Application of spectrometric analysis to the identification of pollution sources causing cultural heritage damage

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 20, Issue 12, 2013, Pages 8848-8859

  Belfiore, C M ^a,b   Barca, D ^a   Bonazza, A ^c   Comite, V ^b   la Russa, M F ^a   Pezzino, A ^b   Ruffolo, S A ^a   Sabbioni, C ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^c INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Black crusts; Environmental pollution; European built heritage; Heavy metals; LA ICP MS analysis

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; COMBUSTION; CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL; CULTURAL HERITAGE; DAMAGE; DEGRADATION; FUEL CONSUMPTION; GYPSUM; HEAVY METAL; HUMAN ACTIVITY; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA METHOD; LASER METHOD; LIMESTONE; MONUMENT; POLLUTANT SOURCE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; TRACE ELEMENT; TRANSFORMATION; URBAN AREA;

ANTWERP [BELGIUM]; BELGIUM; FRANCE; ILE DE FRANCE; ITALY; MECHELEN; PARIS; VENETO; VENEZIA [VENETO]; VENICE; VILLE DE PARIS;

EID: 84891149166     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: 16147499     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1810-y     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Amoroso GG, Fassina V (1983) Stone decay and conservation: atmospheric pollution, cleaning, consolidation and protection. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 453.
2. Ausset P, Bannery F, Del Monte M, Lefevre RA (1998) Recording of pre-industrial atmospheric environment by ancient crusts on stone monuments. Atmos Environ 32: 2859-2863. doi: 10. 1016/S1352-2310(98)00063-6.
3. Barca D, Belfiore CM, Crisci GM, La Russa MF, Pezzino A, Ruffolo SA (2010) Application of laser ablation ICP-MS and traditional techniques to the study of black crusts on building stones: a new methodological approach. Environ Sci Poll Res 17: 1433-1447. doi: 10. 1007/s11356-010-0329-8.
4. Barca D, Belfiore CM, Crisci GM, La Russa MF, Pezzino A, Ruffolo SA (2011) A new methodological approach for the chemical characterization of black crusts on building stones: a case study from the Catania city centre (Sicily, Italy). J Anal At Spectrom 26: 1000-1011. doi: 10. 1039/C0JA00226G.
5. Barone G, La Russa MF, Lo Giudice A, Mazzoleni P, Pezzino A (2008) The Cathedral of S. Giorgio in Ragusa Ibla (Italy): characterization of construction materials and their chromatic alteration. Environ Geol 55: 499-504. doi: 10. 1007/s00254-007-0995-0.
6. Bellucci LG, Frignani M, Paolucci D, Ravanelli M (2002) Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Venice Lagoon: the role of the industrial area. Sci Total Environ 295: 35-49. doi: 10. 1016/S0048-9697(02)00040-2.
7. Bityukova L (2006) Air pollution effect on the decay of carbonate building stones in Old Town of Tallinn. Water Air Soil Pollut 172: 239-271. doi: 10. 1007/s11270-006-9078-1.
8. Bonazza A, Sabbioni C, Ghedini N (2005) Quantitative data on carbon fractions in interpretation of black crusts and soiling on European built heritage. Atmos Environ 39: 2607-2618. doi: 10. 1016/j. atmosenv. 2005. 01. 040.
9. Bonazza A, Sabbioni C, Ghedini N, Gobbi G (2007a) Blackening as major atmospheric pollution effect on monuments. Pollution Atmosphérique-Numèro Spècial, pp 7-12.
10. Bonazza A, Brimblecombe P, Grossi CM, Sabbioni C (2007b) Carbon in black crusts from the Tower of London. Environ Sci Technol 41: 4199-4204. doi: 10. 1021/es062417w.
11. Brimblecombe P (1999) History of urban air pollution. In: Finger J, Herter O, Palmer F (eds) Urban air pollution-European aspects. Kluver, Dordrecht, pp 7-20.
12. Brimblecombe P (2000) Air pollution and architecture, past, present and future. J Archit Conserv 6: 30-46.
13. Brimblecombe P (2001) Environment and architectural stone. In: Sigismund S, Snethlage R (eds) Stone in architecture, 4th, 461st edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 317-346.
14. Brimblecombe P, Grossi CM (2006) Climate chance critical to cultural heritage. In: Fort R et al (eds) Heritage, weathering and conservation. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 387-393.
15. Camuffo D, Del Monte M, Sabbioni C, Vittori O (1982) Wetting, deterioration and visual features of stone surfaces in an urban area. Atmos Environ 16: 2253-2259. doi: 10. 1016/0004-6981(82)90296-7.
