. 38-89
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Salvatore, D.2    Gereben, B.3
  • 35
    • 24644436920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 iodothy-ronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T3 in eu-thyroid humans
    • Maia AL, Kim BW, Huang SA et al (2005) Type 2 iodothy-ronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T3 in eu-thyroid humans. J Clin Invest 115:2524-2533
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2524-2533
    • Maia, A.L.1    Kim, B.W.2    Huang, S.A.3
  • 36
    • 25144518194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and structural biology of the deiodinases
    • Bianco AC, Larsen PR (2005) Cellular and structural biology of the deiodinases. Thyroid 15:777-786
    • (2005) Thyroid , vol.15 , pp. 777-786
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Larsen, P.R.2
  • 37
    • 0030657629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: Prevention with T3
    • Katzeff HL, Powell SR, Ojamaa K (1997) Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: prevention with T3. Am J Physiol 273:E951-956
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Katzeff, H.L.1    Powell, S.R.2    Ojamaa, K.3
  • 39
    • 13444287756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothy-ronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure
    • Pingitore A, Landi P, Taddei MC et al (2005) Triiodothy-ronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Med 118:132-136
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 132-136
    • Pingitore, A.1    Landi, P.2    Taddei, M.C.3
  • 40
    • 33745175571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase to prevent the nonthyroidal illness syndrome in mice
    • Yu J, Koenig RJ (2006) Induction of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase to prevent the nonthyroidal illness syndrome in mice. Endocrinology 147:3580-3585
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 3580-3585
    • Yu, J.1    Koenig, R.J.2
  • 41
    • 34748872239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function disturbance and type 3 iodothyronine deiod-inase induction after myocardial infarction in rats: A time course study
    • Olivares EL, Marassi MP, Fortunato RS et al (2007) Thyroid function disturbance and type 3 iodothyronine deiod-inase induction after myocardial infarction in rats: a time course study. Endocrinology 148:4786-4792
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 4786-4792
    • Olivares, E.L.1    Marassi, M.P.2    Fortunato, R.S.3
  • 42
    • 0036229326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and lipids
    • Duntas LH (2002) Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid 12:287-293
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 287-293
    • Duntas, L.H.1
  • 43
    • 0019826837 scopus 로고
    • Defects of receptor-mediated low density lipoprotein catabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypothy-roidism in vivo
    • Thompson GR, Soutar AK, Spengel FA et al (1981) Defects of receptor-mediated low density lipoprotein catabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypothy-roidism in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:2591
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.78 , pp. 2591
    • Thompson, G.R.1    Soutar, A.K.2    Spengel, F.A.3
  • 44
    • 0031017068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amiodarone on thyroid function
    • Harjai KJ, Licata AA (2006) Effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Ann Intern Med 126:63-73
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , pp. 63-73
    • Harjai, K.J.1    Licata, A.A.2
  • 45
    • 33744533351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension is frequent in hyperthyroidism and normalizes after therapy
    • Marvisi M, Zambrelli P, Brianti M et al (2006) Pulmonary hypertension is frequent in hyperthyroidism and normalizes after therapy. Eur J Intern Med 17:267-271
    • (2006) Eur J Intern Med , vol.17 , pp. 267-271
    • Marvisi, M.1    Zambrelli, P.2    Brianti, M.3
  • 46
    • 33646162155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension and predominant right heart failure in thyro-toxicosis
    • Paran Y, Nimrod A, Goldin Y, Justo D (2006) Pulmonary hypertension and predominant right heart failure in thyro-toxicosis. Resuscitation 69:339-341
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.69 , pp. 339-341
    • Paran, Y.1    Nimrod, A.2    Goldin, Y.3    Justo, D.4
  • 47
    • 0036043679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog, in the treatment of congestive heart failure
    • Morkin E, Pennock G, Spooner PH et al (2002) Pilot studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog, in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Cardiology 97:218-225
    • (2002) Cardiology , vol.97 , pp. 218-225
    • Morkin, E.1    Pennock, G.2    Spooner, P.H.3
  • 48
    • 70350457660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological replacement of T3 improves left ventricular function in an animal model of myocardial infarction-induced congestive heart failure
    • in press)
    • Henderson KK, Danzi S, Klein I, Samarel A (2009) Physiological replacement of T3 improves left ventricular function in an animal model of myocardial infarction-induced congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail (in press)
    • (2009) Circ Heart Fail
    • Henderson, K.K.1    Danzi, S.2    Klein, I.3    Samarel, A.4
  • 49
    • 0033636462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone metabolism and cardiac gene expression after acute myocardial infarction in the rat
    • Ojamaa K, Kenessey A, Shenoy R, Klein I (2000) Thyroid hormone metabolism and cardiac gene expression after acute myocardial infarction in the rat. Am J Physiol 279:E1319-1324
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.279
    • Ojamaa, K.1    Kenessey, A.2    Shenoy, R.3    Klein, I.4
  • 50
    • 18044393075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones induce unique and potentially beneficial changes in cardiac myocyte shape in hypertensive rats near heart failure
    • Thomas TA, Kuzman JA, Anderson BE et al (2005) Thyroid hormones induce unique and potentially beneficial changes in cardiac myocyte shape in hypertensive rats near heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H2118-2122
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.288
    • Thomas, T.A.1    Kuzman, J.A.2    Anderson, B.E.3
  • 51
    • 28144436302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reverses ischemia and prevents myocyte loss and progressive LV dysfunction in hamsters with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Khalife WI, Tang YD, Kuzman JA et al (2005) Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reverses ischemia and prevents myocyte loss and progressive LV dysfunction in hamsters with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289:H2409-2415
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.289
    • Khalife, W.I.1    Tang, Y.D.2    Kuzman, J.A.3
  • 52
    • 16544395427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Danzi S, Klein I (2004) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. Minerva Endocrinol 29:139-150
    • (2004) Minerva Endocrinol , vol.29 , pp. 139-150
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 53
    • 0036018280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and experimental studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropro- pionic acid, a thyroid hormone analogue, in heart failure
    • Morkin E, Pennock GD, Spooner PH et al (2002) Clinical and experimental studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropro-pionic acid, a thyroid hormone analogue, in heart failure. Thyroid 12:527-533
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 527-533
    • Morkin, E.1    Pennock, G.D.2    Spooner, P.H.3
  • 55
    • 0028808234 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery
    • Klemperer J, Klein I, Gomez M et al (1995) Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery. New Engl J Med 333:1522-1527
    • (1995) New Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1522-1527
    • Klemperer, J.1    Klein, I.2    Gomez, M.3
  • 56
    • 0032746056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of triiodothyronine (T3) treatment after surgery for complex congenital heart disease in infants and children
    • Chowdhury D, Parnell VA, Ojamaa K et al (1999) Usefulness of triiodothyronine (T3) treatment after surgery for complex congenital heart disease in infants and children. Am J Cardiol 84:34-36
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 34-36
    • Chowdhury, D.1    Parnell, V.A.2    Ojamaa, K.3
  • 57
    • 41949107829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Pingitore A, Galli E, Barison A et al (2008) Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1351-1358
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1351-1358
    • Pingitore, A.1    Galli, E.2    Barison, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.