Pediatric reference values for urine particle quantification by using automated flow cytometer: Results of a multicenter study of Italian urinalysis group

Clinical Biochemistry

Volumn 46, Issue 18, 2013, Pages 1820-1824

  Manoni, Fabio ^a   Gessoni, Gianluca ^b   Caleffi, Alberta ^c   Alessio, Maria Grazia ^d   Rosso, Roberto ^e   Menozzi, Patrizia ^f   Tinello, Agostino ^a   Valverde, Sara ^b   Azzarà, Giovanna ^d   Lippi, Giuseppe ^c  

^a ULSS 17   (Italy)

^b Ospedale Madonna Della Navicella   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PARMA   (Italy)

^d General and Emergency Surgery department   (Italy)

^e Ospedale Legnano e Magenta   (Italy)

^f S MARIA NUOVA HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Automated analyzers; Pediatric reference limits; Urinalysis; Urine particles

Indexed keywords

ANALYZER; ARTICLE; AUTOMATED FLOW CYTOMETER; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CHILD; CLINICAL LABORATORY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EPITHELIUM CELL; ERYTHROCYTE; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFANT; LEUKOCYTE; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM; URINALYSIS; URINARY CAST;

AUTOMATED ANALYZERS; PEDIATRIC REFERENCE LIMITS; URINALYSIS; URINE PARTICLES;

AUTOMATION; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ERYTHROCYTES; FEMALE; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMANS; INFANT; ITALY; LEUKOCYTES; MALE; REFERENCE VALUES; URINALYSIS;

