Fundamental studies on enhancement and blinking mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and basic applications of SERS biological sensing

Frontiers of Physics

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 31-46

  Yamamoto, Yuko S ^a   Ishikawa, Mitsuru ^b   Ozaki, Yukihiro ^c   Itoh, Tamitake ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^b JOSAI UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c KWANSEI GAKUIN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Ag nanoparticle; plasmonics; surface enhanced fluorescence; surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Indexed keywords

EID: 84890882063     PISSN: 20950462     EISSN: 20950470     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-013-0347-3     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. M. Fleischman, P. J. Hendra, and A. J. McQuillan, Raman spectra of pyridine adsorbed at a silver electrode, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1974, 26(2): 123.
2. M. G. Albrecht and J. A. Creighton, Anomalously intense Raman spectra of pyridine at a silver electrode, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99(15): 5215.
3. D. L. Jeanmaire and R. P. V. Duyne, Surface raman spectroelectrochemistry, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1977, 84(1): 1.
4. K. Kneipp, M. Moskovits, and H. Kneipp, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, Heidelberg: Springer, 2006.
5. K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, H. Kneipp, L. Perelman, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, and M. Feld, Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Phys. Rev. Lett., 1997, 78(9): 1667.
6. S. Nie and S. R. Emory, Probing single molecules and single nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Science, 1997, 275(5303): 1102.
7. H. Xu, E. Bjerneld, M. Käll, and L. Borjesson, Spectroscopy of single hemoglobin molecules by surface enhanced Raman scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1999, 83(21): 4357.
8. A. Micheals, M. Nirmal, and L. Brus, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of individual rhodamine 6G molecules on large Ag nanocrystals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121(43): 9932.
9. J. A. Dieringer, K. A. Lettan, Scheidt, and R. P. van Duyne, A frequency domain existence proof of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129(51): 16249.
10. Y. C. Cao, R. Jin, and C. A. Mirkin, Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection., Science, 2002, 297(5586): 1536.
11. X. Qian, X. H. Peng, D. O. Ansari, Q. Yin-Goen, G. Z. Chen, D. M. Shin, L. Yang, A. N. Young, M. D. Wang, and S. M. Nie, In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags, Nat. Biotechnol., 2008, 26(1): 83.
12. J. N. Anker, W. P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N. C. Shah, J. Zhao, and R. P. van Duyne, Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors, Nat. Mater., 2008, 7(6): 442.
13. J. F. Li, Y. F. Huang, Y. Ding, Z. L. Yang, S. B. Li, X. S. Zhou, F. R. Fan, W. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhou, D. Y. Wu, B. Ren, Z. L. Wang, and Z. Q. Tian, Shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Nature, 2010, 464: 392.
14. H. Xu, J. Aizpurua, M. Käll, and P. Apell, Electromagnetic contributions to single-molecule sensitivity in surface-enhanced raman scattering, Phys. Rev. E, 2000, 62(3): 4318.
15. M. Inoue, and K. Ohtaka, Surface enhanced Raman scattering by metal spheres (I): Cluster effect, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 1983, 52(11): 3853.
16. K. Yoshida, T. Itoh, H. Tamaru, V. Biju, M. Ishikawa, and Y. Ozaki, Quantitative evaluation of electromagnetic enhancement in surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering from plasmonic properties and morphologies of individual Ag nanostructures, Phys. Rev. B, 2010, 81(11): 115406.
17. D. Wang and M. Kerker, Enhanced Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed at the surface of colloidal spheroids, Phys. Rev. B, 1981, 24(4): 1777.
18. M. Moskovits, Surface-enhanced spectroscopy, Rev. Mod. Phys., 1985, 57(3): 783.
19. B. Pettinger, Light scattering by adsorbates at Ag particles: Quantum-mechanical approach for energy transfer induced interfacial optical processes involving surface plasmons, multipoles, and electron-hole pairs, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 85(12): 7442.
20. H. Xu, X. H. Wang, M. P. Persson, H. Q. Xu, M. Käll, and P. Johansson, Unified treatment of fluorescence and raman scattering processes near metal surfaces, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 93(24): 243002.
