Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia

Journal of Diabetes

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 9-20

  Perez, Antonio ^a,b   Jansen Chaparro, Sergio ^d   Saigi, Ignasi ^c   Bernal Lopez, M Rosa ^e,f   Miñambres, Inka ^a   Gomez Huelgas, Ricardo ^d,e  

^a HOSPITAL DE LA SANTA CREU I SANT PAU   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^c Lipid Clinic   (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL REGIONAL UNIVERSITARIO DE MÁLAGA   (Spain)

^e Instituto de Salud Carlos III   (Spain)

^f HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LA VICTORIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Glucocorticoids; Hyperglycemia; Treatment strategy

Indexed keywords

DEXAMETHASONE; EXENDIN 4; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLICLAZIDE; GLIMEPIRIDE; GLIPIZIDE; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOSE; HUMAN INSULIN; INSULIN ASPART; INSULIN DETEMIR; INSULIN GLARGINE; INSULIN GLULISINE; INSULIN LISPRO; ISOPHANE INSULIN; LANTUS SOLOSTAR; LONG ACTING INSULIN; METFORMIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MIXTARD 30 INNOLET; NEUTRAL INSULIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PIOGLITAZONE; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RECOMBINANT HUMAN INSULIN; REPAGLINIDE; SHORT ACTING INSULIN; SULFONYLUREA; TRIAMCINOLONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

AMBULATORY CARE; BEDTIME DOSAGE; DIABETES CONTROL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HOSPITAL CARE; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN TREATMENT; LOW DRUG DOSE; MORNING DOSAGE; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCREENING; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; TIME TO TREATMENT; TREATMENT DURATION;

GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HYPERGLYCEMIA; TREATMENT STRATEGY;

GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; HYPERGLYCEMIA;

