Morphologic grading and treatment of facial actinic keratosis

Clinics in Dermatology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 80-87

  Zalaudek, Iris ^a,b   Piana, Simonetta ^a   Moscarella, Elvira ^a   Longo, Caterina ^a   Zendri, Enrico ^a   Castagnetti, Fabio ^c   Pellacani, Giovanni ^a   Lallas, Aimilios ^a   Argenziano, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF GRAZ   (Austria)

^c University of Modena and Reggio Emilia ^*  (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DICLOFENAC; FLUOROURACIL; IMIQUIMOD; INGENOL MEBUTATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN P53; RETINOID; SALICYLIC ACID;

ACTINIC KERATOSIS; BCL 2 GENE; CANCER GRADING; CANCER GROWTH; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; EPILUMINESCENCE MICROSCOPY; FACE DISORDER; FOLLOW UP; GENE MUTATION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LASER SURGERY; NITROGEN LASER; NON INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NOTE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLECTOMETRY; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN CARCINOMA; SKIN SURGERY; SUNLIGHT PROTECTION; TUMOR INVASION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

DERMOSCOPY; FACIAL DERMATOSES; FACIAL NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; KERATOSIS, ACTINIC; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS;

EID: 84889589703     PISSN: 0738081X     EISSN: 18791131     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.028     Document Type: Note

References (38)