21. J. R. Lombardi, R. L. Birke, T. Lu, and J. Xu, Chargetransfer theory of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Herzberg-Teller contributions, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 84(8): 4174.
22. A. Otto, I. Mrozek, H. Grabhorn, and W. Akemann, Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 1992, 4(5): 1143.
23. A. Campion and P. Kambhampati, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1998, 27(4): 241.
24. R. L. Birke, V. Znamenskiy, and J. R. Lombardi, A charge-transfer surface enhanced Raman scattering model from time-dependent density functional theory calculations on a Ag10-pyridine complex, J. Chem. Phys., 2010, 132(21): 214707.
25. D. Y. Wu, J. F. Li, B. Ren, and Z. Q. Tian, Electrochemicalsurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of nanostructures, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37(5): 1025.
26. K. Imura, H. Okamoto, M. K. Hossain, and M. Kitajima, Visualization of localized intense optical fields in single gold-nanoparticle assemblies and ultrasensitive Raman active sites, Nano Lett., 2006, 6(10): 2173.
27. 4 enhancement factor in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2006, 423(1-3): 63.
28. S. A. Meyer, E. C. Le Ru, and P. G. Etchegoin, Quantifying resonant Raman cross sections with SERS, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114(17): 5515.
29. A. Sujith, T. Itoh, H. Abe, A. A. Anas, K. Yoshida, V. Biju, and M. Ishikawa, Surface enhanced Raman scattering analyses of individual silver nanoaggregates on living single yeast cell wall, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 92(10): 103901.
30. A. Sujith, T. Itoh, H. Abe, K. Yoshida, M. S. Kiran, V. Biju, and M. Ishikawa, Imaging the cell wall of living single yeast cells using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2009, 394(7): 1803.
31. M. S. Kiran, H. Abe, Y. Fujita, K. Tomimoto, V. Biju, M. Ishikawa, Y. Ozaki, and T. Itoh, Inhibition assay of yeast cell walls by plasmon resonance Rayleigh scattering and surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging, Langmuir, 2012, 28(14): 8952.
32. H. Kudo, T. Itoh, T. Kashiwagi, M. Ishikawa, H. Takeuchi, and H. Ukeda, Surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy of Ag nanoparticle aggregates directly photo-reduced on pathogenic bacterium (Helicobacter pylori), J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem., 2011, 221(2-3): 181.
33. Y. Kitahama, T. Itoh, T. Ishido, K. Hirano, and M. Ishikawa, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from photo-reduced Ag nanoaggregates on an optically trapped single bacterium, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 2011, 84(9): 976978.
34. M. S. Kiran, T. Itoh, K. Yoshida, N. Kawashima, V. Biju, and M. Ishikawa, Selective detection of HbA1c using surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 2010, 82(4): 1342.
35. K. Yoshida, T. Itoh, V. Biju, M. Ishikawa, and Y. Ozaki, Experimental evaluation of the twofold electromagnetic enhancement theory of surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering, Phys. Rev. B, 2009, 79(8): 085419.
36. T. Itoh, K. Yoshida, V. Biju, Y. Kikkawa, M. Ishikawa, and Y. Ozaki, Second enhancement in surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering revealed by an analysis of anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman spectra, Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 76(8): 085405.
37. T. Itoh, K. Yoshida, H. Tamaru, V. Biju, and M. Ishikawa, Experimental demonstration of the electromagnetic mechanism underlying surface enhanced Raman scattering using single nanoparticle spectroscopy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem., 2011, 219(2-3): 167.
38. T. Itoh, M. Iga, H. Tamaru, K. Yoshida, V. Biju, and M. Ishikawa, Quantitative evaluation of blinking in surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence by electromagnetic mechanism, J. Chem. Phys., 2012, 136(2): 024703.
39. S. Habuchi, M. Cotlet, R. Gronheid, G. Dirix, J. Michiels, J. Vanderleyden, F. C. De Schryver, and J. Hofkens, Single-molecule surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of the enhanced green fluorescent protein, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125(28): 8446.