EID: 84889643683     PISSN: 17530393     EISSN: 17530407     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12090     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Lamb E. Top 200 prescription drugs of 2006. Pharm Times. 2007; 34-41. Available from: http://www.pharmacytimes.com/issue/pharmacy/2007/2007-05/2007-05-6472 (accessed 1 December 2008).
2. Van Staa TP, Leufkens HGM, Abenhaim L, Begaud B, Zhang B, Cooper C. Use of oral corticosteroids in the United Kingdom. Q J Med. 2000; 93: 105-111.
3. Marvin MR, Morton V. Glycemic control and organ transplantation. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009; 3: 1365-1372.
4. Kasiske BL, Snyder JJ, Gilbertson D, Matas AJ. Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in the United States. Am J Transplant. 2003; 3: 178-185.
5. Von Vollenhoven RF. Corticosteroids in rheumatic disease. Postgrad Med. 1998; 103: 137-142.
6. Bressler P, De Fronzo RA. Drugs and diabetes. Diabetes Rev. 1994; 2: 53-84.
7. Tatsuno I, Sugiyama T. Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus is a risk for vertebral fracture during glucocorticoid treatment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011; 93: e18-e20.
8. Donihi AC, Raval D, Saul M, Korytkowski MT, DeVita MA. Prevalence and predictors of corticosteroid-related hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients. Endocr Pract. 2006; 12: 358-362.
9. Uzu T, Harada T, Sakaguchi M etal. Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors in primary renal diseases. Nephron Clin Pract. 2007; 105: c54-c57.
10. Kim SY, Yoo CG, Lee CT etal. Incidence and risk factors of steroid-induced diabetes in patients with respiratory disease. J Korean Med Sci. 2011; 26: 264-266.
11. Montori VM, Velosa JA, Basu A etal. Posttransplantation diabetes: A systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25: 583-592.
12. Chan HW, Cheung CY, Liu YL etal. Prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in Chinese renal transplant recipients: A single centre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008; 23: 3337-3342.
13. Bonato V, Barni R, Cataldo D etal. Analysis of posttransplant diabetes mellitus prevalence in a population of kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2008; 40: 1888-1890.
14. Pagano G, Cavallo-Perin P, Cassader M etal. An in vivo and in vitro study of the mechanism of prednisone-induced insulin resistance in healthy subjects. J Clin Invest. 1983; 72: 1814-1820.
15. Rizza RA, Mandarino LJ, Gerich JE. Cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man: Impaired suppression of glucose-production and stimulation of glucose utilization due to a postreceptor defect of insulin action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982; 54: 131-138.
16. Abdelmannan D, Tahboub R, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F. Effect of dexamethasone on oral glucose tolerance in normal individuals. Endocr Pract. 2010; 16: 770-777.
17. Dean PG, Kudva YC, Larson TS, Kremers WK, Stegall MD. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus after pancreas transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2008; 8: 175-182.
18. Clore JN, Thurby-Hay L. Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Endocr Pract. 2009; 15: 469-474.
19. Jeong IK, Oh SH, Kim BJ etal. The effects of dexamethasone on insulin release and biosynthesis are dependent on the dose and duration of treatment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001; 51: 163-171.
20. Raúl Ariza-Andraca C, Barile-Fabris LA, Frati-Munari AC, Baltazár-Montufar P. Risk factors for steroid diabetes in rheumatic patients. Arch Med Res. 1998; 29: 259-262.
21. Hjelmesaeth J, Hartmann A, Kofstad J etal. Glucose intolerance after renal transplantation depends upon prednisolone dose and recipient age. Transplantation. 1997; 64: 979-983.
22. Besse C, Nicod N, Tappy L. Changes in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism induced by dexamethasone in lean and obese females. Obes Res. 2005; 13: 306-311.
23. Davidson J, Wilkinson A, Dantal J etal. New-onset diabetes after transplantation: 2003 international consensus guidelines. Transplantation. 2003; 10: SS3-SS24.
24. Grill V, Pigon J, Hartling SG, Binder C, Efendic S. Effects of dexamethasone on glucose-induced insulin and proinsulin release in low and high insulin responders. Metabolism. 1990; 39: 251-258.
25. Larsson H, Ahren B. Insulin resistant subjects lack islet adaptation to short-term dexamethasone-induced reduction in insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia. 1999; 42: 936-943.
26. Wajngot A, Giacca A, Grill V, Vranic M, Efendic S. The diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids are more pronounced in low- than in high-insulin responders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89: 6035-6039.
27. Depczynski B, Daly B, Campbell LV, Chisholm DJ, Keogh A. Predicting the occurrence of diabetes mellitus in recipients of heart transplants. Diabet Med. 2000; 17: 15-19.
28. Henriksen JE, Alford F, Ward GM, Beck-Nielsen H. Risk and mechanism of dexamethasone-induced deterioration of glucose tolerance in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients. Diabetologia. 1997; 40: 1439-1448.
29. Frazier B, Hsiao CW, Deuster P, Poth M. African Americans and Caucasian Americans: Differences in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. Horm Metab Res. 2010; 42: 887-891.
30. Binnert C, Ruchat S, Nicod N, Tappy L. Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance shows no gender difference in healthy humans. Diabetes Metab. 2004; 30: 321-326.
31. Walczak DA, Calvert D, Jarzembowski TM etal. Increased risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus despite early steroid discontinuation in Hispanic kidney transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2005; 19: 527-531.
32. Vesco L, Busson M, Bedrossian J etal. Diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: Characteristics, outcome, and risk factors. Transplantation. 1996; 61: 1475-1478.
33. Gulliford MC, Charlton J, Latinovic R. Risk of diabetes associated with prescribed glucocorticoids in a large population. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 2728-2729.
34. Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F etal. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1359-1367.
35. Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF etal. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 553-591.
36. Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Rydén L. Glycometabolic state at admission: Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction: Long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation. 1999; 99: 2626-2632.
37. Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Jacobs S etal. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: 256-261.
38. Chavez M, Seeley RJ, Green PK, Wilkinson CW, Schwartz MW, Woods SC. Adrenalectomy increases sensitivity to central insulin. Physiol Behav. 1997; 62: 631-634.
39. McMahon M, Gerich J, Rizza R. Effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolism. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988; 4: 17-30.
40. Vegiopoulos A, Herzig S. Glucocorticoids, metabolism and metabolic diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007; 275: 43-61.
41. van Raalte DH, Ouwens DM, Diamant M. Novel insights into glucocorticoid-mediated diabetogenic effects: Towards expansion of therapeutic options? Eur J Clin Invest. 2009; 39: 81-93.
42. Barthel A, Schmoll D. Novel concepts in insulin regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 285: E685-E692.
43. Jin JY, Dubois DC, Almon RR, Jusko WJ. Receptor/gene-mediated pharmacodynamic effects of methylprednisolone on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase regulation in rat liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004; 309: 328-339.
44. Sasaki K, Cripe TP, Koch SR etal. Multihormonal regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription. The dominant role of insulin. J Biol Chem. 1984; 259: 15242-15251.
45. Vander Kooi BT, Onuma H, Oeser JK etal. The glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit gene promoter contains both positive and negative glucocorticoid response elements. Mol Endocrinol. 2005; 19: 3001-3022.
46. Andrews RC, Walker BR. Glucocorticoids and insulin resistance: Old hormones, new targets. Clin Sci. 1999; 96: 513-523.
47. Zimmerman T, Horber F, Rodriguez N, Schwenk WF, Haymond MW. Contribution of insulin resistance to catabolic effect of prednisone on leucine metabolism in humans. Diabetes. 1989; 38: 1238-1244.
48. Kraus-Friedmann N. Hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Physiol Rev. 1984; 64: 170-259.
49. Dirlewanger M, Schneiter PH, Paquot N, Jequier E, Rey V, Tappy L. Effects of glucocorticoids on hepatic sensitivity to insulin and glucagon in man. Clin Nutr. 2000; 19: 29-34.
50. Bernal-Mizrachi C, Weng S, Feng C etal. Dexamethasone induction of hypertension and diabetes is PPAR-alpha dependent in LDL receptor-null mice. Nat Med. 2003; 9: 1069-1075.
51. Bernal-Mizrachi C, Xiaozhong L, Yin L etal. An afferent vagal nerve pathway links hepatic PPARα activation to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Cell Metab. 2007; 5: 91-102.
52. Nielsen MF, Caumo A, Chandramouli V etal. Impaired basal glucose effectiveness but unaltered fasting glucose release and gluconeogenesis during short-term hypercortisolemia in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 286: E102-E110.
53. Sakoda H, Ogihara T, Anai M etal. Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is due to inhibition of glucose transport rather than insulin signal transduction. Diabetes. 2000; 49: 1700-1708.
54. Weinstein SP, Wilson CM, Pritsker A, Cushman SW. Dexamethasone inhibits insulin-stimulated recruitment of GLUT4 to the cell surface in rat skeletal muscle. Metabolism. 1998; 47: 3-6.
55. Oda N, Nakai A, Mokuno T etal. Dexamethasone-induced changes in glucose transporter 4 in rat heart muscle, skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995; 133: 121-126.
56. Coderre L, Vallega GA, Pilch PF, Chipkin SR. In vivo effects of dexamethasone and sucrose onglucose transport (GLUT-4) protein tissue distribution. Am J Physiol. 1996; 271: E643-E648.
57. Owen OE, Cahill GF Jr. Metabolic effectsof exogenous glucocorticoids in fasted man. J Clin Invest. 1973; 52: 2596-2605.
58. Weinstein SP, Paquin T, Pritsker A, Haber RS. Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance: Dexamethasone inhibits the activation of glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle by both insulin- and non-insulinrelated stimuli. Diabetes. 1995; 44: 441-445.
59. Dimitriadis G, Leighton B, Parry-Billings M etal. Effects of glucocorticoid excess on the sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism to insulin in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem J. 1997; 321: 707-712.
60. Ruzzin J, Wagman AS, Jensen J. Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles: Defects in insulin signalling and the effects of a selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor. Diabetologia. 2005; 48: 2119-2130.
61. Henriksen JE, Alford F, Vaag A, Handberg A, Beck-Nielsen H. Intracellular skeletal muscle glucose metabolism is differentially altered by dexamethasone treatment of normoglycemic relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism. 1999; 48: 1128-1135.
62. Ekstrand A, Schalin-Jantti C, Lofman M etal. The effect of (steroid) immunosuppression on skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism in patients after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 1996; 61: 889-893.
63. Krebs M, Krssak M, Bernroider E etal. Mechanism of amino acid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes. 2002; 51: 599-605.
64. Elks ML. Fat oxidation and diabetes of obesity: The Randle hypothesis revisited. Med Hypotheses. 1990; 33: 257-260.
65. Perseghin G, Petersen K, Shulman GI. Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance: Potential links with inflammation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003; 27 (Suppl. 3): S6-S11.
66. Divertie GD, Jensen MD, Miles JM. Stimulation of lipolysis in humans by physiological hypercortisolemia. Diabetes. 1991; 40: 1228-1232.
67. Hasselgren PO. Glucocorticoids and muscle catabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999; 2: 201-205.