16. Comite V, Barca D, Belfiore CM, Bonazza A, Crisci GM, La Russa MF, Pezzino A, Sabbioni C (2012) Potentialities of spectrometric analysis for the evaluation of pollution impact in deteriorating stone heritage materials. In: Critelli S, Muto F, Perri F, Petti F. M, Sonnino M, Zuccari A (eds). Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana (86 Congresso Nazionale della Società Geologica Italiana, Arcavacata di Rende, 18-20 Settembre 2012), Roma, Vol. 21, pp 652-653.
17. Contini D, Gambaro A, Belosi F, De Pieri S, Cairns WRL, Donateo A, Zanotto E, Citron M (2011) The direct influence of ship traffic on atmospheric PM2. 5, PM10 and PAH in Venice. J Environ Management 92: 2119-2129.
18. Del Monte M, Sabbioni C, Vittori O (1981) Airborne carbon particles and marble deterioration. Atmos Environ 15: 645-652. doi: 10. 1016/0004-6981(81)90269-9.
19. Folk RL (1959) Practical petrography classification of limestones. Am Assoc Petr Geol Bull 43: 1-38.
20. Fobe B, Vleugels GJ, Roekens EJ, Hermosin B, Ortega Calvo JJ, Del Junco AS, Vangrieken R (1995) Organic and inorganic compounds in limestone weathering crusts from cathedrals in Southern and Western Europe. Environ Sci Technol 29: 1691-1701. doi: 10. 1021/es00006a038.
21. Fryer BJ, Jackson SE, Longerich HP (1995) The design, operation and role of the laser-ablation microprobe coupled with an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (LAM-ICP-MS) in the earth sciences. Can Mineral 33: 303-312.
22. Gao S, Liu X, Yuan H, Hattendorf B, Gunther D, Chen L, Hu S (2002) Determination of forty two major and trace elements in USGS and NIST SRM glasses by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geostandard Newsletter 26: 181-196.
23. Geller MD, Ntziachristos L, Athanasios Mamakos A, Zissis Samaras Z, Schmitz DA, Froines JR, Sioutas C (2006) Physicochemical and redox characteristics of particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline and diesel passenger cars. Atmos Environ 40: 6988-7004. doi: 10. 1016/j. atmosenv. 2006. 06. 018.
24. Ghedini N, Sabbioni C, Bonazza A, Gobbi G (2006) Chemical-thermal quantitative methodology for carbon speciation in damage layers on building surfaces. Environ Sci Technol 40: 939-944. doi: 10. 1021/es050164l.
25. Gratuze B (1999) Obsidian characterization by laser ablation ICPMS and its application to prehistoric trade in the Mediterranean and the Near East: sources and distribution of obsidian within the Aegean and Anatolia. J Archaeol Sci 26: 869-881. doi: 10. 1006/jasc. 1999. 0459.
26. Gunther D, Heinrich CA (1999) Enhanced sensitivity in laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry using helium-argon mixtures as aerosol carrier. J Anal At Spectrom 14: 1363-1368.
27. Harmens H and Norris DA, and the participants of the moss survey (2008) Spatial and temporal trends in heavy metal accumulation in mosses in Europe (1990-2005). Programme Coordination Centre for the ICP Vegetation, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Natural Environment Research Council: Bangor, UK.
28. Harmens H, Norris DA, Koerber GR, Buse A, Steinnes E, Rühling A (2007) Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000. Atmos Environ 31(41): 6673-6687. doi: 10. 1016/j. atmosenv. 2007. 03. 062.
29. Lefévre RA, Ionescu A, Asset P, Chabas A, Girardet F, Vince F (2007) Modelling of the calcareous stone sulphation in polluted atmosphere after exposure in the field. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, 271: 131-137.
30. Masiol M, Squizzato S, Ceccato D, Rampazzo G, Pavoni B (2012) Determining the influence of different atmospheric circulation patterns on PM 10 chemical composition in a source apportionment study. Atmos Environ 63: 117-124.
31. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki P, Zafiropulos V, Kilikoglou V, Kalaitzaki M, Fotakis C (1997) Laser 525 induced breakdown spectroscopy as a diagnostic technique for the laser cleaning of marble. Spectrochim Acta Part B 52: 41-53.
32. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki P, Biscontin G (1999) Origin, characteristics and morphology of the weathering crusts on Istria stone in Venice. Venice Atmos Environ 33(10. 1016/S1352-2310(98)00263-5): 1699-1709.
33. Marinoni N, Pellizon Birelli M, Rostagno C, Pavede A (2003) The effects of atmospheric multi pollutants on modern concrete. Atmos Environ 37: 4701-4712. doi: 10. 1016/j. atmosenv. 2003. 06. 001.
34. Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti (MIT) - Magistrato alle Acque, Sezione Antinquinamento (2010) Rapporto sullo stato ambientale delle acque dei rii di Venezia e delle aree lagunari limitrofe. Campagna di monitoraggio 2008-2009.