40. J. Zhao, L. Jensen, J. Sung, S. Zou, G. C. Schatz, and R. P. Duyne, Interaction of plasmon and molecular resonances for rhodamine 6G adsorbed on silver nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129(24): 7647.
41. R. M. Dickson, A. B. Cubitt, R. Y. Tsien, and W. E. Moerner, On/off blinking and switching behaviour of single molecules of green fluorescent protein, Nature, 1997, 388(6640): 355.
42. 2 quenching, Science, 2000, 289(5483): 1327.
43. K. A. Bosnick, J. Jiang, and L. E. Brus, Fluctuations and local symmetry in single-molecule rhodamine 6G Raman scattering on silver nanocrystal aggregates, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002, 106(33): 8096.
44. S. R. Emory, R. A. Jensen, T. Wenda, M. Y. Han, and S. M. Nie, Re-examining the origins of spectral blinking in singlemolecule and single-nanoparticle SERS, Faraday Discuss., 2006, 132: 249.
45. Z. Wang and L. J. Rothberg, Origins of blinking in singlemolecule Raman spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109(8): 3387.
46. A. Weiss and G. Haran, Time-dependent single-molecule Raman scattering as a probe of surface dynamics, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105(49): 12348.
47. M. Moskovits, L. L. Tay, J. Yang, and T. Haslett, SERS and the single molecule, Top. Appl. Phys., 2002, 82: 215.
48. P. Lee and D. Misel, Adsorption and surface-enhanced Raman of dyes on silver and gold sols, J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86(17): 3391.
49. T. Itoh, Y. Kikkawa, K. Yoshida, K. Hashimoto, V. Biju, M. Ishikawa, and Y. Ozaki, Correlated measurements of plasmon resonance Rayleigh scattering and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering using a dark-field microspectroscopic system, J. Photochem. Photobiol. Chem., 2006, 2183(3): 322.
50. A. Otto, Theory of first layer and single molecule surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), Phys. Status Solidi, 2001, 188(4): 1455.
51. J. M. Reyes-Goddard, H. Barr, and N. Stone, Photodiagnosis using Raman and surface enhanced Raman scattering of bodily fluids, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2005, 2(3): 223.
52. S. Farquharson, A. D. Gift, C. Shende, P. Maksymiuk, F. E. Inscore, and J. Murran, Detection of 5-fluorouracil in saliva using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38(1-2): 79.
53. G. Breuzarda, O. Piota, J. F. Angibousta, M. Manfaita, L. Candeilb, M. Del Riob, and J. M. Millota, Changes in adsorption and permeability of mitoxantrone on plasma membrane of BCRP/MXR resistant cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2005, 329(1): 64.
54. V. P. Drachev, M. D. Thoreson, V. Nashine, E. N. Khaliullin, D. Ben-Amotz, V. J. Davisson, and V. M. Shalaev, Adaptive silver films for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of biomolecules, J. Raman Spectrosc., 2005, 36: 648.
55. R. M. Jarvis, A. Brooker, and R. Goodacre, Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering for the rapid discrimination of bacteria, Faraday Discuss., 2006, 132: 281.
56. F. Yan, and T. Vo-Dinh, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of chemical and biological agents using a portable Raman integrated tunable sensor, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 2007, 121(1): 61.
57. T. M. Cotton, S. G. Schultz, and R. P. van Duyne, Surfaceenhanced resonance Raman scattering from cytochrome c and myoglobin adsorbed on a silver electrode, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102(27): 7960.
58. H. Morjani, J. F. Riou, I. Nabiev, F. Lavelle, and M. M. Manfait, Molecular and cellular interactions between intoplicine, DNA, and topoisomerase II studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, Cancer Res., 1993, 53(20): 4784.
59. M. Manfait, H. Morjani, and I. Nabiev, Molecular events on simple living cancer cells as studied by spectrofluorometry and micro-SERS Raman spectroscopy, J. Cell. Pharmacol., 1992, 3: 120.
60. I. R. Nabiev, H. Morjani, and M. Manfait, Selective analysis of antitumor drug interaction with living cancer cells as probed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Eur. Biophys. J., 1991, 19(6): 311.
