메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 358-366

Negativity bias and task motivation: Testing the effectiveness of positively versus negatively framed incentives

Author keywords

Incentives; Mis prediction; Motivation; Negativity bias

Indexed keywords

ADULT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84890515856     PISSN: 1076898X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0034415     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (57)

References (45)
  • 2
    • 0036193241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of monetary incentives on effort and task performance: Theories, evidence and a framework for research
    • doi: 10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00052-6
    • Bonner, S. E., & Sprinkle, G. B. (2002). The effects of monetary incentives on effort and task performance: Theories, evidence and a framework for research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27, 303-345. doi: 10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00052-6
    • (2002) Accounting, Organizations and Society , vol.27 , pp. 303-345
    • Bonner, S.E.1    Sprinkle, G.B.2
  • 3
    • 85047683481 scopus 로고
    • Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.917
    • Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. J. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 917-927. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.917
    • (1978) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 917-927
    • Brickman, P.1    Coates, D.2    Janoff-Bulman, R.J.3
  • 4
    • 12044257822 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.401
    • Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401-423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.401
    • (1994) Psychological Bulletin , vol.115 , pp. 401-423
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Berntson, G.G.2
  • 5
    • 84890522925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivation matters: 40% of high school students chronically disengaged from school
    • Retrieved from Forbes
    • Crotty, J. M. (2013). Motivation matters: 40% of high school students chronically disengaged from school. Retrieved from Forbes http:// onforb.es/10G5S0t
    • (2013)
    • Crotty, J.M.1
  • 7
    • 0003903545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-control theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development
    • Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • Dweck, C. (1999). Self-control theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • (1999)
    • Dweck, C.1
  • 8
    • 84890476837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An idea for lent: The carrot and stick: How to help your good self to triumph over your bad self
    • Economist, The. (February 7th
    • Economist, The. (February 7th, 2008). An idea for lent: The carrot and stick: How to help your good self to triumph over your bad self. Retrieved from http://econ.st/JxdtKL
    • (2008)
  • 9
    • 0033219937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation-negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestern, and Ryan (1999)
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.677
    • Eisenberger, R., Pierce, W. D., & Cameron, J. (1999). Effects of reward on intrinsic motivation-negative, neutral, and positive: Comment on Deci, Koestern, and Ryan (1999). Psychological Bulletin, 125, 677-691. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.677
    • (1999) Psychological Bulletin , vol.125 , pp. 677-691
    • Eisenberger, R.1    Pierce, W.D.2    Cameron, J.3
  • 10
    • 0030539722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis
    • doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.461
    • Elliot, A. J., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (1996). Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 461-475. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.461
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 461-475
    • Elliot, A.J.1    Harackiewicz, J.M.2
  • 11
    • 0041426224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do lay people believe that satisfaction and performance are correlated? Possible sources of a commonsense theory
    • doi:10.1002/job.219
    • Fisher, C. D. (2003). Why do lay people believe that satisfaction and performance are correlated? Possible sources of a commonsense theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 753-777. doi:10.1002/job.219
    • (2003) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.24 , pp. 753-777
    • Fisher, C.D.1
  • 12
    • 84857411089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiancial incentives for student achievement: Evidence from randomized trials
    • doi:10.1093/qje/qjr045
    • Fryer, R. (2011). Fiancial incentives for student achievement: Evidence from randomized trials. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126, 1755-1798. doi:10.1093/qje/qjr045
    • (2011) The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.126 , pp. 1755-1798
    • Fryer, R.1
  • 13
    • 20744446898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-determination theory and work motivation
    • doi: 10.1002/job.322
    • Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362. doi: 10.1002/job.322
    • (2005) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.26 , pp. 331-362
    • Gagne, M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 14
    • 2542609880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking forward to looking backward: The misprediction of regret
    • doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00681.x
    • Gilbert, D., Morwedge, C., Risen, J., & Wilson, T. D. (2004). Looking forward to looking backward: The misprediction of regret. Psychological Science, 15, 346-350. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00681.x
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 346-350
    • Gilbert, D.1    Morwedge, C.2    Risen, J.3    Wilson, T.D.4
  • 16
    • 84873561358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When the economy falters, do people spend or save? Responses to resource scarcity depend on childhood environments
    • doi: 10.1177/0956797612451471
    • Griskevicius, V., Ackerman, J. M., Cantu, S. M., Delton, A. W., Robertson, T. E., Simpson, J. A., . . . Tybur, J. M. (2013). When the economy falters, do people spend or save? Responses to resource scarcity depend on childhood environments. Psychological Science, 24, 197-205. doi: 10.1177/0956797612451471