35. Motelay-Massei A, Ollivon D, Tiphagne K, Garban B (2005) Atmospheric bulk deposition of trace metals to the seine river basin, France: concentrations, sources and evolution from 1988 to 2001 in Paris. Water Air Soil Pollut 164: 119-135. doi: 10. 1007/s11270-005-1659-x.
36. Pavoni B, Marcomini A, Sfriso A, Donazzolo R (1992) Changes in an estuarine ecosystem. The Lagoon of Venice as a case study. In: Dunette DA, O'Brien RJ (eds) The Science Society of Global Change. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 287-305.
37. Pearce NJG, Perkins WT, Westgate JA, Gorton MP, Jackson SE, Neal CR, Chenery SP (1997) A compilation of new and published major and trace element data for NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 glass reference materials. Geostandard Newslett 21: 115-144, DOI: 10. 1111/j. 1751-908X. 1997. tb00538. x.
38. Rampazzi L, Andreotti A, Bonaduce I, Colombini MP, Colombo C, Toniolo L (2005) Analytical investigation of calcium oxalate films on marble monuments. Talanta 63: 966-977. doi: 10. 1016/j. talanta. 2004. 01. 005.
39. Rampazzo G, Masiol M, Visin F, Rampado E, Pavoni B (2008) Geochemical characterization of PM10 emitted by glass factories in Murano, Venice (Italy). Chemosphere 71: 2068-2075. doi: 10. 1016/j. chemosphere. 2008. 01. 039.
40. Rodriguez-Navarro C, Sebastian E (1996) Role of particulate matter from vehicle exhaust on porous building stone (limestone) sulfation. Sci Total Environ 187: 79-91. doi: 10. 1016/0048-9697(96)05124-8.
41. Rossini P, Matteucci G, Guerzoni S (2010) Atmospheric fall-out of metals around the Murano glass-making district (Venice, Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res 17: 40-48. doi: 10. 1007/s11356-009-0122-8.
42. Sabbioni C, Zappia G (1991) Oxalate patinas on ancient monument: the biological hypothesis. Aerobiologia Issue 7: 31-37. doi: 10. 1007/BF02450015.
43. Sabbioni C, Zappia G (1992a) Atmospheric-derived element tracers on damaged stone. Sci Total Environ 126: 35-48. doi: 10. 1016/0048-9697(92)90482-8.
44. Sabbioni C, Zappia G (1992b) Decay of sandstone in urban areas correlated with atmospheric aerosol. Water Air Soil Pollut 63: 305-316. doi: 10. 1007/BF00475497.
45. Sabbioni C, Zappia G, Ghedini N, Gobbi G (1996a). Carbon due to atmospheric deposition on stone monuments and historical buildings. In: Riederer, J (ed). Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Berlin, pp 333-337.
46. Saiz-Jimenez C (1993) Deposition of airborne organic pollutants on historical buildings. Atmos Environ 27B: 77-85. doi: 10. 1016/0957-1272(93)90047-A.
47. Saiz-Jimenez C (2004) Organic pollutants in the built environment and their effect on the microorganisms. The effects of air pollution on the built environment. In: Brimblecomb P (ed) Air pollution reviews, 2nd edn. UK, London, p 225.
48. Toscano G, Moret I, Gambaro A, Barbante C, Capodaglio G (2011) Distribution and seasonal variability of trace elements in atmospheric particulate in the Venice Lagoon. Chemosphere 85(9): 1518-1524.
49. Turkington AV, Smith BJ & Whalley WB (1997) Short-term stone surface modification; an example from Venice. Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on the conservation of monuments in the Mediterranean basin. Technical chamber of Greece, Rhodes 1, pp 359-372.
50. Vander Putten E, Dehairs F, André L, Baeyens W (1999) Quantitative in situ microanalysis of minor and trace elements in biogenic calcite using infrared laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a critical evaluation. Anal Chim Acta 378: 261-272. doi: 10. 1016/S0003-2670(98)00613-8.
51. Winther M and Slentø E (2010) Heavy metal emissions for Danish road transport. In: Neri Technical Report (eds). National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, no. 780.
52. Wyndham T, McCulloch M, Fallon S, Alibert C (2004) High resolution coral records of rare earth elements in coastal seawater: biogeochemical cycling and a new environmental proxy. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 68: 2067-2080. doi: 10. 1016/j. gca. 2003. 11. 004.
53. Zappia G, Sabbioni C, Riontino C, Gobbi G, Favoni O (1998) Exposure tests of building materials in urban atmosphere. Sci Total Enviro 224: 235-244. doi: 10. 1016/S0048-9697(98)00359-3.
54. Zonta R, Botter M, Cassin D, Pini R, Scattolin M, Zaggia L (2007) Sediment chemical contamination of a shallow water area close to the industrial zone of Porto Marghera (Venice Lagoon, Italy). Mar Pollut Bull 55: 529-542. doi: 10. 1016/j. marpolbul. 2007. 09. 024.