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As defined by List in Ref. [4n]: "There are two aminocatalytic pathways. Iminium catalysis directly utilizes the higher reactivity of the iminium ion in comparison to the carbonyl species and facilitates Knoevenagel-type condensations, cyclo-and nucleophilic additions, and cleavage of s-bonds adjacent to the α-carbon. Enamine catalysis on the other hand involves catalytically generated enamine intermediates that are formed via deprotonation of an iminium ion, and react with various electrophiles or undergo pericyclic reactions."
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