EID: 84889650810     PISSN: 00099120     EISSN: 18732933     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.005     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Kouri T., Fogazzi G., Gant V., Hallander H., Hofmann W., Guder W. European Urinalysis Guidelines. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2000, 60(Suppl. 231):1-96.
2. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Urinalysis and collection, transportation, and preservation of urine specimens. Approved guideline GP16-A3 2009, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA. 3rd ed.
3. Ottiger C., Huber A.R. Quantitative urine particle analysis: integrative approach for the optimal combination of automation with UF-100 and microscopic review with KOVA cell chamber. Clin Chem 2003, 49:617-623.
4. Wald R., Bell C., Nisenbaum R., Perrone S., Liangos O., Laupacis A., et al. Interobserver reliability of urine sediment interpretation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 4:567-571.
5. Lalla M., Koivula T., Blomberg H., Grønroos P., Gävert J., Icen A., et al. Finnish recommendation for methods used in urinalysis: results for five-year period. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1990, 200:34-38.
6. Hannemann-Pohl K., Kampf S.C. Automation of urine sediment examination: a comparison of the Sysmex UF-100 automated flow cytometer with routine manual diagnosis (microscopy, test strips, and bacterial culture). Clin Chem Lab Med 1999, 37:753-764.
7. Chien T.I., Kao J.T., Liu H.L., Lin P.C., Hong J.S., Hsieh H.P., et al. Urine sediment examination: a comparison of automated urinalysis systems and manual microscopy. Clin Chim Acta 2007, 384:28-34.
8. Manoni F., Tinello A., Fornasiero L., Hoffer P., Temporin V., Valverde S., et al. Urine particle evaluation: a comparison between the UF-1000i and quantitative microscopy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010, 48:1107-1111.
9. Vaillancourt S., McGillivray D., Zhang X., Kramer S. To clean or not to clean: effect on contamination rates in midstream urine collections in toilet-trained children. Pediatrics 2007, 119:1288-1293.
10. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Urinary tract infections in children: diagnosis, treatment and long-term management Available at:, [Last accessed 20 July 2013]. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG054.
11. Zaman Z., Fogazzi G.B., Garigali G., Croci M.D., Bayer G., Kránicz T. Urine sediment analysis: analytical and diagnostic performance of sediMAX - a new automated microscopy image-based urine sediment analyser. Clin Chim Acta 2010, 411:147-154.
12. Van den Broek D., Keularts I.M., Wielders J.P., Kraaijenhagen R.J. Benefits of the iQ200 automated urine microscopy analyser in routine urinalysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008, 46:1635-1640.
13. Shayanfar N., Tobler U., von Eckardstein A., Bestmann L. Automated urinalysis: first experiences and a comparison between the Iris iQ200 urine microscopy system, the Sysmex UF-100 flow cytometer and manual microscopic particle counting. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007, 45:1251-1256.
14. Manoni F., Caleffi A., Gessoni G., Alessio M., Lippi G., Valverde S., et al. Chemical, morphological, and microbiological urine examination: a proposal of guidelines for standardization of preanalytical phase. Biochim Clin 2011, 35:131-139.
15. Kouri T., Gyory A., Rowan R. ISLH recommended reference procedure for the enumeration of particles in urine. Lab Hematol 2003, 9:58-63.
16. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Defining, establishing, and verifying reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline CLSI C28-A3, Gary L. Horowitz, MD, chairholder, approved guideline C28A3E 2008, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA.
17. Caleffi A., Manoni F., Alessio M.G., Ottomano C., Lippi G. Quality in extra-analytical phases of urinalysis. Biochem Med 2010, 20:179-183.
18. Coppens A., Speeckaert M., Delanghe J. The pre-analytical challenges of routine urinalysis. Acta Clin Belg 2010, 65:182-188.
19. Veljkovic K., Rodríguez-Capote K., Bhayana V., Pickersgill R., Beattie J., Clark L., et al. Assessment of a four hour delay for urine samples stored without preservatives at room temperature for urinalysis. Clin Biochem 2012, 45:856-858.
20. Roelofs-Thijssen M.A., Schreuder M.F., Hogeveen M., van Herwaarden A.E. Reliable laboratory urinalysis results using a new standardised urine collection device. Clin Biochem 2013, 46:1252-1256.
21. Kouri T., Vuotari L., Pohjavaara S., Laippala P. Preservation of urine for flow cytometry and visual microscopic testing. Clin Chem 2002, 48:900-905.
22. Manoni F., Valverde S., Caleffi A., Alessio M.G., Silvestri M.G., De Rosa R., et al. Stability of common analytes and urine particles stored at room temperature before automated analysis. RIMel-IJLM 2008, 4:192-198.
23. Lamchiagdhase P., Preechaborisutkul K., Lomsomboon P., Srisuchart P., Tantiniti P., Khanu-Ra N., et al. Urine sediment examination: a comparison between the manual method and the iQ200 automated urine microscopy analyzer. Clin Chim Acta 2005, 358:167-174.
24. Steinmetz J., Henny J., Gueguen R. Reference limits for urine sediments performed on Sysmex UF-50. Ann Biol Clin 2004, 62:671-680.
25. Regeniter A., Haenni V., Risch L., Köchli H., Colombo J., Frei R., et al. Urine analysis performed by flow cytometry: reference range determination and comparison to morphological findings, dipstick chemistry and bacterial culture results - a multicenter study. Clin Nephrol 2001, 55:384-392.
26. Gyory A., Hawkins T., Ross M., McLennan J., Ibels L. Clinical value of urine microscopy by manual and automated methods. Lab Hematol 1998, 4:211-216.
27. Manoni F., Gessoni G., Alessio M.G., Caleffi A., Saccani G., Silvestri M.G., et al. Mid-stream vs. first-voided urine collection by using automated analyzers for particle examination in healthy subjects: an Italian multicenter study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011, 20:679-684.
28. Terajima S., Yokomizo H., Yagi A., Miura M., Amano C. Evaluation study for reference intervals of urine sediments using UF-1000i in medical check-up population. Sysmex J Int 2009, 19:82-86.
29. Terachi M., Nishida Y., Funahashi J., Kakizoe K., Toichi M., Shimada M., et al. Evaluation study for reference interval of UF-1000i using urine specimens from school children. Sysmex J Int 2009, 19:1-4. [l].
30. Duval J. Proposed cell count normal limits for urine processed on the Sysmex UF-100. Sysmex J Int 2004, 14:23-29.
31. Steinmetz J., Henny J., Gueguen R. Stepwise strategies in analysing haematuria and leukocyturia in screening. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006, 44:464-470.
32. Lun A., Ziebig R., Hammer H., Otting U., Filler G., Sinha P. Reference values for neonates and children for the UF-100 urine flow cytometer. Clin Chem 1999, 45:1879-1880.
33. Whiting P., Westwood M., Bojke L., Palmer S., Richardson G., Cooper J., et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of tests for the diagnosis and investigation of urinary tract infection in children: a systematic review and economic model. Health Technol Assess 2006, 10:1-154.
34. Rao S., Bhatt J., Houghton C., Macfarlane P. An improved urine collection pad method: a randomised clinical trial. Arch Dis Child 2004, 89:773-775.
35. Rao S., Houghton C., Macfarlane P.I. A new urine collection method; pad and moisture sensitive alarm. Arch Dis Child 2003, 88:836.
36. Manoni F., Tinello A., Fornasiero L., Hoffer P., Valverde S., Gessoni G. Diagnosis of urinary tract infections: comparison of Sysmex UF-100 and Sysmex UF-1000i with culture. Biochim Clin 2012, 36:107-111.