    • (2013) Psychological Science , vol.24 , pp. 197-205
    • Griskevicius, V.1    Ackerman, J.M.2    Cantu, S.M.3    Delton, A.W.4    Robertson, T.E.5    Simpson, J.A.6    Tybur, J.M.7
  • 17
    • 79951564170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contingency in life history strategies: The influence of morality and socioeconomic status on reproductive timing
    • doi:10.1037/ a0021082
    • Griskevicius, V., Delton, A. W., Robertson, T. E., & Tybur, J. M. (2011). Environmental contingency in life history strategies: The influence of morality and socioeconomic status on reproductive timing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 241-254. doi:10.1037/ a0021082
    • (2011) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.100 , pp. 241-254
    • Griskevicius, V.1    Delton, A.W.2    Robertson, T.E.3    Tybur, J.M.4
  • 18
    • 84890455803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Email from America
    • Harris, M. (2009). Email from America. Retrieved from http://www .thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/ingear/tech_and_net/article161055.ece
    • (2009)
    • Harris, M.1
  • 19
    • 67949119113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations
    • doi:10.3758/BRM .41.3.924
    • Hayes, A. F., & Matthes, J. (2009). Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 924-936. doi:10.3758/BRM .41.3.924
    • (2009) Behavior Research Methods , vol.41 , pp. 924-936
    • Hayes, A.F.1    Matthes, J.2
  • 20
    • 0002096593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the social psychology of agency relationship: Lay theories of motivation overemphasize extrinsic incentives
    • doi: 10.1006/obhd.1999.2826
    • Heath, C. (1999). On the social psychology of agency relationship: Lay theories of motivation overemphasize extrinsic incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78, 25-62. doi: 10.1006/obhd.1999.2826
    • (1999) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.78 , pp. 25-62
    • Heath, C.1
  • 21
    • 77954742475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The labor economics of paid crowdsourcing
    • Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce. New York, NY
    • Horton, J. J., & Chilton, L. B. (2010). The labor economics of paid crowdsourcing. Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce. New York, NY, 209-218.
    • (2010) , pp. 209-218
    • Horton, J.J.1    Chilton, L.B.2
  • 22
    • 84865081295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behaviorist visits the factory: Increasing productivity using simple framing manipulations
    • doi:10.1287/mnsc.1120.1544
    • Hossain, T., & List, J. A. (2012). The behaviorist visits the factory: Increasing productivity using simple framing manipulations. Management Science, 58, 2151-2167. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1120.1544
    • (2012) Management Science , vol.58 , pp. 2151-2167
    • Hossain, T.1    List, J.A.2
  • 23
    • 33745584561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study
    • doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.40
    • Isaacowitz, D. M., Wadlinger, H. A., Goren, D., & Wilson, H. R. (2006). Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study. Psychology and Aging, 21, 40-48. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.40
    • (2006) Psychology and Aging , vol.21 , pp. 40-48
    • Isaacowitz, D.M.1    Wadlinger, H.A.2    Goren, D.3    Wilson, H.R.4
  • 24
    • 0032174997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.887
    • Ito, T. A., Larsen, J. T., Smith, N. K., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1998). Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 887-900. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.887
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 887-900
    • Ito, T.A.1    Larsen, J.T.2    Smith, N.K.3    Cacioppo, J.T.4
  • 25
    • 0041906967 scopus 로고
    • Choices, values and frames
    • doi:10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341
    • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values and frames. American Psychologist, 39, 341-350. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341
    • (1984) American Psychologist , vol.39 , pp. 341-350
    • Kahneman, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 26
    • 1642363253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of motivation in age-related positivity effect in autobiographical memory
    • doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503011.x
    • Kennedy, Q., Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2004). The role of motivation in age-related positivity effect in autobiographical memory. Psychological Science, 15, 208-214. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503011.x
    • (2004) Psychological Science , vol.15 , pp. 208-214
    • Kennedy, Q.1    Mather, M.2    Carstensen, L.L.3
  • 27
    • 34548202369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking at the sunny side of life: Age-related change in an event-related potential measure of the negativity bias
    • doi:10.1111/j .1467-9280.2007.01988.x
    • Kisley, M. A., Wood, S., & Burrows, C. L. (2007). Looking at the sunny side of life: Age-related change in an event-related potential measure of the negativity bias. Psychological Science, 18, 838-843. doi:10.1111/j .1467-9280.2007.01988.x
    • (2007) Psychological Science , vol.18 , pp. 838-843
    • Kisley, M.A.1    Wood, S.2    Burrows, C.L.3
  • 28
    • 84890485816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When your boss makes you pay for being fat
    • Retrieved from
    • Kwoh, L. (2013). When your boss makes you pay for being fat. Retrieved from Http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241278873246007045784 02784123334550.html
    • (2013)
    • Kwoh, L.1
  • 29
    • 0002038223 scopus 로고
    • The relative effectiveness of four methods of motivating employee performance
    • In K. D. Duncan, M. M. Gruenberg, & D. Wallis (Eds.) Changes in working life. London, UK: Wiley, Ltd.
    • Locke, E. A., Feren, D. B., McCaleb, V. M., Shaw, K. N., & Denny, A. T. (1980). The relative effectiveness of four methods of motivating employee performance. In K. D. Duncan, M. M. Gruenberg, & D. Wallis (Eds.) Changes in working life. London, UK: Wiley, Ltd., 363-383.
    • (1980) , pp. 363-383
    • Locke, E.A.1    Feren, D.B.2    McCaleb, V.M.3    Shaw, K.N.4    Denny, A.T.5
