Pathology and Classification of Urticaria

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 1-9

  Greaves, Malcolm W ^a,b  

^a ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b London Allergy Clinic   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Acute urticaria; Autoimmune urticaria; Chronic urticaria; Physical urticaria

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; FCER1 ANTIBODY; HLA DQ ANTIGEN; HLA DR ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE DISEASE; ACUTE URTICARIA; ALLELE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BASOPHIL; CHRONIC URTICARIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE DURATION; HUMAN; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MAST CELL; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REVIEW; SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA; URTICARIA;

ACUTE URTICARIA; AUTOIMMUNE URTICARIA; CHRONIC URTICARIA; PHYSICAL URTICARIA;

AUTOIMMUNITY; BASOPHILS; DERMIS; HUMANS; MAST CELLS; URTICARIA;

EID: 84887988234     PISSN: 08898561     EISSN: 15578607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2013.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Shakespeare W. (1591) The life and death of King Richard 111. Act 3, scene 4.
2. Bateman T. Apractical synopsis of cutaneous diseases 1813, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London.
3. Ehrlich P. Bertrage zur Kenntis der Granulierten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinopholen leucocyten. Arch Anat Physiol (Lpz) 1879, 3:166-169.
4. Dale H.H. Some chemical factors in the control of the circulation. Lecture 2, local vasodilator reactions - histamine. Lancet 1929, 1:1233-1237.
5. Lewis T. The blood vessels of the human skin and their responses 1927, 47. Shaw and Sons, London.
6. Riley J.F., West G.B. Presence of histamine in tissue mast cells. JPhysiol 1953, 120:528-537.
7. Milton J.L. On giant urticaria. Edinb Med J 1876, 22:513-526.
8. Quincke H. Concerning the acute localised oedema of the skin. Prakt Dermatol 1882, 1:129-131.
9. Smith C.H., Kepley C., Schwartz L.B., et al. Mast cell number and phenotype in chronic idiopathic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1995, 96:360-364.
10. Irani A.A., Schecter N.M., Craig S.S., et al. Two types of human mast cells that have distinct neutral protease compositions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986, 83:4464-4468.
11. Fureder W., Agis H., Willheim M., et al. Differential expression of complement receptors on human basophils and mast cells. JImmunol 1995, 155:3152-3160.
12. Ferrer M., Nakazawa K., Kaplan A.P. Complement dependence of histamine release in chronic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1999, 104:169-172.
13. Greaves M.W., Plummer V.M., McLaughlan P., et al. Serum and cell bound IgE in chronic urticaria. Clin Allergy 1974, 4:265-271.
14. Sabroe R.A., Francis D.M., Barr R.M., et al. Anti-Fc(episilon)R1 autoantibodies and basophil histamine releasability in chronic idiopathic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1998, 102:651-668.
15. Grattan C.E., Walpole D., Francis D.M., et al. Flow cytometric analysis of basophil numbers in chronic urticaria: basopenia is related to serum histamine releasing activity. Clin Exp Allergy 1997, 27:1417-1424.
16. Grattan C.E., Dawn G., Gibbs S., et al. Blood basophil numbers in chronic ordinary urticaria and healthy controls: diurnal variation, influence of loratidine and prednisolone and relationship to disease activity. Clin Exp Allergy 2003, 33:337-341.
17. Hoskin S.L., Wilson S.J., Sabroe R.A., et al. Basophil infiltration of wheals in chronic idiopathic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:A229.
18. Vonakis B.M., Vasagar K., Gibbons S.P., et al. Basophil Fce{open}R1 histamine release parallels expression of Src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatises in chronic idiopathic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:441-448.
19. Irani A.M., Huang C., Xia H.Z., et al. Immunohistochemical detection of human basophils in late phase skin reactions. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1998, 101:354-362.
20. Ying S., Kikuchi Y., Meng Q., et al. Th1/Th2 cytokines and inflammatory cells in skin biopsy specimens from patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria: comparison with allergen induced late phase cutaneous reaction. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2002, 109:694-700.
21. Peters M.S., Winkelmann R.K. Neutrophilic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1985, 113:25-30.
22. Toppe E., Haas N., Henz B.M. Neutrophilic urticaria: clinical features, histological changes and possible mechanisms. Br J Dermatol 1998, 138:248-253.
23. Sabroe R.A., Poon E., Orchard G., et al. Cutaneous inflammatory cell infiltrate in chronic idiopathic urticaria: comparison of patients with and without anti-Fce{open}R1 or anti- IgE autoantibodies. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1999, 103(3 Pt 1):484-493.
24. Kaplan A.P., Horakova Z., Katz S.I. Assessment of tissue fluid histamine levels in patients with urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1978, 61:350-354.
25. Lovenberg T.W., Roland B.L., Wilson S.J., et al. Cloning and functional expression of the human histamine H3 receptor. Mol Pharmacol 1999, 55:1101-1107.
26. Dunford P.J., Williams K.N., Desai P.J., et al. Histamine H4 receptor antagonists are superior to traditional antihistamines in the attenuation of experimental pruritus. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:176-183.
