Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 13, Issue 12 SUPPL., 2013, Pages 3-9

  Ascherio, Alberto ^a  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

childhood obesity; epidemiology; Epstein Barr virus; multiple sclerosis; risk factors; smoking; vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; BETA INTERFERON; PLACEBO; VITAMIN D;

ADD ON THERAPY; ANTIBODY TITER; B LYMPHOCYTE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS INFECTION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; SEASON; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SUN EXPOSURE; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WEIGHT CHANGE;

ENVIRONMENT; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PEDIATRIC OBESITY; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

EID: 84890084194     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2013.865866     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (38)

1. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 359(9313), 1221-1231 (2002
2. Gale CR, Martyn CN. Migrant studies in multiple sclerosis. Prog. Neurobiol. 47(4-5), 425-448 (1995
3. Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE Jr. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: III. Migration and the risk of MS. Neurology 35(5), 672-678 (1985
4. Ascherio A, Munger KL, Simon KC. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 9(6), 599-612 (2010
5. Kurtzke JF, Beebe GW, Norman JE Jr. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution. Neurology 29(9 Pt. 1), 1228-1235 (1979
6. Wallin MT, Culpepper WJ, Coffman P et al. The Gulf War era multiple sclerosis cohort: Age and incidence rates by race, sex and service. Brain 135(Pt. 6), 1778-1785 (2012
7. Orton SM, Herrera BM, Yee IM et al. Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: A longitudinal study. Lancet Neurol. 5(11), 932-936 (2006
8. Koch-Henriksen N. The danish multiple sclerosis registry: A 50-year follow-up. Mult. Sc r. 5(4), 293-296 (1999
9. Poskanzer DC, Schapira K, Miller H. Multiple sclerosis and poliomyelitis. Lancet 2(7314), 917-921 (1963
10. Leibowitz U, Antonovsky A, Medalie JM, Smith HA, Halpern L, Alter M. Epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis in Israel. II. Multiple sclerosis and level of sanitation. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 29(1), 60-68 (1966
11. Bach JF. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 347(12), 911-920 (2002
12. Fleming J, Fabry Z. The hygiene hypothesis and multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 61(2), 85-89 (2007
13. Thacker EL, Mirzaei F, Ascherio A. Infectious mononucleosis and risk for multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis. Ann. Neurol. 59(3), 499-503 (2006
14. Niederman JC, Evans AS. Epstein-Barr virus. In: Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Evans AS, Kaslow RA (Eds). Plenum Medical Book Company, New York & London, 253-283 (1997
15. Hallee TJ, Evans AS, Niederman JC, Brooks CM, Voegtly JH. Infectious mononucleosis at the United States Military Academy. A prospective study of a single class over four years. Yale J. Biol. Med. 47(3), 182-195 (1974
16. Ascherio A, Munger KL. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: The role of infection. Ann. Neurol. 61(4), 288-299 (2007
17. Levin LI, Munger KL, O'Reilly EJ, Falk KI, Ascherio A. Primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus and risk of multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 67(6), 824-830 (2010
18. Ascherio A, Munger KL, Lünemann JD. The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 8(11), 602-612 (2012
19. Serafini B, Rosicarelli B, Franciotta D et al. Dysregulated Epstein-Barr virus infection in the multiple sclerosis brain. J. Exp. Med. 204(12), 2899-2912 (2007
20. Simon KC, O'Reilly EJ, Munger KL, Finerty S, Morgan AJ, Ascherio A. Epstein-Barr virus neutralizing antibody levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 18(8), 1185-1187 (2012
21. Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A. Cigarette smoking and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154(1), 69-74 (2001
22. Hedström AK, Bäärnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 73(9), 696-701 (2009
23. Riise T, Nortvedt MW, Ascherio A. Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Neurology 61(8), 1122-1124 (2003
24. Sundström P, Nyström L, Hallmans G. Smoke exposure increases the risk for multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 15(6), 579-583 (2008
25. Palacios N, Alonso A, Brønnum-Hansen H, Ascherio A. Smoking and increased risk of multiple sclerosis: Parallel trends in the sex ratio reinforce the evidence. Ann. Epidemiol. 21(7), 536-542 (2011
26. Healy BC, Ali EN, Guttmann CR et al. Smoking and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 66(7), 858-864 (2009
27. Munger KL, Chitnis T, Ascherio A. Body size and risk of MS in two cohorts of US women. Neurology 73(19), 1543-1550 (2009
28. Hedström AK, Olsson T, Alfredsson L. High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women. Mult. Scler. 18(9), 1334-1336 (2012
29. Munger KL, Bentzen J, Laursen B et al. Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: A long-term cohort study. Mult. Scler. 19(10), 1323-1329. (2013
30. Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E et al. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 62(1), 60-65 (2004
31. Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA 296(23), 2832-2838 (2006
32. Salzer J, Hallmans G, Nyström M, Stenlund H, Wadell G, Sundström P. Vitamin D as a protective factor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 79(21), 2140-2145 (2012
33. Ascherio A, Munger KL, Lünemann JD. The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 8(11), 602-612 (2012
34. Simpson S Jr, Taylor B, Blizzard L et al. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 68(2), 193-203 (2010
35. Runia TF, Hop WC, de Rijke YB, Buljevac D, Hintzen RQ. Lower serum vitamin D levels are associated with a higher relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 79(3), 261-266 (2012
36. Mowry EM, Waubant E, McCulloch CE et al. Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 72(2), 234-240 (2012
37. Ascherio A, Munger K, Simon C et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among patients in BENEFIT predicts conversion to multiple sclerosis, MRI lesions, and brain volume loss [Poster 831]. Presented at: ECTRIMS 2012. Lyon, France, 9-13 October 2012
38. Soilu-Hänninen M, Aivo J, Lindström BM et al. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon b-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 83(5), 565-571 (2012