61. K. K. Sandhu, C. M. McIntosh, J. M. Simard, S. W. Smith, and V. M. Rotello, Gold nanoparticle-mediated transfection of mammalian cells, Bioconjug. Chem., 2002, 13(1): 3.
62. G. Han, C. C. You, B. J. Kim, R. S. Turingan, N. S. Forbes, C. T. Martin, and V. M. Rotello, Light-regulated release of DNA and its delivery to nuclei by means of photo-labile gold nanoparticles, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2006, 45(19): 3165.
63. R. M. Jarvis and R. Goodacre, Discrimination of bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(1): 40.
64. J. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, M. McLaughlin, D. Brown, and K. Kneipp, In vivo molecular probing of cellular compartments with gold nanoparticles and nanoaggregates, Nano Lett., 2006, 6(10): 2225.
65. L. Zeiri, B. V. Bronk, Y. Shabtai, J. Eichler, and S. Efrima, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a tool for probing specific biochemical components in bacteria, Appl. Spectrosc., 2004, 58(1): 33.
66. C. Eliasson, A. Lorén, J. Engelbrektsson, M. Josefson, J. Abrahamsson, and K. Abrahamsson, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging of single living lymphocytes with multivariate evaluation, Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 2005, 61(4): 755.
67. K. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, Ultrasensitive chemical analysis by Raman spectroscopy, Chem. Rev., 1999, 99(10): 2957.
68. Y. C. Cao, R. Jin, and C. A. Mirkin, Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection, Science, 2002, 297(5586): 1536.
69. K. Kneipp, H. Kneipp, and J. Kneipp, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in local optical fields of silver and gold nanoaggregates-from single-molecule Raman spectroscopy to ultrasensitive probing in live cells, Acc. Chem. Res., 2006, 39(7): 443.
70. W. R. Premasiri, D. T. Moir, M. S. Klempner, N. Krieger, G. Jones, and L. D. Ziegler, Characterization of the surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) of bacteria, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109(1): 312.
71. J. Rejman, V. Oberle, I. S. Zuhorn, and D. Hoekstra, Sizedependent internalization of particles via the pathways of clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, Biochem. J., 2004, 377: 159.
72. W. J. Arlein, J. D. Shearer, and M. D. Caldwell, Continuity between wound macrophage and fibroblast phenotype: analysis of wound fibroblast phagocytosis, Am. J. Physiol., 1998, 275: R1041.
73. A. G. Tkachenko, H. Xie, Y. L. Liu, D. Coleman, J. Ryan, W. R. Glomm, M. K. Shipton, S. Franzen, and D. L. Feldheim, Cellular trajectories of peptide-modified gold particle complexes: comparison of nuclear localization signals and peptide transduction domains, Bioconjug. Chem., 2004, 15(3): 482.
74. P. R. Carey, Resonance Raman labels and Raman labels, J. Raman Spectrosc., 1998, 29(10-11): 861.
75. K. Nithipatikom, M. J. McCoy, S. R. Hawi, K. Nakamoto, F. Adar, and W. B. Campbell, Characterization and application of Raman labels for confocal Raman microspectroscopic detection of cellular proteins in single cells, Anal. Biochem., 2003, 322(2): 198.
76. C. E. Talley, T. R. Huser, C. W. Hollars, L. Jusinski, T. Laurence, and S. M. Lane, Nanoparticle Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, UCRL-PROC-208863, NATO Advanced Study Institute: Biophotonics Ottawa, Canada, 2005.
77. C. E. Talley, L. Jusinski, C. W. Hollars, S. M. Lane, and T. Huser, Intracellular pH sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(23): 7064.
78. B. Alberts, and D. Bray, D. J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and J. D. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Cell, New York: Garland Publishing, 1994.
79. M. Fukasawa, F. Sekine, M. Miura, M. Nishijima, and K. Hanada, Involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the binding step for phagocytosis of latex beads by Chinese hamster ovary cells, Exp. Cell Res., 1997, 230(1): 154.
