The association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms among Cypriot university students: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study

BMC Public Health

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Sokratous, Sokratis ^a   Merkouris, Anastasios ^a   Middleton, Nicos ^a   Karanikola, Maria ^a  

^a CYPRUS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Cyprus)

Author keywords

Center for epidemiology studies (CES D); Cypriot university students; Depression; Life events scale for students (LESS); Stressful life events

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; CYPRUS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIFE EVENT; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SELF REPORT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STATISTICS; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY; YOUNG ADULT; PSYCHOLOGY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; CYPRUS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MALE; PREVALENCE; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SELF REPORT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STUDENTS; UNIVERSITIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84889065839     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1121     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. The relation of depression and anxiety to life-stress and achievement in students. Andrews B, Wilding JM, Br J Psychol 2004 95 4 509 521 10.1348/0007126042369802 15527535 (Pubitemid 39594097)
2. Self-reported depression in first-year nursing students in relation to socio-demographic and educational factors: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Sweden. Christensson A, Vaez M, Dickman P, Runeson B, Soc Psychiatric Epidemiology 2011 46 4 299 310 10.1007/s00127-010-0198-y
3. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors using beck depression inventory among students of a medical college in Karnataka. Kumar GS, Jain A, Hegde S, Indian J Psychiatry 2012 54 3 223 226 10.4103/0019-5545.102412 23226844
4. The characteristics of depressive symptoms in medical students during medical education and training: a cross-sectional study. Baldasin S, Alves T, De Andrade A, Martins L, BMC Med Educ 2008 8 60 10.1186/1472-6920-8-60 19077227
5. The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms from an Arabian setting: a wake up calls. Al-Faris EA, Irfan F, Van der Vleuten CPM, Naeem N, Alsalem A, Alamiri N, Alraiyes T, Alfowzan M, Alabdulsalam A, Ababtain A, Aljabab S, Bukhari M, Alsinaidi O, Alofaisan Y, Med Teach 2012 34 32 36 10.3109/0142159X.2012.656755
6. Imipramine in prepubertal major depressive disorders. Puig-Antich J, Perel JM, Lupatkin W, Chambers WJ, Tabrizi MA, King J, Goetz R, Davies M, Stiller RL, Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987 44 1 81 89 10.1001/archpsyc.1987. 01800130093012 3541830 (Pubitemid 17210496)
7. Cortisol secretion in prepubertal children with major depressive disorder. Puig-Antich J, Dahl R, Ryan N, Novacenko H, Goetz D, Goetz R, Twomey J, Klepper T, Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989 46 9 801 809 2673131 (Pubitemid 19233228)
8. Prevalence of depression in students of a medical college in New Delhi: a cross-sectional study. Sidana M, Kishore J, Gulati D, Jiloha R, Arand T, Australian Medical Journal 2012 5 5 247 250 10.4066/AMJ.2012.750
9. Psychological distress in first year university students: socioeconomic and academic stressors, mastery and social support in young men and women. Verger P, Combes JB, Kovess-Masfety V, Choquet M, Guagliardo V, Rouillon F, Peretti-Wattel P, Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2009 44 8 643 665 10.1007/s00127-008-0486-y 19096741
10. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. Khan MS, Mahmood S, Badshah A, Ali SU, Jamal Y, J Pak Med Assoc 2006 12 583 586 (Pubitemid 46768928)
11. A survey of depression among Iranian medical students and its correlation with social support and satisfaction. Talaei A, Ardani A, Saghebi A, J Pak Psychiatr Soc 2008 5 2 90 99
12. Depressive symptoms and perceived burdens related to being a student: survey in three European countries. Mikolajczyk RT, Maxwell AE, Naydenova V, Meier S, Ansari WEI, Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2008 4 191 199