  • 30
    • 0038957287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior
    • doi:10.1257/ aer.90.2.426
    • Loewenstein, G. (2000). Emotions in economic theory and economic behavior. The American Economic Review, 90, 426-432. doi:10.1257/ aer.90.2.426
    • (2000) The American Economic Review , vol.90 , pp. 426-432
    • Loewenstein, G.1
  • 31
    • 25144473058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory
    • doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.005
    • Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 496-502. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.005
    • (2005) Trends in Cognitive Science , vol.9 , pp. 496-502
    • Mather, M.1    Carstensen, L.2
  • 32
    • 0023297565 scopus 로고
    • The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior
    • doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.52.3.500
    • Meyerowitz, B. E., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 500-510. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.52.3.500
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 500-510
    • Meyerowitz, B.E.1    Chaiken, S.2
  • 33
    • 30344476086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal fulfillment and goal targets in sequential choice
    • doi: 10.1086/497551
    • Novemsky, N., & Dhar, R. (2005). Goal fulfillment and goal targets in sequential choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 396-404. doi: 10.1086/497551
    • (2005) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.32 , pp. 396-404
    • Novemsky, N.1    Dhar, R.2
  • 34
    • 33746335666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action
    • doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.91.1.188
    • Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 188-204. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.91.1.188
    • (2006) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 188-204
    • Oyserman, D.1    Bybee, D.2    Terry, K.3
  • 35
    • 84970123386 scopus 로고
    • Beyond cold conceptual change: The role of motivational beliefs and classroom contextual factors in the process of conceptual change
    • doi:10.3102/00346543063002167
    • Pintrich, P. R., Mark, R. W., & Boyle, R. A. (1993). Beyond cold conceptual change: The role of motivational beliefs and classroom contextual factors in the process of conceptual change. Review of Educational Research, 63, 167-199. doi:10.3102/00346543063002167
    • (1993) Review of Educational Research , vol.63 , pp. 167-199
    • Pintrich, P.R.1    Mark, R.W.2    Boyle, R.A.3
  • 36
    • 0002720721 scopus 로고
    • Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance
    • doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
    • Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 33-40
    • Pintrich, P.R.1    De Groot, E.V.2
  • 37
    • 44949168308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models
    • doi:10.3758/ BRM.40.3.879
    • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891. doi:10.3758/ BRM.40.3.879
    • (2008) Behavior Research Methods , vol.40 , pp. 879-891
    • Preacher, K.J.1    Hayes, A.F.2
  • 38
    • 84879382968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should kids be bribed to do well in school?
    • Retrieved from
    • Ripley, A. (2010). Should kids be bribed to do well in school? Time Magazine. Retrieved from http://ti.me/SyvyW8
    • (2010) Time Magazine
    • Ripley, A.1
  • 39
    • 0031989217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance incentives and means: How regulatory focus influences goal attainment
    • doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.74.2.285
    • Shah, J., Higgins, T., & Friedman, R. S. (1998). Performance incentives and means: How regulatory focus influences goal attainment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 285-293. doi:10.1037/0022- 3514.74.2.285
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 285-293
    • Shah, J.1    Higgins, T.2    Friedman, R.S.3
  • 40
    • 70149125200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipating adaptation to products
    • doi:10.1086/ 597050
    • Wang, J., Novemsky, N., & Dhar, R. (2009). Anticipating adaptation to products. Journal of Consumer Research, 36, 149-159. doi:10.1086/ 597050
    • (2009) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.36 , pp. 149-159
    • Wang, J.1    Novemsky, N.2    Dhar, R.3
  • 41
    • 33846009076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The negativity bias is eliminated in older adults: Age-related reduction in event-related brain potentials associated with evaluative categorization
    • doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.815
    • Wood, S., & Kisley, M. A. (2006). The negativity bias is eliminated in older adults: Age-related reduction in event-related brain potentials associated with evaluative categorization. Psychology and Aging, 21, 815-820. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.21.4.815
    • (2006) Psychology and Aging , vol.21 , pp. 815-820
    • Wood, S.1    Kisley, M.A.2
  • 42
    • 84890496048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospect theory model of goal behavior
    • Unpublished manuscript.
    • Wu, G., Heath, C., & Larrick, R. (2008). A prospect theory model of goal behavior. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2008)
    • Wu, G.1    Heath, C.2    Larrick, R.3
  • 43
    • 60349122640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do we really need a reason to indulge?
    • doi:10.1509/jmkr.46.1.25
    • Xu, J., & Schwarz, N. (2009). Do we really need a reason to indulge? Journal of Marketing Research, 46, 25-36. doi:10.1509/jmkr.46.1.25
    • (2009) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.46 , pp. 25-36
    • Xu, J.1    Schwarz, N.2
  • 44
    • 0000861551 scopus 로고
    • A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning
    • doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329
    • Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 329-339. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329
    • (1989) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 329-339
    • Zimmerman, B.J.1
  • 45
    • 84904282800 scopus 로고
    • Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview
    • Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25, 3-17.
    • (1990) Educational Psychologist , vol.25 , pp. 3-17
    • Zimmerman, B.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.