27. Maxwell D.L., Atkinson B.A., Spur B.W., et al. Skin responses to intradermal histamine and leukotrienes C4, D4, E4 in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and in normal subjects. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1990, 86:759-765.
28. Erbagei Z. The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria: single blind placebo-controlled cross over clinical study. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2002, 110:484-488.
29. Asero R., Tedeschi A., Coppola S., et al. Activation of the tissue pathway of blood coagulation in patients with chronic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2007, 119:705-710.
30. Wang F., Tang H., Xu J., et al. Activation of the blood coagulation cascade is involved in patients with chronic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2009, 123:972-973.
31. Vedanthan P.K., Mahesh P.A., Holla A.D., et al. Warfarin sodium as a steroid sparing agent in severe chronic idiopathic urticaria. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2008, 121:S103.
32. Dimitrijevic M., Stanojevic S., Kustrimovic N., et al. End-point effector stress mediators in neuroimmune interactions: their role in immune system homeostasis and autoimmune pathology. Immunol Res 2012, 52:64-80.
33. Wallengren J., Moller H., Ekman R. Occurrence of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide in dermographism and cold urticaria. Arch Dermatol Res 1987, 279:512-515.
34. Tedeschi A., Lorini M., Asero R. No evidence of increased serum substance P levels in chronic urticaria patients with and without demonstrable circulating vasoactive factors. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005, 30:171-175.
35. Twycross R., Greaves M.W., Handwerker H., et al. Itch: scratching more than the surface. QJM 2003, 96:7-26.
36. Yosipovitch G., Greaves M.W., Schmeltz M. Itch. Lancet 2003, 361:690-694.
37. Greaves M.W. Pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2010, 10:236-242.
38. Bell J.K., McQueen D.S., Rees J.L., et al. Involvement of histamine H4 and H1 receptors in scratching induced by histamine receptor agonists in Balb C mice. Br J Pharmacol 2004, 142:374-380.
39. Yamaura K., Oda M., Suwa E., et al. Expression of histamine H4 receptor in human epidermal tissues and attenuation of epidermal pruritus using H4 receptor antagonist. JToxicol Sci 2009, 34:427-431.
40. Steinhoff M., Neisius U., Ikoma A., et al. Proteinase-activated receptor -2 mediates itch: a novel pathway for pruritus in human skin. JNeurosci 2003, 23:6176-6180.
41. Fruhstorfer H., Hermanns M., Latzke L. The effects of thermal stimulation on clinical and experimental itch. Pain 1986, 24:259-269.
42. Greaves M.W., Wall P.D. Pathophysiology of itching. Lancet 1996, 348:938-940.
43. Wall P.D., Melzack R. Textbook of pain 1995, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh (United Kingdom). 3rd edition.
44. McKemy D.D., Neuhasser W.M., Julius D. Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation. Nature 2002, 416:52-58.
45. Stander S., Moormann C., Schumacher M., et al. Expression of vanilloid receptor subtypes in cutaneous sensory fibres, mast cells, and epithelial cells of appendage structures. Exp Dermatol 2004, 13:129-134.
46. Wall P.D., Sweet W.H. Temporary abolition of pain in man. Science 1967, 155:108-109.
47. Davidson S., Zhang X., Khasabov S.G., et al. Relief of itch by scratching: state-dependent inhibition of primate spinothalamic neurons. Nat Neurosci 2009, 12:544-546.
48. Vierow V., Fukuoka M., Ikoma A., et al. Cerebral representation of the relief of itch by scratching. JNeurophysiol 2009, 102:3216-3224.
49. Leznoff A., Josse R.G., Denburg J., et al. Association of chronic urticaria and angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity. Arch Dermatol 1983, 119:636-640.
50. Leznoff A., Sussman G.L. Syndrome of idiopathic urticaria and angioedema with thyroid autoimmunity: a study of 90 patients. JAllergy Clin Immunol 1989, 84:66-71.
51. O'Donnell B.F., Francis D.M., Swana G.T., et al. Thyroid autoimmunity in chronic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2005, 153:331-335.
52. Confino-Cohen R., Chodick G., Shalev V., et al. Chronic urticaria and autoimmunity: associations found in a large population study. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2012, 129:1307-1313.
53. Kaplan A.P. Chronic urticaria: pathogenesis and treatment. JAllergy Clin Immunol 2004, 114:465-474.
54. Greaves M.W., Tan K.T. Chronic urticaria: recent advances. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2007, 33:134-143.
55. Mozena J.D., Tinana A., Negri J., et al. Lack of a role for cross reacting anti-thyroid antibodies in chronic idiopathic urticaria. JInvest Dermatol 2010, 130:1860-1865.
56. O'Donnell B.F., O'Neill C.M., Francis D.M., et al. Human leucocyte antigen type 11 associations in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Br J Dermatol 1999, 140:853-858.
57. Aydogan K., Karadogan S.K., Akdag I., et al. HLA class I and class II antigens in Turkish patients with chronic ordinary urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006, 31:424-429.
58. Calamita Z., Calamita A.B. HLA in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria who are positive for anti-thyroid antibodies. JEur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013, 27:661-662.
59. 2 LEN/EDF guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy 2006, 61:316-320.
60. Zuberbier T., Asero R., Bindslev-Jensen C., et al. Guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy 2009, 64:1417-1426.
61. Maurer M., Bindslev-Jensen C., Gimenez-Arnaud A., et al. Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is no longer idiopathic: time for an update. Br J Dermatol 2013, 168:426-460.