80. R. J. Dijkstra, W. J. J. M. Scheenen, N. Dam, E. W. Roubos, and J. J. ter Meulen, Monitoring neurotransmitter release using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, J. Neurosci. Methods, 2007, 159(1): 43.
81. R. H. Chow, L. von Rüden, and E. Neher, Delay in vesicle fusion revealed by electrochemical monitoring of single secretory events in adrenal chromaffin cells, Nature, 1992, 356(6364): 60.
82. T. Vo-Dinh, F. Yan, and M. B. Wabuyele, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for medical-diagnostics and biological imaging, J. Raman Spectrosc., 2005, 36: 640.
83. T. Vo-Dinh, P. Kasili, and M. Wabuyele, Nanoprobes and nanobiosensors for monitoring and imaging individual living cells, Nanomed.: Nanotechnol. Biol. Med., 2006, 2(1): 22.
84. S. Lee, S. Kim, J. Choo, S. Y. Shin, Y. H. Lee, H. Y. Choi, S. Ha, K. Kang, and C. H. Oh, Biological imaging of HEK293 cells expressing PLCgamma1 using surface-enhanced Raman microscopy, Anal. Chem., 2007, 79(3): 916.
85. G. R. Souza, D. R. Christianson, F. I. Staquicini, M. G. Ozawa, E. Y. Snyder, R. L. Sidman, J. H. Miller, W. Arap, and R. Pasqualini, Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage as biological sensors and cell-targeting agents, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103(5): 1215.
86. Q. Hu, L. L. Tay, M. Noestheden, and J. P. Pezacki, Mammalian cell surface imaging with nitrile-functionalized nanoprobes: biophysical characterization of aggregation and polarization anisotropy in SERS imaging, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129(1): 14.
87. G. U. Puppel, F. F. M. De Mul, C. Otto, J. Greve, M. Robert-Nicoud, D. J. Arndt-Jovin, and T. M. Jovin, Studying single living cells and chromosomes by confocal Raman microspectroscopy, Nature, 1990, 347: 301.
88. W. L. Peticolas, T. W. Patapoff, G. A. Thomas, J. Postlewait, and J. W. Powell, Laser Raman microscopy of chromosomes in living eukaryotic cells: DNA polymorphisim in vivo, J. Raman Spectrosc., 1996, 27: 571.
89. B. B. Chomel, Control and prevention of emerging zoonoses, J. Vet. Med. Educ., 2003, 30(2): 145.
90. R. M. Jarvis and R. Goodacre, Discrimination of bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(1): 40.
91. S. E. J. Bell, J. N. Mackle, and N. M. S. Sirimuthu, Quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of dipicolinic acid - towards rapid anthrax endospore detection, Analyst, 2005, 130(4): 545.
92. X. Zhang, N. C. Shah, and R. P. van Duyne, Sensitive and selective chem/bio sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), Vib. Spectrosc., 2006, 42(1): 2.
93. G. Naja, P. Bouvrette, S. Hrapovic, and J. H. T. Luong, Raman-based detection of bacteria using silver nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies, Analyst, 2007, 132(7): 679.
94. J. D. Driskell, K. M. Kwarta, R. J. Lipert, M. D. Porter, J. D. Neill, and J. F. Ridpath, Low-level detection of viral pathogens by a surface-enhanced Raman scattering based immunoassay, Anal. Chem., 2005, 77(19): 6147.
95. S. Shanmukh, L. Jones, J. Driskell, Y. Zhao, R. Dluhy, and R. A. Tripp, Rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus molecular signatures using a silver nanorod array SERS substrate, Nano Lett., 2006, 6(11): 2630.
96. Y. C. Cao, R. Jin, J. M. Nam, C. S. Thaxton, and C. A. Mirkin, Raman dye-labeled nanoparticle probes for proteins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125(48): 14676.
97. J. Johanson, K. Abravaya, W. Caminiti, D. Erickson, R. Flanders, G. Leckie, E. Marshall, C. Mullen, Y. Ohhashi, R. Perry, J. Ricci, J. Salituro, A. Smith, N. Tang, M. Vi, and J. Robinson, A new ultrasensitive assay for quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, J. Virol. Methods, 2001, 95(1-2): 81.