68. Lofberg E, Gutierrez A, Wernerman J etal. Effects of high doses of glucocorticoids on free amino acids, ribosomes and protein turnover in human muscle. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002; 32: 345-353.
69. Schakman O, Gilson H, Thissen JP. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid induced myopathy. J Endocrinol. 2008; 197: 1-10.
70. Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Miles J, Rizza R. Effects of the normal nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in IDDM. Am J Physiol. 1995; 268: E595-603.
71. Boden G, Shulman GI. Free fatty acids in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest. 2002; 32 (Suppl. 3): 14-23.
72. Delaunay F, Khan A, Cintra A etal. Pancreatic beta cells are important targets for the diabetogenic effects of glucocorticoids. J Clin Invest. 1997; 100: 2094-2098.
73. van Raalte DH, Nofrate V, Bunck MC etal. Acute and 2-week exposure to prednisolone impair different aspects of β-cell function in healthy men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010; 162: 729-735.
74. Shamoon H, Soman V, Sherwin RS. The influence of acute physiological increments of cortisol on fuel metabolism and insulin binding to monocytes in normal humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980; 50: 495-501.
75. Kalhan SC, Adam PA. Inhibitory effect of prednisone on insulin secretion in man: Model for duplication of blood glucose concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975; 41: 600-610.
76. van Raalte DH, Mari A, Bunck MC etal. Acute and subacute exposure to glucocorticoids differentially impairs various aspects of beta-cell function in healthy males. Diabetes. 2008; 57 (Suppl. 1): 1468-P. (Abstract).
77. Beard JC, Halter JB, Best JD, Pfeifer MA, Porte D Jr. Dexamethasoneinduced insulin resistance enhances B cell responsiveness to glucose level in normal men. Am J Physiol. 1984; 247: E592-E596.
78. Matsumoto K, Yamasaki H, Akazawa S etal. High-dose but not low-dose dexamethasone impairs glucose tolerance by inducing compensatory failure of pancreatic beta-cells in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81: 2621-2626.
79. Mari A, Schmitz O, Gastaldelli A, Oestergaard T, Nyholm B, Ferrannini E. Meal and oral glucose tests for assessment of beta-cell function: Modeling analysis in normal subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 283: E1159-E1166.
80. Dessein PH, Joffe BI. Insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54: 2765-2775.
81. Lambillotte C, Gilon P, Henquin JC. Direct glucocorticoid inhibition of insulin secretion: An in vitro study of dexamethasone effects in mouse islets. J Clin Invest. 1997; 99: 414-423.
82. Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, van Haeften TW. Type 2 diabetes: Principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet. 2005; 365: 1333-1346.
83. Hamamdzic D, Duzic E, Sherlock JD, Lanier SM. Regulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor expression and signaling in pancreatic β-cells. Am J Physiol. 1995; 269: E162-E171.
84. Ullrich S, Berchtold S, Ranta F etal. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) mediates glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of insulin secretion. Diabetes. 2005; 54: 1090-1099.
85. Zarkovic M, Beleslin B, Ciric J etal. Glucocorticoid effect on insulin sensitivity: A time frame. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008; 31: 238-242.
86. Magee MH, Blum RA, Lates CD, Jusko WJ. Prednisolone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to sex and race. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001; 41: 1180-1194.
87. Iwamoto T, Kagawa Y, Naito Y, Kuzuhara S, Kojima M. Steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and related risk factors in patients with neurologic diseases. Pharmacotherapy. 2004; 24: 508-514.
88. Saigi I, Perez A. Management of glucocorticoid induced hyperglycemia. Rev Clin Esp. 2010; 210: 397-403. (in Spanish).
89. American Diabetes Association. Position statement: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2011. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34 (Suppl. 1): S11-S61.
90. Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Report of the Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1997; 20: 1183-1197.
91. World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of A WHO Consultation. Part 1. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999.
92. Perez Perez A, Conthe Gutierrez P, Aguilar Diosdado M etal. Hospital management of hyperglycemia. Med Clin. 2009; 132: 465-475. (in Spanish).
93. Van Raalte DH, Van Genugten RE, Linssen M, Ouwens DM, Diamant M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment prevents glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in humans. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34: 412-417.
94. Iyer SN, Tanenberg RJ, Mendez CE, West RL, Drake AJ 3rd. Pancreatitis associated with incretin-based therapies. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36: e49.
95. Campbell PJ, Gerich JE. Impact of obesity on insulin action in volunteers with normal glucose tolerance: Demonstration of a threshold for adverse affect of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990; 70: 1114-1118.
96. Riddle M, Rosenstock J, Gerich J. Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: Randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 3080-3086.
97. Hermansen K, Davies M, Derezinski T, Martinez Ravn G, Clauson P, Home P. A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 1269-1274.
98. Vincenti F, Friman S, Scheuermann E etal. Results of an international, randomized trial comparing glucose metabolism disorders and outcome with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus [published errata appear in Am J Transplant. 2008; 8: 1 and Am J Transplant. 2008; 8: 908]. Am J Transplant. 2007; 7: 1506-1514.
99. Redmon JB, Olson LK, Armstrong MB, Greene MJ, Robertson RP. Effects of tacrolimus (FK506) on human insulin gene expression, insulin mRNA levels, and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98: 2786-2793.