1. Heaphy M.R., Ackerman A.B. The nature of solar keratosis: A critical review in historical perspective. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000, 43:138-150.
2. Cockerell C.J. Histopathology of incipient intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma ("actinic keratosis"). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000, 42(1 Pt 2):11-17.
3. Brash D.E., Ziegler A., Jonason A.S., et al. Sunlight and sunburn in human skin cancer: p53, apoptosis, and tumor protection. J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc 1996, 1:136-142.
4. Traianou A., Ulrich M., Apalla Z., et al. Risk factors for actinic keratosis in eight European centres: A case-control study. Br J Dermatol 2012, 167(Suppl. 2):36-42. EPIDERM Group.
5. Stockfleth E., Nindl I., Sterry W., et al. Human papillomaviruses in transplant-associated skin cancers. Dermatol Surg 2004, 30:604-609.
6. Harwood C.A., Proby M. Human papillomaviruses and non-melanoma skin cancer. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2002, 15:101-114.
7. Fartasch M., Diepgen T.L., Schmitt J., Drexler H. The relationship between occupational sun exposure and non-melanoma skin cancer: Clinical basics, epidemiology, occupational disease evaluation, and prevention. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012, 109:715-720.
8. Frost C., Williams G., Green A. High incidence and regression rates of solar keratoses in a Queensland community. J Invest Dermatol 2000, 115:273-277.
9. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of skin cancer: A population-based case-control study. Cancer 2012, 118:4768-4776.
10. Zalaudek I., Argenziano G. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of keratinocyte skin cancer among women: Is there a link?. Cancer 2013, 119:1446. 10.1002/cncr.27764.
11. Stockfleth E., Ulrich C., Meyer T., Christophers E. Epithelial malignancies in organ transplant patients: Clinical presentation and new methods of treatment. Recent Results Cancer Res 2002, 160:251-258.
12. Ulrich C., Christophers E., Sterry W., Meyer T., Stockfleth E. Skin diseases in organ transplant patients. Hautarzt 2002, 53:524-533.
13. Glogau R.G. The risk of progression to invasive disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000, 42:23-24.
14. Marks R., Rennie G., Selwood T.S. Malignant transformation of solar keratoses to squamous cell carcinoma. Lancet 1988, 8589:795-797.
15. Zalaudek I., Giacomel J.S., Leinweber B. Squamous cell carcinoma including actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease and keratoacanthoma and its pigmented variants. Color Atlas of Melanocytic Lesions of the Skin 2007, 295-302. Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany. H.P. Soyer, G. Argenziano, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. Johr (Eds.).
16. Green A., Battistutta D. Incidence and determinants of skin cancer in a high-risk Australian population. Int J Cancer 1990, 46:356-361.
17. Mittelbronn M.A., Mullins D.L., Ramos-Caro F.A., et al. Frequency of pre-existing actinic keratosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol 1998, 37:677-681.
18. Czarnecki D., Meehan C.J., Bruce F., et al. The majority of cutane- ous squamous cell carcinomas arise in actinic keratoses. J Cutan Med Surg 2002, 6:207-209.
19. Rowert-Huber J., Patel M.J., Forschner T., et al. Actinic keratosis is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma: A proposal for reclassification. Br J Dermatol 2007, 156(Suppl. 3):8-12.
20. Zalaudek I., Giacomel J., Schmid K., et al. Dermatoscopy of facial actinic keratosis, intraepidermal carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma: A progression model. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012, 66:589-597.
21. Zalaudek I., Giacomel J., Argenziano G., et al. Dermatoscopy of facial nonpigmented actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2006, 155:951-956.
22. Huerta-Brogeras M., Olmos O., Borbujo J., et al. Validation of dermatoscopy as a real-time noninvasive diagnostic imaging technique for actinic keratosis. Arch Dermatol 2012, 148:1159-1164.
23. Rosendahl C., Cameron A., Argenziano G., et al. Dermascopy of squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma. Arch Dermatol 2012, 148:1386-1392. 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.2974.
24. Ulrich M., Maltusch A., Rius-Diaz F., et al. Clinical applicability of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of actinic keratoses. Dermatol Surg 2008, 34:610-619.
25. Horn M., Gerger A., Ahlgrimm-Siess V., et al. Discrimination of actinic keratoses from normal skin with reflectance mode confocal microscopy. Dermatol Surg 2008, 34:620-625.
26. Lober B.A., Lober C.W. Actinic keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma. South Med J 2000, 93:650-655.
27. Ackerman A.B. Solar keratosis is squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol 2003, 139:1216-1217.
28. Braakhuis B.J.M., Tabor M.P., Kummer J.A., et al. A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization. Cancer Res 2003, 63:1727-1730.
29. Wikonkal N.M., Berg R.J., van Haselen C.W., et al. bcl-2 vs p53 protein expression and apoptotic rate in human nonmelanoma skin cancers. Arch Dermatol 1997, 133:599-602.
30. Tucci M.G., Offidani A., Lucarini G., et al. Advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of keratinocytes: An immunohistochemical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1998, 10:118-124.
31. Mortier L., Marchetti P., Delaporte E., et al. Progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin correlates with deletion of the 9p21 region encoding the p16 (INK4a) tumor suppressor. Cancer Lett 2002, 176:205-214.
32. Stanimirovic A., Cupic H., Bosnjak B., et al. Expression of p53, bcl-2 and growth hormone receptor in actinic keratosis, hypertrophic type. Arch Dermatol Res 2003, 295:102-108.
33. Stockfleth E., Kerl H. Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses. Eur J Dermatol 2006, 16:599-606. Guideline Subcommittee of the European Dermatology Forum.
34. Stockfleth E., Ferrandiz C., Grob J.J., et al. Development of a treatment algorithm for actinic keratoses: A European consensus. Eur J Dermatol 2008, 18:651-659. European Skin Academy.
35. Longo C., Casari A., Beretti F., Cesinaro A.M., Pellacani G. Skin aging: In vivo microscopic assessment of epidermal and dermal changes by means of confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013, 68:e73-e82.
36. Longo C., Zalaudek I., Argenziano G., Pellacani G. New directions in dermatopathology: In vivo confocal microscopy in clinical practice. Dermatol Clin 2012, 30:799-814.
37. Fargnoli M.C., Kostaki D., Piccioni A., Micantonio T., Peris K. Dermatoscopy in the diagnosis and management of non-melanoma skin cancers. Eur J Dermatol 2012, 22:456-463.
38. Kaçar N., Sanli B., Zalaudek I., Yildiz N., Ergin S. Dermatoscopy for monitoring treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012, 37:567-569. 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04272.x.