98. S. M. H. Abanto, M. H. Hirata, R. D. C. Hirata, E. M. Mamizuka, M. Schmal, and S. Hoshino-Shimizu, Evaluation of Henes-PCR assay for Mycobacterium detection in different clinical specimens from patients with or without tuberculosis-associated HIV infection, J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 2000, 14(5): 238.
99. N. R. Isola, D. L. Stokes, and T. Vo-Dinh, Surface-enhanced Raman gene probe for HIV detection, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70(7): 1352.
100. For example: S. Weiss, Fluorescence spectroscopy of single biomolecules, Science, 1999, 283(5408): 1676.
101. M. Osumi, The ultrastructure of yeast: Cell wall structure and formation, Micron, 1998, 29(2-3): 207.
102. E. Podstawka and L. M. Proniewicz, Resonance Raman study of deoxy and ligated (O2 and CO) mesoheme IXreconstituted myoglobin, hemoglobin and its alpha and beta subunits, J. Inorg. Biochem., 2004, 98(9): 1502.
103. Y. Jin, M. Nagai, Y. Nagai, S. Nagatomo, and T. Kitagawa, Heme structures of five variants of hemoglobin M probed by resonance Raman spectroscopy, Biochemistry, 2004, 43(26): 8517.
104. D. Wang and T. G. Spiro, Structure changes in hemoglobin upon deletion of C-terminal residues, monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy, Biochemistry, 1998, 37(28): 9940.
105. V. Jayaraman, K. R. Rodgers, I. Mukerji, and T. G. Spiro, Hemoglobin allostery: Resonance Raman spectroscopy of kinetic intermediates, Science, 1995, 269(5232): 1843.
106. P. Etchegoin, H. Liem, R. C. Maher, L. F. Cohen, R. J. C. Brown, M. J. T. Milton, and J. C. Gallop, Observation of dynamic oxygen release in hemoglobin using surface enhanced Raman scattering, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 367(1-2): 223.
107. T. G. Spiro and T. C. Strekas, Resonance Raman spectra of heme proteins: Effects of oxidation and spin state, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96(2): 338.
108. I. P. Torres Filho, J. Terner, R. N. Pittman, E. Proffitt, and K. R. Ward, Measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation using Raman microspectroscopy and 532-nm excitation, J. Appl. Physiol., 2008, 104(6): 1809.
109. S. E. Bell and N. M. Sirimuthu, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for sub-micromolar detection of DNA/RNA mononucleotide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128(49): 15580.
110. E. Bailo, L. Fruk, C. M. Niemeyer, and V. Deckert, Surfaceenhanced Raman scattering as a tool to probe cytochrome P450-catalysed substrate oxidation, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2009, 394(7): 1797.
111. K. Niki, Y. Kawasaki, Y. Kimura, Y. Higuchi, and N. Yasuoka, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of cytochromes c3 adsorbed on silver electrode and their redox behavior, Langmuir, 1987, 3(6): 982.
112. D. A. Stuart, J. M. Yuen, N. Shah, O. Lyandres, C. R. Yonzon, M. R. Glucksberg, J. T. Walsh, and R. P. van Duyne, In vivo glucose measurement by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 2006, 78(20): 7211.
113. O. Lyandres, J. M. Yuen, N. C. Shah, R. P. van Duyne, J. T. Walsh, Jr., and M. R. Glucksberg, Progress toward an in vivo surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy glucose sensor, Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 2008, 10(4): 257.
114. J. P. Camden, J. A. Dieringer, J. Zhao, and R. P. van Duyne, Controlled plasmonic nanostructures for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and sensing, Acc. Chem. Res., 2008, 41(12): 1653.
115. M. Iga, N. Kakuryu, T. Tanaami, J. Sajiki, K. Isozaki, and T. Itoh, Development of thin-film tunable band-pass filters based hyper-spectral imaging system applied for both surface enhanced Raman scattering and plasmon resonance Rayleigh scattering, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2012, 83(10): 103707.