13. Depressive symptoms, stress, and social support among dental students at a historically black college and university. Laurence B, Williams C, Eiland D, J Am Coll Health 2009 58 1 56 63 10.3200/JACH.58.1.56-63 19592354
14. Prevalence of depressive symptoms, ways of coping, and related factors among medical school and health services higher education students. Kaya M, Genc M, Kaya B, Pehlivan E, Turk J Psychiatr 2007 18 2 137 146
15. The effects of stressful life events on depression. Kessler RC, Annu Rev Psychol 1997 48 191 214 10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191 9046559 (Pubitemid 127485175)
16. Freshmen adaptation to university life: depressive symptoms, stress, and coping. Dyson R, Renk K, J Clin Psychol 2006 62 1231 1244 10.1002/jclp.20295 16810671 (Pubitemid 44569372)
17. Stressful life events and major depression: risk period, long-term contextual threat and diagnostic specificity. Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA, J Nerv Ment Dis 1998 186 11 661 669 10.1097/00005053-199811000-00001 9824167 (Pubitemid 29103863)
18. Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA, Am J Psychiatry 1999 156 837 841 10360120 (Pubitemid 29260336)
19. Positive life events as a moderator of stress-related depressive symptoms. Dixon WA, Reid JK, J Couns Dev 2000 78 343 347 10.1002/j.1556-6676. 2000.tb01916.x
20. Dutton GR, Major and minor life events as predictors of medical utilization, Master degree thesis Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Psychology science Department 2003
21. The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and major depression. Gillespie NA, Whitfield JB, Williams B, Heath AC, Martin NG, Psychol Med 2005 35 1 101 111 10.1017/S0033291704002727 15842033 (Pubitemid 40201920)
22. Emotional disorders among medical students in a Malaysian private medical school. Zaid ZA, Chan SC, Ho JJ, Singapore Med J 2007 48 10 895 899 17909672 (Pubitemid 351235274)
23. Depression symptomatology and stressful life events among college students in Puerto Rico. Reyes-Rodríguez ML, Rivera-Medina C, Cámara-Fuentes L, Suárez-Torres A, Bernal G, J Affect Disord 2013 145 324 330 10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.010 22939390
24. Coping flexibility in college students with depressive symptoms. Zong J, Cao X, Cao Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Yan C, Abela JRZ, Gan Y, Gong Q, Chan RCK, Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010 13 8 66 71
25. Daily and major life events: a test of an integrative model of psychosocial stress. Wagner BM, Compas BE, Howell DC, Am J Community Psychol 1988 16 2 189 205 10.1007/BF00912522 3407632
26. Stress and depression. Hammen C, Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2005 1 293 318 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938 17716090 (Pubitemid 43843953)
27. Stressful life events, vulnerable to stress and depression among Eritrean high schools students. Allam Z, Ife PsychologIA 2011 19 2 380 393
28. Personality and psychopathology of university students. Tosevski DL, Milovancevic MP, Gajic SD, Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010 23 48 52 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328333d625 19890212
29. The impact of depression on the academic productivity of university students. Hysenbegasi A, Hass SL, Rowland CR, J Ment Health Policy Econ 2005 8 3 145 151 16278502 (Pubitemid 41479306)
30. Suicide ideation among college students: a multivariate analysis. Arria AM, O'Grady KE, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Wilcox HC, Wish ED, Arch Suicide Res 2009 13 230 246 10.1080/13811110903044351 19590997
31. Relationships between stress, coping and depressive symptoms among overseas university preparatory Chinese students: a cross-sectional study. Chou PC, Chao YMY, Yang HJ, Yeh GL, Lee TH, BMC Public Health 2011 11 352 10.1186/1471-2458-11-352 21595974
32. The investigation of the prevalence of depression in the general population with the used of CES-D scale: The validity and reliability of the CES-D scale. Madianos MG, Vaidakis N, Tomaras B, Chortarea A, Encephalos 1983 20 29 32
33. Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the PER1 life events scale. Dohrenwend BS, Krasnoff L, Askenasy AR, Dohrenwend BP, J Health Soc Behav 1978 19 2 205 229 10.2307/2136536 681735 (Pubitemid 8361408)
34. Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology: Toward resolution of the problem of intracategory variability. Dohrenwend BP, Psychol Bull 2006 132 3 477 495 16719570 (Pubitemid 43848892)
35. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Bosi-Ferraz M, Spine 2000 25 24 3186 3191 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014 11124735 (Pubitemid 32042951)
36. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) scale: a self-report depression scale for research in general population. Radloff LS, Appl Psychol Meas 1977 1 385 401 10.1177/014662167700100306
37. Reliability of the CES-D Scale in different ethnic contexts. Roberts RE, Psychiatry Res 1980 2 125 134 10.1016/0165-1781(80)90069-4 6932058 (Pubitemid 10073885)
38. Screening for depression in primary care clinics: the CES-D and the BDI. Zich JM, Attkisson CC, Greenfield TK, Int J Psychiatry Med 1990 20 259 277 10.2190/LYKR-7VHP-YJEM-MKM2 2265888 (Pubitemid 20366033)
39. Quyen DD, Depression and stress among the first medical students in University of Medicine and Pharmacy Master Degree Thesis: Chulalongkorn University, Public Health Department 2007
40. Brandy JM, Depression in Freshmen College Students Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Chicago, Nursing science Department PhD thesis. 2011
41. Development and initial validation of a life event scale for students. Linden W, Canadian Counselor 1984 18 106 110
42. The life events scale for students: validation for use with British samples. Clements K, Turpin G, Pers Individ Differ J 1996 20 6 747 751 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00005-0 (Pubitemid 126162231)
43. Life event exposure, physiological reactivity, and psychological strain. Clement K, Turpin G, J Behav Med 2000 23 1 73 94 10.1023/A:1005472320986 10749012 (Pubitemid 30164136)
44. Comparison of levels of depression in medical and non-medical students. Honney K, Buszewicz M, Coppola W, Griffin M, Clin Teach 2010 7 3 180 184 10.1111/j.1743-498X.2010.00384.x 21134179
45. Psychological distress, anxiety and depression among nursing students in Greece. Papazisis G, Tsiga E, Papanikolaou N, Vlasiadis I, Sapountzi-Krepia D, Int J Caring Sci 2008 1 1 42 46
46. Depressive symptoms among Mexican medical students: high prevalence and the effect of a group psycheducation intervention. Melo-Carrillo A, Oudenhove L, Lopez-Avila A, J Affect Disord 2012 136 3 1098 1103 10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.040 22119092
47. Evaluating the depression and related factors among the students of the faculty of education at Celal Bayar University. Mergen H, Mergen B, Tan S, Öngel K, New J Med 2008 25 169 174
48. Prevalence of depression, its correlates among students, and its effect on health-related quality of life in a Turkish university. Arslan G, Ayranci U, Unsal A, Arslantas D, Ups J Med Sci 2009 114 3 170 177 10.1080/03009730903174339 19736608
49. The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Bayram N, Bilgel N, Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol 2008 43 667 672 10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x
50. Depression prevalence and related factors in Iranian students. Bayati A, Beigi M, Salehi M, Pak J Biol Sci 2009 12 20 1371 1375 10.3923/pjbs.2009.1371. 1375 20128505
51. Prevalence of depression among students of Urmia university of medical sciences (Iran). Aghakhani N, Sharif Nia H, Eghtedar S, Rahbar N, Jasemi M, Mesgar Zadeh M, Iran J Psychiatry Behavior Science 2011 5 2 131 135
52. A survey Beck test in university students & its relationship between some related risk factors. Simin H, Zahra G, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011 28 558 562
53. The associations between social support, health-related behaviors, socioeconomic status and depression in medical students. Jeong Y, Kim J, Ryu J, Lee K, Ha E, Park H, Epidemiology and Health 2010 24 32
54. The impact of personality on depression among university students in Taiwan. Chag SM, Law DW, Chang HK, Medical Journal 2011 34 5 528 534
55. Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan. Rab F, Mamadou R, Nasir S, East Mediterr Health J 2008 14 1 126 133 18557460 (Pubitemid 351753100)
56. Anxiety and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Jadoom N, Yaqoob R, Shehzad A, Choudhry Z, Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 2010 60 8 699 702
57. Socioeconomic determinants of non-communicable-diseases among the Cypriot population: questionnaire study. Kiliari N, Theodosopoulou E, Papanastasiou E, Charalambous A, J R Soc Med Sh Rep 2012 3 71 79 23162684
58. Using the university student depression inventory to investigate the effect of demographic variables on students' depression. Khawaja N, Duncanson K, Aust J Guid Couns 2008 18 2 195 209 10.1375/ajgc.18.2.195
59. Factors associated with depression in students at the university of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. Lowe G, Lipps G, Young R, West Indian Med J 2009 58 1 21 27 19565995
60. Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among Spanish university students. Vazquez F, Blanco V, J Am Coll Health 2008 57 165 171 10.3200/JACH.57.2.165-172 18809533
61. Depression in Asian-American and Caucasian undergraduate students. Young C, Fang D, Zisook S, J Affect Disord 2010 125 379 382 10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.124 20303181
62. Investigation of university students' depression. Ceyhan A, Ceyhan E, Kurtyilmaz Y, J Educ Res 2009 9 36 75 90
63. Gender differences in depression: the role of personality factors. Goodwin RD, Gotlib IH, Psychiatr Res J 2004 126 2 135 142 10.1016/j.psychres. 2003.12.024 (Pubitemid 38581246)
64. Sex differences in subclinical depression: administration of the Beck depression inventory in public and private disclosure situations. King DA, Buchwald AM, J Pers Soc Psychol 1982 42 5 963 969 7086635
65. Contribution of life events to causation of psychiatric illness. Paykel ES, Psychol Med. Journal 1978 8 2 245 253 10.1017/S003329170001429X (Pubitemid 8324641)
66. Life event, vulnerability, and onset of depression: some refinements. Brown GW, Bifulco A, Harris TO, Br J Psychiatry 1987 150 30 42 10.1192/bjp.150.1.30 3651696 (Pubitemid 17081815)
67. Social factors associated with depression: a retrospective community study. Costello CG, Psychol Med 1982 12 2 329 339 10.1017/S0033291700046663 7100356 (Pubitemid 12060557)
68. Life events and the onset of affective disorder: a longitudinal general population study. Surtees PG, Miller PM, Ingham JG, Kreitman NB, Rennie D, Sashidharan SP, J Affec Disord 1986 10 1 37 50 10.1016/0165-0327(86)90047-9 (Pubitemid 16109824)
69. Chronic and acute stress and the prediction of major depression in women. Hammen C, Kim EY, Eberhart NK, Brennan PA, Depress Anxiety 2009 26 718 723 10.1002/da.20571 19496077
70. The hopelessness theory of depression: prospective multi-wave test of the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. Gibb BE, Beevers CG, Andover MS, Holleran K, Cogn Ther Res 2006 30 763 772 10.1007/s10608-006-9082-1 (Pubitemid 44952993)
71. Life events and affective disorders. Paykel ES, Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003 108 61 66 12807378
72. A prospective study of risk factors for unipolar depression. Lewinsohn PIM, Hoberman HM, Rosenbaum M, J Abnorm Psychol 1988 97 251 264 3192816 (Pubitemid 19068853)
73. Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Hammen C, J Abnorm Psychol 1991 100 555 561 1757669
74. Stress generation in depression: reflections on origins, research, and future directions. Hammen C, J Clin Psychol 2006 62 1065 1082 10.1002/jclp.20293 16810666 (Pubitemid 44320289)
75. Stress generation in depression: a systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study. Liu RT, Alloy LB, Clin Psychol Review 2010 30 25 582 593
76. Depression. Brown GW, Harris TO, Life Events and Illness New York: Guilford Press, Brown GW, Harris TO, 1989 49 93
77. A review of studies comparing checklist and interview methods of data collection in life event research. Gorman DM, Behav Med 1993 19 66 73 10.1080/08964289.1993.9937567 8280964 (Pubitemid 23336187)
78. A comparison of two life stress assessment approaches: prospective prediction of treatment outcome in recurrent depression. McQuaid JR, Monroe SM, Roberts JE, Kupfer DJ, Frank E, J Abnorm Psychol 2000 109 787 791 11196005 (Pubitemid 32096241)
79. Web-based survey of depression, anxiety and stress in first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong. Wong JGWS, Cheung EPT, Chan KKC, Ma KKM, Tang SW, Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2006 40 29 777 782 16911753 (Pubitemid 44145221)
80. Cognitive processes underlying coping flexibility: differentiation and integration. Cheng C, Cheung WL, J Pers 2005 73 859 886 10.1111/j.1467-6494. 2005.00331.x 15958137 (Pubitemid 40937812)